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1

Konstrukcja i charakter, architektura Auguste’a Perreta

Malacarne G.

Pretekst

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2018

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Nr 8

18--25

PL

W architekturze Perreta, charakteryzującej się użyciem żelazobetonu, związek formy i konstrukcji jest niezwykle ścisły. Jego dzieła cechuje spójność pomiędzy systemem konstrukcyjnym a architekturą, między formą a konstrukcją. Dla Perreta “architektura, która nie opiera się na systemie konstrukcyjnym, jest niczym innym jak tylko modą”. Jego architektura i przyjęte formy są spójne z wybranym systemem konstrukcyjnym, w którym widoczny jest zarówno praktyczny jak i reprezentatywny cel. Kilka ciekawych i spójnych badań opiera się na zgodności pomiędzy systemem konstrukcyjnym a formalno-reprezentatywnym, który podkreśla charakter i zasadność budynku w odniesieniu do tematu. Techniki i konstrukcja narzucają formie pewne niezbędne ograniczenia, uwalniając tym samym inwencję architektoniczną.

EN

In the architecture of Perret, characterized by the use of reinforced concrete, the relationship between form and construction is very close. A system of coherence between the constructive system and the architecture, between form and construction, characterizes his work. For Perret “an architecture that does not come from a constructive system is nothing but fashion.” His architecture and the forms adopted are coherent with the chosen construction system, in which not only the practical purpose but also the representative one is evident. Some interesting and coherent research is based on the correspondence between the constructive system and the formal-representative system that highlights the character and appropriateness of the building with respect to the theme. Techniques and construction also impose on the form some necessary limits that free the architectural invention.

2

TiC and Al-Ti-C skeletons produced by combustion synthesis

Naplocha K.

Composites Theory and Practice

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2012

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R. 12, nr 1

50-53

EN

A porous skeleton of TiC carbide was successfully fabricated by combustion synthesis ignited in a microwave field. The synthesizing temperature has been remarkably affected by the time of ball milling or positioning in a single mode microwave reactor. The combustion products were characterized by XRD and SEM investgatons. To moderate the reaction and avoid the explosion mode, an aluminium powder was added to the mixture. The prepared TiC, Al-Ti-C skeletons were next infiltrated with an AlSi12 aluminium alloy by the squeeze casting method. The composite materials exhibited a relatively homogeneous microstructure with low porosity.

PL

Porowate szkielety z węglika TiC zostały wytworzone poprze syntezę spaleniową aktywowaną w polu mikrofalowym. Na temperaturę syntezy znacząco wpływa czas mechanicznego mieszania proszków wyjściowych oraz pozycja próbki w polu reaktora mikrofalowego. Produkty reakcji zostały zbadane w oparciu o analizę XRD oraz na mikroskopie skaningowym z sondą BSE. W celu wyhamowania dynamiki reakcji i uniknięcia eksplozyjnego przebiegu do mieszaniny wyjściowej dodawano proszek Al. Wytworzone kształtki TiC, Al-Ti-C nasycano stopem aluminium AlSi12 metodą prasowania w stanie ciekłym. Kompozyty charakteryzowały się dostatecznie jednorodną mikrostrukturą z nielicznymi porowatościami.

3

Applications for point cloud skeletonizations in forestry and agriculture

Bucksch A., Lindenberg R. C., Menenti M.

Reports on Geodesy

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2009

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z. 2/87

65-75

EN

In recent years, both airborne and terrestrial laser scanning developed to a standard technique for acquiring information on terrestrial landscapes. Here forest inventory and orchard management is considered. Inventory and parameterization of individual trees in orchards and forests are of large interest in nowadays society because of the potential of economical maximization of orchard production and the sustainable nnanagement of forests. Complex objects like trees require a detailed structural analysis before an analysis of single trees is possible. Skeletonization is such a structural description that enables the extraction of length, diarneters, volumes and position of individual branches but also of trees as a whole. Ln this paper an overview of current possibilities for skeletonization algorithms on trees is given. A new method of skeletonization, especially designed for the analysis of tree data is deseribed and its applicability demonstrated on airborne and terrestrial laser scanning scenarios. The evidence reviewed in this paper leads to conclude that skeletonization is a valuable tool for forest inventory and orchard management. It will be shown that skeletonization offers the possibility of species independent measurement of trees, which make skeletonization a general tool for parameter extraction on trees that empowers also research fields different from orchard management and forest inventory.

