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Assessment of the impact of selected agriculture factors on maize nutritional status in critical growth stages using the plant analysis method. Part 2. Flowering stage (BBCH 61)

Szulc Piotr, Baldys Weronika, Kobus-Cisowska Joanna, Krauklis Daniel, Kucharska Aleksandra

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 66, nr 1

19--24

EN

The study presents the results of a 3-year field study, whose aim was to assess the effect of sowing and NP fertilizer application method on the content of nutrients in leaf blades of two different types of maize varieties (traditional and stay-green) in the BBCH 61 stage. The selection of the variety in combination with row NP fertilization is a factor supporting the nutritional status of maize at this stage. The “stay-green” variety showed a positive reaction to the row NP application, which was caused by a better supply of P and K. The content of N, P, K, Mg in maize leaves at the BBCH 61 stage may be an indicator of the size of maize grain yield, regardless of the type of maize hybrid.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki 3-letnich badań polowych, których celem była ocena wpływu sposobu siewu i aplikacji nawozu NP na zawartość składników pokarmowych w blaszkach liściowych w fazie BBCH 61 przez dwa różne typy odmian kukurydzy (tradycyjna i stay-green). Czynnikiem wspomagającym stan odżywienia kukurydzy w tym stadium jest dobór odmiany w połączeniu z rzędowym nawożeniem NP. Pozytywna reakcja na rzędowe stosowanie NP wykazała odmiana „stay-green”, co wynikało z lepszego zaopatrzenia w P, K. Zawartość N, P, K, Mg w liściach kukurydzy w stadium BBCH 61 może być indykatorem wielkości plonu ziarna kukurydzy, niezależnie od typu mieszańca kukurydzy.

2

Zawartość składników pokarmowych w kompostach produkowanych z zebranej selektywnie biodegradowalnej frakcji odpadów komunalnych i odpadów zielonych

Klimas E.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Mechanika / Politechnika Opolska

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2015

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z. 105

93-96

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of macronutrients in mature composts produced from separately collected biodegradable fraction of municipal waste and green waste technology MUT-Herhof.

3

Recent changes in large and shallow Lake Peipsi (Estonia/Russia) : causes and consequences

Haberman J., Haldna M., Laugaste R., Blank K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 4

645-662

EN

The large and shallow lowland lakes constitute a distinctive type of lake ecosystem, because of their polymixis, frequent resuspension of bottom sediments and internal nutrient loading, high turbidity and usually high productivity and eutrophication rate. Lake Peipsi is one of the largest lake in Europe, its area is 3555 km2 and mean depth is 7.1 m. The study results for the vegetation seasons (May-October) obtained for the decade 1997-2008 allow to evaluate the long-term changes in the functioning of its ecosystem in terms of dynamics of phyto- and zooplankton and nutrient content in a lake. Lake Peipsi consists of three different parts: the northern, the largest and deepest one is eutrophic L. Peipsi s.s. (sensu stricto), the southernmost part is hypertrophic L. Pihkva, connected with L. Peipsi s.s. by the river-like L. Lammijarv. The decrease in nutrient loading to L. Peipsi observed in the early 1990s was brought about by social changes (collapse of Soviet type agriculture) rather than by the purification of point-pollution sources. In the northern part, Lake Peipsi s.s., the content of both nitrogen and phosphorus was stabilized, while the increase in phosphorus in the water of L. Pihkva was evident. The resistance of the three lake parts to external nutrient loading is different. It seems that the ecosystem of the southern lake part (L. Pihkva) is losing its resilience. The disturbance of the ecosystem is most likely caused by the fact that the slight trend of re-oligotrophication beginning in the early 1990s was reversed in the mid-1990s due to increasing P loading. The share of cyanobacteria in phytoplankton biomass increased from 20% to 60% in L. Peipsi s.s., and from 30% to 90% in the southern parts of the lake in the summer months. The lake was characterized by massive cyanobacterial blooms. Potentially toxic genera (Microcystis, Aphanizomenon, Anabaena, Gloeotrichia) dominated, and the quantity of microcystins in the lake was relatively large. The biomass of phytoplankton increased whereas that of all zooplankton groups - cladocerans, copepods and rotifers - decreased. The most essential decline affected rotifers: their abundance was about 60% lower in 2001-2008 than in the 1990s. The biomass of copepods decreased almost 50% and that of cladocerans 34%. In parallel with changes in plankton, the fish composition of L. Peipsi was characterized by sharp decline of planktivorous smelt (Osmerus eperlanus eperlanus m. spirinchus Pallas) and vendace (Coregonus albula (L). The most likely causes of the changes seem to be mainly the anthropogenic P input, decreasing N:P ratio, cyanobacterial toxins, and changes in ichthyocoenosis. Our data from last decade demonstrate a kind of disturbance in the ecosystem of the lake as compared to the second half of last century. The disturbance of the ecosystem is most likely caused by the fact that the slight trend of re-oligotrophication beginning in the early 1990s was reversed in the mid-199s due to increasing P loading from southern part of lake watershed.

