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Conductive Heat Transfer Prediction of Plain Socks in Wet State

Mansoor Tariq, Hes Lubos, Khalil Amany, Militky Jiri, Tunak Maros, Bajzik Vladimir, Kyosev Yordan

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 4

391--403

EN

In this study, an algebraic model and its experimental verification was carried out to investigate the effect of moisture content on the heat loss that takes place due to conduction of sock fabrics. The results show that increasing moisture content in the studied socks caused a significant increase in their conductive heat loss. Plain knitted socks with different fiber composition were wetted to a saturated level, and then their moisture content was reduced stepwise. When achieving the required moisture content, the socks samples were characterized by the Alambeta testing instrument for heat transfer. Three different existing modified mathematical models for the thermal conductivity of wet fabrics were used for predicting thermal resistance of socks under wet conditions. The results from both ways are in very good agreement for all the socks at a 95% confidence level. In the above-mentioned models, the prediction of thermal resistance presents newly a combined effect of the real filling coefficient and thermal conductivity of the so-called “wet” polymers instead of dry polymers. With these modifications, the used models predicted the thermal resistance at different moisture levels. Predicted thermal resistance is converted into heat transfer (due to conduction) with a significantly high coefficient of correlation.

2

A New Approach for Thermal Resistance Prediction of Different Composition Plain Socks in Wet State. Part 2

Mansoor Tariq, Hes Lubos, Bajzik Vladimir

Autex Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 2

238--247

EN

Socks’ comfort has vast implications in our everyday living. This importance increased when we have undergone an effort of low or high activity. It causes the perspiration of our bodies at different rates. In this study, plain socks with different fiber composition were wetted to a saturated level. Then after successive intervals of conditioning, these socks are characterized by thermal resistance in wet state at different moisture levels. Theoretical thermal resistance is predicted using combined filling coefficients and thermal conductivity of wet polymers instead of dry polymer (fiber) in different models. By this modification, these mathematical models can predict thermal resistance at different moisture levels. Furthermore, predicted thermal resistance has reason able correlation with experimental results in both dry (laboratory conditions moisture) and wet states.

3

Development of V-Shaped Compression Socks on Conventional Socks Knitting Machine

Siddique H. F., Mazari A. A., Havelka A., Mansoor T., Ali A., Azeem M.

Autex Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 18, no. 4

377--384

EN

The aim of this study was to develop V-shape compression socks that should exert graduated lateral compression around the leg. For the development of socks, three types of yarns: main yarn (MY), plaiting yarn (PY) and inlaid yarn (IY) were used. Each yarn contained spandex yarn as the core. Machine adjustments were optimized to achieve the special V-shaped compression socks according to size of the wooden leg. Eighteen socks samples were developed and quantified for pressure exertion at ankle and calf portions using the MST MKIV, Salzmann pressure measuring device. Consequently, only two socks samples were accepted, which had the pressure exertion values of 21 mmHg and 23 mmHg with graduation percentage of 73% and 80%, respectively.

4

Energy Release Studies of Human Feet for Mapping μPCM Quantity in Socksfor Thermoregulation

Siddhan P., Jayakumar B.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2017

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Vol. 25, no. 6 (126)

75--82

EN

Pure PCM and microencapsulated PCM (µPCM) were analysed for heat capacity and core content using DSC analysis and were tested for stability against heat and solvent. The energy release rate of human feet was quantified through a novel in-house tester using a water and air medium. The energy release rate from various experiments were compared and ranges of the quantity of µPCM recommended for a definite period of thermoregulation with and without a factor of safety. Based on theoretical predictions, socks were treated with µPCM at add-on values of 0.2 g to 5 g corresponding to 1 % and 25 % per weight of the socks, respectively. The socks treated were subjected to wear trials and evaluated against the untreated one. It was found that the thermoregulation period of the µPCM treated socks were proportional to their add-on weight and were in close agreement with the theoretical predictions proposed. The presence of µPCM on the treated socks was observed through a scanning electron microscope.