4

An automatic segmentation method for scanned images of wheat root systems with dark discolourations

Gocławski J., Sekulska-Nalewajko J., Gajewska E., Wielanek M.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2009

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Vol. 19, no 4

679-689

EN

The analysis of plant root system images plays an important role in the diagnosis of plant health state, the detection of possible diseases and growth distortions. This paper describes an initial stage of automatic analysis-the segmentation method for scanned images of Ni-treated wheat roots from hydroponic culture. The main roots of a wheat fibrous system are placed separately in the scanner view area on a high chroma background (blue or red). The first stage of the method includes the transformation of a scanned RGB image into the HCI (Hue-Chroma-Intensity) colour space and then local thresholding of the chroma component to extract a binary root image. Possible chromatic discolourations, different from background colour, are added to the roots from blue or red chroma subcomponent images after thresholding. At the second stage, dark discolourations are extracted by local fuzzy c-means clustering of an HCI intensity image within the binary root mask. Fuzzy clustering is applied in local windows around the series of sample points on roots medial axes (skeleton). The performance of the proposed method is compared with hand-labelled segmentation for a series of several root systems.

5

Metody animacji wirtualnych postaci w interaktywnym środowisku trójwymiarowym

Grudziński T., Grudziński J., Dębowski A.

Studia Informatica

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2008

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Vol. 29, nr 1

87-97

PL

W publikacji przedstawiono kierunki badań prowadzonych na świecie w zakresie sterowania ruchem wirtualnej postaci ludzkiej oraz zarysowano możliwe drogi rozwoju tematu. Położono nacisk na zagadnienia związane z wpływaniem na ruch postaci obliczany w czasie rzeczywistym.

EN

The paper presents the research directions in the subject of virtual characters animation control. The possibilities of future research are given. The emphasis is put on the issues of interactive animation computed in real time.

6

Spatial bimetallic castings manufactured from iron alloys

Cholewa M., Tenerowicz S., Suchoń J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 7, iss. 3

33-38

EN

In this paper a conception for manufacturing method of skeleton castings with composite features was shown. Main application of such castings are the working organs of machines subjected to intensive abrasive and erosive wear. Skeleton geometry was based on three-dimensional cubic net consisting of circular connectors and nodes joining 6 connectors according to Cartesian coordinate system. Dimension of an elementary cell was equal to 10 mm and diameter of single connector was equal to 5 mm. For bimetallic castings preparation two Fe based alloys were used: L25SHMN cast steel for skeleton substrate and ZlCr15NiMo cast iron for working part of the casting. In presented work obtained structure was analyzed with indication of characteristic regions. Authors described phenomena occurring at the alloys interface and phases in transition zone. A thesis was formulated concerning localization of transition zone at the cast iron matrix - cast steel reinforcement interface. Direction of further studies were indicated.

7

Opis sprężysto-plastycznych ośrodków wieloskładnikowych

Pawlik K.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Budownictwo / Politechnika Śląska

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2006

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z. 109

263-270

PL

W pracy analizuje się stan naprężeń i odkształceń w materiale kapilarno-porowatym z mikrouszkodzeniami. Zakłada się, że ośrodek składa się ze składników objętościowych oraz powierzchniowych na granicy faz. W filmie cieczy na powierzchni międzyfazowej uwzględnia się występowanie ciśnień rozklinowujących, które w prezentowanym modelu mają wpływ na uplastycznienie się szkieletu ciała. Finalnie, na podstawie analizy termomechanicznej zostały sformułowane równania konstytutywne sprężysto-plastyczności dla analizowanego ośrodka.

