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1

Structure of Dominance among Tree Species in Relic Swiss Stone Pine (Pinus cembra L.) Forests in Tatra Mountains

Zięba Antoni, Różański Wojciech, Szwagrzyk Jerzy

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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Vol. 68, nr 2

159--171

EN

Pinus cembra forests are limited to the Alps and Carpathians. Although several studies regarding their structure were carried out in some locations in the Tatra Mts. it required further investigations. Therefore, the aims of this study were to describe the stand and shrub structure of P. cembra forests, compare their structure with the Picea abies forests and analyse differences between silicate and calcicolous P. cembra forests in the Tatra Mts. The data were collected on the 16 sampling plots (500 m2), in the Swiss stone pine and Norway spruce forests. We measured the diameter at breast height (dbh) of each tree and recorded the young trees and shrubs. In order to compare species composition between silicate and calcicolous P. cembra forests, we made 91 relevés in their entire range of distribution (917 ha). Furthermore, we examined the share of main tree species along the altitude and inclination gradients, using the GAM models. The tree density in the P. cembra forests reaches 618 stems per ha, whereas their basal area (BA) 23.17 m2 ha-1. Main tree species are P. cembra and P. abies. P. cembra dominates in the higher thickness classes. The BA and dbh structure varies significantly between P. cembra and P. abies forests. The most abundant juveniles are P. abies and Sorbus aucuparia. The differences between forests growing on different substrate are relatively low. The altitude has a significant impact on the share of P. cembra (increase) and P. abies (decrease). The inclination has a significant impact on the increase of share of P. cembra.

2

The spatial and temporal structure of phytoplankton in 2014-2016 in the Poddabie area on the southern Baltic Sea

Zaboroś I., Mioskowska M.

Biuletyn Instytutu Morskiego w Gdańsku

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2018

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Vol. 33, No. 1

189--203

EN

In the Baltic Sea, there can be observed seasonal changes of the phytoplankton structure during which the species composition, abundance and phytoplankton biomass change. However, the spatial and temporal variability of individual phytoplankton groups is not the same in all the regions of the Baltic. The only research (and available studies) of phytoplankton in these shallow central sea basin zones is conducted by Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMWM) as part of the HELCOM Baltic Sea Monitoring at station P16, which is located closest to the studied area. Therefore, in the years 2014-2016 phytoplankton seasonality studies were carried out, which allowed to supplement data in the area of the central coast of the south Baltic [61]. Based on the above literature, the aim of this study was to determine the temporal and spatial structure and to examine the species composition of phytoplankton occurrence and biodiversity in the Poddabie region from November 2014 till September 2016. The following article presents the results obtained at 3 measuring stations (P1, P2 and P3) in the area of Poddabie. These results confirm typical changes of phytoplankton on 3 measurement stations depending on the season of the year. The collected data for this article is the second part of the three monographs on the area on the central coast of the southern Baltic. It show the exact results of the species composition and seasonal changes of phytoplankton in the Poddabie region. The average values of phytoplankton abundance and biomass were typical for this sort of coastal waters and there were no significant species differences between these stations. Comparing the results obtained in this study with the data from the IMWM annual reports for the last decade, it can be noticed that the volumes and fluctuations of total biomass and phytoplankton abundance in the three analysed areas are in line with trends typical for the South Baltic coastal area.

