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Classification of mild and severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) from healthy subjects via a supervised learning model based on electromyogram and ground reaction force data during gait

Sikidar Arnab, Vidyasagar Koyyana Eshwar Chandra, Gupta Manish, Garg Bhavuk, Kalyanasundaram Dinesh

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2022

Vol. 42, no. 3

870--887

At early stages, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is quite hard to be distinguished from healthy (HC) subjects by the naked eye. AIS demands multiple corrective surgeries when detected later, thereby causing significant physical and psychological trauma as no mathematical models exist for the classification of mild AIS (MS) (20° < Cobb’s angle < 40°) from HC, we propose a k-nearest neighbour (kNN) method based model. In this work, we collected both the EMG and GRF data from nine severe AIS (SS), three MS and four female HC during gait. Delayed muscle activation in Erector spinatus Iliocostalis, Gluteus Medius and Gastrocnemius lateralis was observed in SS compared to HC. However, no such distinction was noticed between MS and HC motivating for a mathematical model. Eighteen time-domain and nine frequency-domain features were computed from the EMG data of 14 lower extremity muscles, while five time-domain features were calculated from GRF data during gait. Out of all the features computed for each subject, the principal component analysis (PCA) yielded 15 principal components that coupled both time and frequency domains (TFD). Further, the kNN model classified SS, MS and HC from each other by these 15 TFD features. The model was trained and validated using 32 and 21 EMG and GRF data datasets during gait, respectively. The classification and validation accuracy of 90.6% and 85.7% were obtained among SS, MS and HC. The proposed model is capable of early detection of AIS and can be used by medical professionals to plan treatments and corrective measures.

Bilateral dentoalveolar asymmetries in female patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

Lewandowska Joanna, Opydo-Szymaczek Justyna, Mehr Katarzyna, Głowacki Jakub

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2019

Vol. 21, no. 4

53--62

The aim of this cross-sectional research was to quantify left–right dentoalveolar fluctuating (FA) and directional asymmetries (DA) in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and to assess the relationship between these asymmetries and the side, location, and severity of scoliosis. Materials and methods: The study group comprised of 60 females aged 12–16 years, with idiopathic scoliosis, and 54 healthy controls. Measurements were made with the use of digital caliper on full-mouth dental casts. The following variables were measured from each subject: a shift of the incisor midline, left and right incisor overjet, deviation of canine and buccal segment relation as well as maxillary and mandibular arch chords. The data were statistically analyzed with significance taken as p < 0.05. Results: Statistically significant differences in the mean shift of the incisor midline, buccal segment relation on the left and canine deviation on the left between the control group and the study group were detected ( p = 0.0419, p = 0.0.458 and p = 0.0204, respectively). FA of the midline deviation and canine deviation were statistically significantly higher for subjects with IS, compared to healthy controls ( p = 0.0315 and p = 0.0415, respectively). Neither direction of the curve nor apical vertebra’s location or apical translation significantly affected the magnitude of dentoalveolar asymmetries. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that bilateral asymmetries are a common feature of the young females’ occlusion. Individuals with IS show higher tendency to Angle Class II malocclusion, as well as higher FA of incisor midline discrepancy and canine deviation, compared to the controls.

Asymetria tułowia w skoliozach idiopatycznych

Bieć E., Skolimowski T., Demczuk-Włodarczyk E., Boerner E., Ostrowska B.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

2002

Vol. 8, nr 4

183-186

Powstawaniu i rozwojowi bocznych skrzywień kręgosłupa towarzyszą zmiany w położeniu poszczególnych segmentów ciała. Celem pracy było zbadanie i określenie różnic w położeniu jednoimiennych punktów kostnych w skoliozach idopatycznych pierwotnie piersiowych o różnym stopniu zaawansowania. W tym celu przebadano 145 osobową grupę dzieci z 1° i 11° skoliozy w wieku od 9 do 14 lat. Oceny wielkości bocznego skrzywienia kręgosłupa dokonano badaniem radiologicznym, oceny symetrii ukształtowania tułowia metodą fotogramo-metryczną opartą na zjawisku mory projekcyjnej. Wyniki badań wskazały na częstsze występowanie asymetrii w położeniu j ednoimiennych punktów kostnych leżących po obu stronach kręgosłupa oraz na narastanie ich wielkości wraz ze zwiększeniem się wielkości kąta pierwotnego piersiowego bocznego skrzywienia kręgosłupa.

The assessment of a degree of scoliosis was conducted by means of radiology examination and the evaluation of the symmetry of trunk with the use of a photogrammetric method. The results of examination indicated asymmetry in location of monomial bones points situated on both sides of spine, as well as an increase in their size along with an increase of the primary chest scoliosis. In this aim the group composed of 145 children with idiopathic primary thoracic laterals spinal curvature 1° i 11° at the age of 9-14 was examined. Lateral spinal curvature was examined by means of radiology and photo grammetric method.