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Modernizacja istniejących oraz projektowanych obiegów kotłów wodnych umożliwiająca ich wykorzystanie do produkcji energii elektrycznej

Ostrowski Piotr, Świątkowski Tomasz

Ciepłownictwo, Ogrzewnictwo, Wentylacja

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2019

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T. 50, nr 5

172--176

PL

Działania na rzecz podnoszenia sprawności urządzeń energetycznych, spowodowane aktywną promocją wysokosprawnej kogeneracji oraz wspieraniu alternatywnych źródeł energii wymuszają na kierownictwu przedsiębiorstw ciepłowniczych podejmowanie kroków, umożliwiających spełnienie tych wymagań oraz podnoszące konkurencyjność firm na rynku energetycznym. Celem artykułu jest określenie możliwości oraz zasadności ekonomicznej uzyskania warunków kogeneracji w wodnych kotłach grzewczych. Podstawą analizy opisanej modernizacji są obliczenia bilansowe uwzględniające możliwości rynku oraz obecnie stosowanych technologii. Opisywana modernizacja jest możliwa do wdrożenia w zakładach ciepłowniczych i przemysłowych. Wprowadzenie kogeneracji umożliwia podniesienie sprawności energetycznej zakładu, a także może ona stanowić źródło dodatkowych korzyści ekonomicznych.

EN

Actions to improve the efficiency of power facilities, caused by the active promotion of high-efficiency cogeneration and support for alternative energy sources, force heat plants to take steps, allowing to meet these requirements and improve their competitiveness on the energy market Determining the feasibility and economic viability of obtaining cogeneration conditions in water boilers. Analysis of the described modernization based on balance calculations taking into account the market possibilities and currently available technologies. The described modernization has the potential for its widespread implementation to heating and industrial plants. In this case, obtaining the conditions of cogeneration allows to increase the efficiency of the plant’s operation and also provide a source of additional economic profits.

2

Modeling of a nuclear combined heat and power station supplying heat to remote municipal customers - the case of Poland

Cholewiński M., Tomków Ł.

Journal of Power Technologies

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2018

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Vol. 98, nr 3

255--266

EN

Nuclear power is advocated as a cheap, clean and reliable source of electric power for both industry and the household sector. This paper focuses on technical issues relating to commissioning a cogeneration unit for use in combination with a typical Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR). Three heat extraction possibilities were analyzed and modeled in order to identify the most favorable option based on various criteria. The investigated possibilities of heat extraction were turbine bypass, steam bleeding and partial removal of heat from the network of regenerating heat exchangers. The working conditions of a municipal heat network, such as pressure drop and heat losses, were calculated and adapted to the conurbation centered on Gdansk (Poland). Annual demand was analyzed in light of the current state of development of the heating network. The operating parameters of the power plant were based on the Asco Nuclear Power Station in Spain. It was observed that certain heat extraction methods could deliver a significant increase in the weighted utilization factor.

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Zastosowanie odzysku energii odpadowej w układzie energetycznym zbiornikowca LNG z ponownym skraplaniem gazu

Adamkiewicz A., Przybyła M.

Rynek Energii

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2015

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Nr 5

61--68

PL

W artykule przedstawiono własności układów ruchowych zbiornikowców LNG z ponownym skraplaniem gazu wyróżniając gazowce typu Q-flex. Rozpoznano strumienie ciepła odpadowego silników napędu głównego o zapłonie samoczynnym oraz przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń ich wielkości. Skojarzono szczytowe zapotrzebowanie energii elektrycznej z ważniejszymi stanami eksploatacyjnymi gazowca typu DRL. Rozważono odzysk ciepła odpadowego spalin wylotowych silników głównych przez układ z turbiną parową. Opisano kryteria doboru turbiny parowej. Określono możliwości produkcji energii elektrycznej przez zaproponowany układ. Pokazano udział wyprodukowanej energii elektrycznej w całkowitym zapotrzebowaniu statku. Oszacowano zmniejszenie kosztów eksploatacji zbiornikowca dzięki oszczędności zużycia paliwa. Zauważono możliwość zwiększenia rentowności eksploatacji gazowców typu DRL poprzez zastosowanie układu odzysku ciepła odpadowego z turbiną parową.

EN

This paper presents propulsion system properties of LNG carriers with a Diesel Reliquefaction Plant (DRL) of the Q-flex type. Waste heat fluxes of diesel engines of the main power system have been studied and calculations of their values have been presented. Peak requirements for electrical energy were correlated to the most important operational states of a gas carrier of the DRL type. Recovery of the waste heat of exhaust of the main engines was suggested to be carried out throughout a system with a steam heat recovery turbine. Criteria of choosing the steam turbine have been put forward. Possibilities of generating electrical energy in the proposed system have been determined. The share of electrical energy generated in such a way has been shown as a part of the total ship requirement. Decrease of gas carrier operational costs, thanks to reduced fuel consumption, has been estimated. A possibility to increase profitability of operation of a gas carrier of the DRL type using a Waste Heat Recovery System (WHRS) with a steam turbine has been noted.