PL

W Morzu Bałtyckim obserwuje się sezonowe zmiany struktury fitoplanktonu podczas której następuje zmiana składu gatunkowego, liczebności oraz biomasy fitoplanktonu. Jednakże przestrzenna i czasowa zmienność poszczególnych grup fitoplanktonu nie jest taka sama w różnych rejonach Bałtyku. Jedyne badania (oraz dostępne opracowania) fitoplanktonu w tych strefach płytkowodnych środkowego wybrzeża prowadzone są przez IMGW w ramach Monitoringu Bałtyku HELCOM na stacji P16, które są położenie najbliżej badanego rejonu. W tym celu w latach 2014-2016 wykonano badania sezonowości fitoplanktonu, co pozwoliło na uzupełnienie danych w obszarze środkowego wybrzeża południowego Bałtyku [61]. W oparciu o powyższą literaturę celem niniejszej pracy było określenie struktury czasowo-przestrzennej i zbadanie składu gatunkowego występowania fitoplanktonu oraz różnorodności biologicznej w rejonie Poddąbia w okresie listopad 2014 – wrzesień 2016. Poniższy artykuł przedstawia wyniki uzyskane na 3 stacjach pomiarowych (P1, P2 oraz P3) w rejonie Poddąbia. Wyniki te potwierdzają typowe zmiany fitoplanktonu na 3 stacjach pomiarowych w zależności od pory roku. Średnie wartości liczebności i biomasy fitoplanktonu były typowe dla tego rodzaju wód przybrzeżnych i nie odnotowano znaczących różnic gatunkowych pomiędzy tymi stacjami. Porównując otrzymane w tym opracowaniu wyniki do danych z rocznych raportów IMGW dla ostatniego dziesięciolecia, można zauważyć, że wielkości i fluktuacje całkowitej biomasy i liczebności fitoplanktonu w trzech badanych rejonach są zgodne z trendami typowymi dla rejonu wód przybrzeżnych Południowego Bałtyku.

3

Black Cherry (Prunus serotina) Invasion in a Scots Pine Forest : Relationships between Soil Properties and Vegetation

Halarewicz A., Pruchniewicz D., Kawałko D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

295--302

EN

Prunus serotina Ehrh. is a rapidly expanding invasive in European temperate forests, threatening native species biodiversity. Three alternative models, ‘the passenger’, ‘the driver’, and ‘the opportunist’ were used to determine the interactions between the invasive species, the native community, and features of the habitat. To assess the relationships between soil properties and species composition of a Scots pine forest invaded by P. serotina, we randomly selected twelve research plots in each of four stands in the south-western part of Poland. We used the phytosociological relevé method and determined selected soil properties (total nitrogen, organic carbon, and pH value) in the organic and humus horizons. Based on redundancy analysis, we determined that selected soil properties explained 38% of the total variation in species composition of the Scots pine forest with P. serotina, indicating that community interactions followed the ‘passenger’ model. At the same time, we found that P. serotina invaded via the ‘driver’ model, since the decrease in soil C:N ratio correlated with black cherry presence, and showed a significant impact on the floristic diversity in the invaded phytocenoses. We conclude that soil parameters seem to facilitate the invasion of P. serotina, and comprise the consequences of this process.

4

Seed banks and forest recruitment after disturbance: the composition and abundance of seed after clear-cut of stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) plantations

Arduini I., Orlandi C., Mariotti M., Masoni A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 3

457--470

EN

Seed banks play a key role in the recruitment of forest vegetation after severe disturbance, but can originate an undesired plant community. Thus, investigations on seed bank structure, and early changes occurring after clear cut, are of primary interest for sustainable forest management. Researches were carried out in two mature stone pine (Pinus pinea L.) plantations located in Tuscany (Italy), along the Mediterranean coast. Soil samples were collected in March, July and October of the 2nd and 3rd year after clear-cut, in cut strips and adjacent intact stands. Seed bank size and composition were evaluated through the number of seedlings and species emerged from soil samples. Intact plantations differed in seed bank richness and composition, but not in abundance that was approximately 1,200 seeds m-2. Clear-cut doubled seed density in soil, did not change seed bank richness, and affected markedly composition. Seed banks of cut strips were richer in annual and open space species, and poorer in perennial, forest and disturbed sites species. Seeds of Erica scoparia dominated the seed bank, with a relative abundance of 60% in intact stands and 43% in cut strips. Proportion of annual seeds was slightly less than 20% in intact stands, but increased up to 50% after clear-cut. Between the 2nd and 3rd year from clear-cut, the proportion of seeds from species typical of stone pine forests decreased, while that of non-forest species and aliens increased. The scarcity of seeds from most forest species and the lack of tree seeds make the recruitment of understorey vegetation from seed banks critical. In addition, the increased seed density of alien and disturbed site species in intact seed banks with time from clear-cut, suggests that disturbance caused by cutting in narrow strips threatens the integrity of intact plantations.