4

Species composition of testate amoebae (Protists) and environmental parameters in a Sphagnum peatland

Lamentowicz Ł., Gąbka M., Lamentowicz M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

749-759

EN

The research was made on the largest (ca 500 ha) peatland complex in the western Poland ("Chlebowo" mire) (N 52[degrees] 44'14.3" E 16[degrees]45'20.7"), that exists under considerable anthropogenic pressure. Species composition of testate amoebae in selected microhabitats was described. The fundamental environmental factors influencing the structure of assemblages were determined. Twenty four samples were taken from 10 sites (Sphagnum lawn, hollow and hummock) dominated by Sphagnum and brown mosses. Each of them was analysed in relation to its taxonomical composition. Nine environmental parameters (acidity (pH), conductivity colour, NH4[^+], NO3[^-], PO4[^3-], SO4[^2-], Ca[^2+] and [Mg[^2]) were measured in the field and laboratory. Thirty two testate amoebae species of 13 genera were identified within the 24 sites. In most of the sites species composition was dominated by Hyalosphenia papilio Leidy, Cyclopyxis arcelloides Leidy and Hyalosphenia elegans Leidy, however the most numerous were Amphitrema flavum Archer, Hyalosphenia papilio Leidy and Cyclopyxis arcelloides Leidy. The particular parameters, i.e. pH, depth to the water table (DWT) and So4[^2-] content significantly explained the species variability. Multivariate analyses showed that species tend to group especially along the pH gradient; to a smaller extent along the DWT and SO 4[^2-], together with pH.

5

Effect of patchy distribution of soil nutrients on root morphology and biomass allocation of selected grassland species: experimental approach

Zaller J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

731-746

EN

Nutrient distribution in natural habitats is usually patch in space and time, however most knowledge about plant growth and behaviour is based on experiments conducted under spatially homogenous conditions. Evidence has accumulated that the growth and competitive interaction of plant species are strongly affected by heterogeneous resource distribution, even when the total resource supply remains similar. For this study it is hypothesized that infestations of grasslands with the nitrophilous weed Rumex obtusifolius L. (broadleaved dock) are partially the consequence of its ability to exploit spatial nutrient heterogeneity. This was tested in a full-factorial pot experiment with homogeneously or heterogeneously distributed nitrogen and/or potassium at either normal or increased soil moisture where R. obtusifolius was grown together with three other grassland species (grass: Arrhenatherum elatius L., non-leguminous herb: Taraxacum officinale Weber, leguminous herb: Trifolium repens L.). The species differed significantly in their root morphology (root length and diameter, specific root length, number of root tips) and biomass allocation response to nutrient distribution, as well as to the nutrient type used to create patches and to soil moisture (e.g., significant species x treatment interactions). Generally, the root system of A. elatius showed the highest plasticity to imposed treatments, followed by T. officinale, R. obtusifolius and T. repens. Unexpectedly, root morphology of R. obtusifolius was unresponsive to soil heterogeneity and less responsive to nutrient type and irrigation than that of the other species. Nutrient type used to create patches influenced the biomass allocation to the root system of R. obtusifolius while nutrient distribution and irrigation showed no effect on biomass allocation. Exploitation of soil nitrate-nitrogen and potassium was similar among species but exploitation was individually affected by nutrient type, nutrient distribution and irrigation suggesting that species-specific differences in nutrient storage capacities in roots or adjustments regarding root nutrient uptake kinetics may play an important role. Results from this study show that R. obtusifolius does not seem to have superior traits to utilize soil nutrient heterogeneity, certain nutrient types or higher soil moisture that differentiates it from the other grassland species tested. The observed effects might have consequences for the long-term competitive relationships between species in the grassland community suggesting that cultural and biological management measures oriented towards the improvement of the competitive ability of co-occurring grassland species might also be important in heterogeneous soils.

6

Metody analityczne oznaczania makro- i mikroelementów oraz pierwiastków toksycznych w nawozach mineralnych, organiczno-mineralnych, organicznych oraz środkach wapnujących

Górecka B., Serafińska M., Wilkos G.

Chemik

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2003

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Vol. LVI, nr 11

352-357

PL

Omówiono metody badań nawozów mineralnych zamieszczonych w Rozporządzeniu Ministra Gospodarki dla nawozów, które wyszczególniono w załączniku do Ustawy oraz dla nawozów dopuszczanych do obrotu. Dodatkowo podano metody badań nawozów organiczno-mineralnych, organicznych oraz środków wapnujących.

EN

Procedures and principles connected with granting marketing permission for mineral, organic and organic mineral fertilizers according to the Act on Fertilizers and Fertilizers Application of 26.07.2000 (Dz.U. Nr 89, tem 991) are presented with emphasis on practical problems most often encountered by fertilizer producers and importers.