EN

In this paper state of stress and strain in a capillar-porous body with microdamage is analysed. Considered medium consists of volumetric and superficial components. One takes into consideration that disjoining pressure occuring on the interfacial surfaces, has on impact on plasticization of bodys's skeleton. Finally, constitutive equations of elastoplasticity are formulated for the steted problemon the basis of the thermomechanics analisis.

8

Zaawansowane techniki animacji trójwymiarowych modeli szkieletowych w środowisku FRS

Mysłek T., Grudziński T., Ross J.

Studia Informatica

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2006

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Vol. 27, nr 1

41-54

PL

W publikacji wyjaśniono ideę animowania modeli trójwymiarowych za pomocą danych szkieletowych oraz opisano sposoby automatycznej generacji animacji. W ramach przedstawiania metod automatycznej generacji animacji zostały opisane problemy kinmematyki prostej oraz opisano algorytm przybliżonego rozwiązywania problemu kinematyki odwrotnej.

EN

The paper discusses the idea of the animation of a 3-dimensional model by using its skeleton data and also presents some methods of automatic animation generation. During description of methods of automatic animation generation, topics such as forward kinematics and inversed kinematics are mentioned and also the algorithm of approximate solution of invesred kinematics problem is presented.

9

Projekcyjne równoważniki kształtu cząstki ciała stałego

Sulkowski A.

Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna

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2006

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Nr 4s

144-145

EN

A mathematical background of solid particle shape projective description method was established in the paper. A particle was assumed to be the compact and connected subset of .R3space. The definition of contoured dilation coat was introduced. The contoured dilation function of particle projective image was defined. Properties of the function mentioned were described. A numerical form of functional characteristics for some real particle shapes was derived.

10

Mathematical morphology on complete semilattices and its applications to image processing

Keshet R.

Fundamenta Informaticae

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2000

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Vol. 41, Nr 1,2

33-56

EN

This work extends the scope of mathematical morphology from complete lattices to complete semilattices, and presents some applications of this extension. More specifically, we first define and briefly analyze basic morphological operators in complete inf-semilattices. Then, difference and reference semilattices are introduced. Finally, some video processing applications in these semilattices are presented, namely: Detection of fast motion, innovation extraction, and contour compression for segmentation-based coding.

11

A vectorized thinning algorithm for handwritten symbols recognition

Stąpor K.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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1999

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Vol. 8, No. 3

341-352

EN

In this paper a non-pixelwise thinning algorithm of binary line images, called vectorized thinning is proposed. The praesented algorithm produces a skeleton of a 2D-object which is performed in three steps: 1) links finding and simple region extraction, 2) complex region extraction and multiple points finding, 3) transformation into vectorized skeleton. As opposed to other thinning algorithms, the obtained skeleton is yet in vector from, particularly suitable for feature extraction in the cartographic symbol recognition from scanned, geodesic maps, with much better results than using other, pixelwise thinning methods ([17]). The main advantages of the proposed thinning algorithm lie in better extraction of multiple points representing corners, branch or crossing regions of 2D objects, and less sensitivity to a boundary noise which is one of the main problems in pixelwise thinning algorithms.

12

A skeleton based decomposition of binary shapes

Frucci M.

Image Processing & Communications

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1998

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Vol. 4, no 3-4

37-44

EN

A binary pattern represented by its (d1, d2)-weighted skeleton is decomposed into primitives of given shape, which correspond to appropriate skeleton subsets. The primitives are defined in a context-dependent way and are suitable to cope with large variability the shape of a pattern may assume. The resulting decomposition is rotation invariant, and is natural with respect to both the number and the type of primitives forming the pattern. The computational cost of the process is modest, since all the computations are performed on sets of skeletal pixels.