5

Soil seed bank and extant vegetation of a dry valley

Li Y., Bao W., Wu N.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 3

507-522

EN

Although crucial for guiding vegetation improvement efforts, soil seed bank (SSB) and extant vegetation (EV) in dry valleys remains poorly understood. A germination method and field surveys were applied to address this problem and investigate the characteristics of SSB and corresponding EV of eight sites across the dry Minjiang River valley in Southwest China. Furthermore, the relationships between SSB and EV were compared to provide guidance for vegetation enhancement. Eight sites were classified into two groups - central and transitional sites that differ according to moisture conditions. Seed density and species richness in SSB were lower in less moist central sites compared with those in more moist transitional sites of the valley as well as the coverage of the community. Moreover, species richness and litter thickness were lower in central sites. Comparing SSB strategies of species from eight sites, transient strategy was the most frequently observed category, followed by short-term persistent and long-term persistent strategies. In terms of both SSB and EV, the most abundant life forms were hemicryptophytes, intermediate phanerophytes, and therophytes, whereas less abundant were chamaephytes and cryptophytes. Low Sorenson.s similarity indices (22.32%) and significantly negative Kendall.s correlation in species composition indicate that species composition of SSB was not closely related to corresponding EV for each of the eight sites. Low seed density, especially the lack of viable dominant shrub seeds, dominant transient SSB strategy species, and low correspondence in species composition between SSB and EV imply that the potential for vegetation enhancement in the dry valley is weak, particularly in less moist central sites. To preserve the good EV of more moist transitional sites and introduce seeds of dominant species to improve poor EV in central sites, EV is likely to be a feasible standard for improving vegetation in dry valleys.

6

Factors shaping a breeding bird community along an urbanization gradient : 26-year study in medium size city (Lublin, SE Poland)

Biaduń W., Żmihorski M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

381-389

EN

We investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of a breeding bird community in the urbanized landscape of Lublin city (150 km2, 0.5 million inhabitants, SE Poland). We conducted 211 separate territory mapping surveys during 26 years (1982-2007) in 24 green areas (0.2-30.1 ha in size), distributed along an urbanization gradient. We recorded a total of 16,151 territories of 65 species. According to the estimated species richness, we detected all the species present in the studied plots. The three species community indices (species richness, Shannon-Wiener index and abundance - number of breeding pairs in census plot) increased with increasing tree stand age and area of the site, while it decreased as the proportion of biologically inactive areas increased. The three indices showed significant negative trends as the study period progressed. The mean decreasing rate was 0.2 species and 2.3 territories per year. Distance to the city centre and understorey cover negatively affected bird abundance, while they positively affected species richness and the Shannon index. Tree stand age seems to be the most important of the three indices among the analyzed explanatory variables. Our results show that the diversity of breeding avifauna in an urbanized landscape can be significantly shaped by the proper management of vegetation and size of green areas in the city. The long term decline of the three diversity indices seems to be the most important outcome of our study and requires further research and monitoring.