4

Thermodynamic and economic evaluation of a CO2 membrane separation unit integrated into a supercritical coal-fired heat and power plant

Skorek-Osikowska A., Bartela Ł., Kotowicz J.

Journal of Power Technologies

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2015

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Vol. 95, nr 3

201--210

EN

This paper presents the results of thermodynamic and economic analysis of a coal-fired combined heat and power plant (CHP) working at supercritical parameters, integrated with a carbon dioxide capture unit based on membrane technologies. Two membrane system configurations are described, compared and optimized. Both consist of a twostage membrane unit, but in the first variant (Case 1) no recirculation is performed while in the second one (Case 2), retentate from behind the second membrane is recirculated before the first membrane. The economic analysis includes a comparison of the systems with a unit working without CO2 capture (reference unit). The main thermodynamic (annual generation of the products, efficiencies) and economic (break-even price of electricity, break-even price of membranes) indices are presented in this paper. The results show that the profitability of the investment in CHP units integrated with CO2 capture is strongly dependent on the annual operation time and price of emission allowances. Better thermodynamic and economic characteristics are obtained for the system with retentate recirculation than for the system without recirculation.

5

Thermodynamic and economic effectiveness of a CHP unit with piston engine fueled with gas from biomass gasification

Skorek-Osikowska A., Bartela Ł., Kotowicz J.

Journal of Power Technologies

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2015

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Vol. 95, nr 1

73--78

EN

This paper presents the results of a thermodynamic and economic analysis concerning the use of gas from gasification of biomass in a cogeneration system with an internal combustion piston engine, working for the needs of a district heating network, with power of 1.5 MW in biomass supplied. The data on the gas generation and purification process were taken from real experiments conducted on a research installation with a fixed bed gasifier at the Institute for Chemical Processing of Coal in Zabrze. Electricity and heat generation efficiency and electric and thermal power of the system were primarily used as indicators of the thermodynamic evaluation. The economic analysis was carried out using discount methods, taking into account the existence of support mechanisms in the form of the colorful certificates. A sensitivity analysis of evaluation indices to the change of selected characteristics was performed.

6

Seebeck phenomenon, calculation method comparison

Lubikowski K., Radkowski S., Szczurowski K., Wikary M.

Journal of Power Technologies

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2015

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Vol. 95, spec.

63--67

EN

In the article the Seebeck effect has been the main focus as well as modelling of thermoelectric phenomena observed during thermoelectric generators’ (TEG) work cycle in cogeneration systems. A simple mathematical model has been applied for calculations, and subsequently the durability environment of the Ansys computer programme for the purpose of modelling geometry and physical conditions, having assumed the starting conditions and material data. Tasks encountered in technical domains frequently require modelling of complicated geometry of real objects, applying discontinuous or differentiable functions, which enable description of physical parameters and boundary conditions. This fact imposes introduction of the model divided into a finite number of parts with relatively uncomplicated shapes that will allow obtaining a solution within their scope, and subsequently combining them with each other in the finite element method (FEM). For empirical research the generator with the marking: „56890-503 CP14, 71, 045” Laird PL26 from Laird Technologies was used. In order to determine the load characteristics there were appropriate temperatures applied to the cold and hot side of the thermoelectric generator. Subsequently, the system designed to regain energy from the heat was burdened with resistors. The final stage of the tests was installing the system in the exhaust section of the laboratory test stand at the Integrated Laboratory of the Mechatronics System of Vehicles and Construction Machinery, Warsaw University of Technology. The tests have been carried out and the abovementioned characteristics designed. Consequently, there were laboratory classes for students conducted at the test stand, illustrating the Seebeck effect.

7

Mathematical model of Combined Heat and Power Plant using GateCycleTM software

Kowalczyk C., Rolf R. M., Kowalczyk B., Badyda K.

Journal of Power Technologies

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2015

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Vol. 95, nr 3

183--191

EN

The this paper contains a description and analysis of a mathematical model of the combined cycle gas turbine used by Lublin–Wrotków Combined Heat and Power Plant. The model was generated with the GE Energy Gate Cycle TM software and was based on the parametric design of the real power plant. A brief description of the technology used in the power plant is included in this work. The model was validated by comparing the generated results with the parametric design. The paper finishes with an analysis of the work of the District Water Heater and summary of the most important findings.

8

Podział kosztów w skojarzonej gospodarce energetycznej - analiza metod

Kuś J.

Prace Naukowe Politechniki Warszawskiej. Konferencje

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2002

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T. 2, z. 22

733-740

PL

W literaturze opisano kilka metod szacowania kosztów jednostkowych wytwarzania ciepła i energii elektrycznej w skojarzeniu. Większość tych metod opracowano wykorzystując kryteria techniczne wynikające, bądź związane z technologią wytwarzania energii w skojarzeniu. W pracy opisano, przeanalizowano i porównano wybrane metody podziału kosztów stosowane przy skojarzonym wytwarzaniu ciepła i energii elektrycznej.

EN

In the literature have been described few methods of unit cost estimation for cogeneration of heat and electric energy. Most of these methods were elaborated by using technical criterions that arise from, or are connected with, the technology of energy cogeneration. In this paper have been described, analyzed and compared selected methods of cost division used at cogeneration of heat and electric energy.