PL

W pracy analizowano czysty PCM i mikrokapsułkowany PCM (μPCM) pod względem pojemności cieplnej. W tym celu zastosowano analizę DSC i testowano próbki pod kątem stabilności względem ciepła i rozpuszczalnika. Szybkość uwalniania energii z ludzkich stóp została określona ilościowo za pomocą nowatorskiego testera wewnętrznego wykorzystującego medium wodne i powietrzne. Porównano szybkość uwalniania energii na podstawie doświadczeń, okrełśono też zakresy zalecanej dawki μPCM przez określony czas termoregulacji z czynnikiem bezpieczeństwa i bez niego. W oparciu o przewidywania teoretyczne skarpetki obrabiano μPCM w ilości od 0,2 do 5 g, odpowiednio 1 i 25% na wagę skarpet. Obrabiane skarpetki poddawano próbom zużycia porównano ze skarpetkami nie poddanymi obróbce. Stwierdzono, że okres termoregulacji skarpetek poddanych działaniu μPCM był proporcjonalny do ich masy addycyjnej i był zgodny z zaproponowanymi teoretycznymi przewidywaniami. Obecność μPCM na skarpetach poddanych obróbce obserwowano potwierdzono przy użyciu skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego.

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Investigation of the thermal properties of socks knitted from yarns with peculiar properties. Part II: Thermal resistance of socks knitted from natural and stretch yarns

Čiukas R., Abramavičiute J., Kerpauskas P.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2011

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Vol. 19, no. 3 (86)

64-68

EN

This study is a continuation of experimental analyses to determine the thermal properties of socks. The influence of yarns from the different natural fibres of socks on the thermal conductivity coefficient of plain knits and plated plane knits with textured polyamide (PA) or elastane thread was assessed in Part I. The influence of the fibre yarns mentioned on thermal resistance was analysed. It was determined that a higher thermal resistance is characteristic for knits with Lycra thread, lower - for knits from pure yarns, and the lowest- for knits with textured PA thread. It was found that an increase in linear density occurs when there is a decrease in thermal resistance, especially in a combination with two pure yarns and one plated textured polyamide or elastane Lycra thread. The thermal resistance of samples manufactured from pure yarns and from a composition with PA thread was lower compared with samples which have Lycra thread.

PL

Przeanalizowano wpływ różnego rodzaju włókien na oporność termiczną skarpet. Stwierdzono, że wyższą opornością termiczną charakteryzują się dzianiny z włókien elastomerowych typu lycra, niższą dzianiny wykonane z przędz jednorodnych a najniższą z teksturowanych przędz poliamidowych. Stwierdzono, że wzrost masy liniowej ma miejsce w produktach, w których występuje spadek oporności termicznej, zwłaszcza kiedy w strukturze występują jednocześnie dwa rodzaje jednorodnej przędzy, teksturowana przędza poliamidowa oraz przędza typu lycra. Opór termiczny próbek wytworzonych z przędz jednorodnych i mieszanek z przędzami poliamidowymi był niższy w porównaniu z próbkami, które zawierały przędze typu lycra.

6

Investigation of the thermal properties of socks knitted from yarns with peculiar properties. Part I, Thermal conductivity coefficient of socks knitted from natural and synthetic textured yarns

Čiukas R., Abramavičiūtė J., Kerpauskas P.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2010

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Vol. 18, no. 3 (80)

89--93

EN

This study comprised an experimental investigation to determine the thermal properties of socks manufactured using not only traditional cotton yarns but also yarns of new kinds of fibres such as bamboo and soybean protein fibres, as well as blended yarns such as cotton/seacells and bamboo/flax. The influence of different fibres of the socks mentioned on the thermal conductivity coefficient of plain knits and plated plane knits with textured polyamide (PA) or elastane (Lycra) wrapped with textured polyamide thread was investigated. It was determined that a higher thermal conductivity coefficient is characteristic for knits with textured polyamide (PA) thread: lower – for knits with Lycra thread and those from pure yarns. The variation in thermal conductivity depending on the area density, linear density and thickness of plain and plated plain knits was discused.

PL

W badaniach oprócz przędz tradycyjnych bawełnianych stosowano przędze włókien bambusowych łykowych oraz proteinowych włókien sojowych a także mieszanki przędz takie jak bawełna/celuloza z roślin morskich oraz bambus/len. Badano dzianiny pojedyncze oraz łączone z udziałem przędz poliamidowych teksturowanych oraz elastomerowych (lycra) okręconych teksturowymi przędzami poliamidowymi. Stwierdzono, że wyższym współczynnikiem przewodności termicznej charakteryzują się dzianiny z włókien teksturowanych poliamidowych a niższym z udziałem przędz elastomerowych oraz niemieszanych przędz z włókien naturalnych. Omówiono różnicę w przewodności termicznej spowodowane masą liniową przędz, masą powierzchniową dzianiny oraz rodzajem zastosowanego splotu.

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Analiza wpływu podstawowych parametrów wyrobów skarpetkowych na wartość nacisku jednostkowego mankietów

Ledwoń J., Tasarz I.

Przegląd Włókienniczy + Technik Włókienniczy

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2001

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nr 12

14-16