7

Zmiany składu gatunkowego, plonowanie oraz bilanse azotu łąki trwałej ekologicznej

Ducka M., Barszczewski J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 56, nr 3

65-70

PL

Badania prowadzono w latach 2006-2009 na doświadczeniu łanowym na łące trwałej, w warunkach grądu właściwego na czarnej ziemi zdegradowanej. Porównywano efekty nawożenia nawozami mineralnymi (PK) oraz obornikiem i gnojówką na poziomie pierwszym 60 kg N ź ha-? i drugim 90 kg N ź ha-?. Stwierdzono, że stosowane sposoby nawożenia, przyczyniły się do wzrostu udziału traw, a spadku udziału ziół i chwastów na wszystkich poziomach nawożenia. Wśród traw dominowały: wiechlina łąkowa (Poa pratensis L.), wyczyniec łąkowy (Alopecurus pratensis L.), życica wielkokwiatowa (Lolium multiflorum L.), życica trwała (Lolium perenne L.), kostrzewa łąkowa (Festuca pratensis L.), kostrzewa trzcinowa (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), kupkówka pospolita (Dactylis glomerata L.), rajgras wyniosły (Arrhenatherum elatius P.B.), stokłosa prosta (Bromus erectus Huds.), perz właściwy (Elymus repens (L.) Gould), wiechlina zwyczajna (Poa trivialis L.). Udział motylkowatych w największym stopniu zwiększył się na obiekcie, na którym nie stosowano nawożenia azotem (PK). Odnotowano zmniejszenie się udziału mniszka pospolitego (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg.) na wszystkich obiektach doświadczenia. Najmniejsze roczne plony suchej masy uzyskano na obiekcie nawożonym wyłącznie fosforem i potasem. Nawożenie łąki gnojówką bydlęcą, na obu poziomach zarówno na N-60, jak i N-90 wykazało znacznie większy efekt plonotwórczy w porównaniu ze stosowanym obornikiem. Bilanse azotu wykazały duże ujemne jego salda na wszystkich badanych obiektach, a najbardziej niekorzystne ich wartości stwierdzono przy nawożeniu wyłącznie fosforem i potasem. Przy nawożeniu obornikiem i gnojówką zwłaszcza na drugim ich poziomie notowano mniej ujemne salda bilansowe.

EN

During the years 2006-2009 the study on the production experiment located on permanent meadow, in conditions of proper dray-ground meadow on black degraded soil was conducted. The effects of fertilization with mineral fertilisers (PK), solid manure and liquid manure at two levels: 60 kg N ha -? and 90 kg N ha -? was compared. It was found that the applied fertilisation contributed to the increase in the grass proportion, a drop in the share of herbs and weeds at both levels of fertilization. The dominant grasses were: Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.), annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.), tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), tall oatgrass (Arrhenatherum elatius PB), erect brome (Bromus erectus Huds.), quackgrass (Elymus repens (L.) Gould), rough bluegrass (Poa trivialis L.). The increase of legumes share was the greatest on object without nitrogen fertilisation (PK). For all experimental objects a decline in the share of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale FH Wigg.) was noted. The smallest annual dry matter yields in the objects only with phosphorus and potassium fertilisation were obtained. Fertilisation of meadow with liquid manure, at both levels (N-60 and N-90) showed significantly higher yielding effect than solid manure. The N balance showed large negative results on all experimental objects and the most negative values were found in case of fertilisation only with phosphorus and potassium. When solid manure and liquid manure were applied and particular on the second N level, they reported less negative results.

8

Yak (Bos grunniens L.) grazing effects on vegetation of alpine meadow with Potentilla fruticosa L. (Rosaceae) shrub in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Qiao Y., Wang Q., Wang W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 4

769-777

EN

Grazing can change plant community composition and structure, which may alter the functions of the shrub meadow ecosystem. Grazing effects on Potentilla fruticosa shrub community in the headwater region of the Yellow River, which is in core area of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, are studied to provide adequate protection decision-making. We investigated continuous grazing and seasonal enclosure effects on P. fruticosa shrub communities. Three sites of P. fruticosa shrub comprising both continuous grazing and seasonal enclosure treatments were selected. The size of each fenced plot of P. fruticosa shrub was about 3000 m2, the stocking rate was about 5 heads per 100 m2 in continuous grazing treatment. Three samplings were made in each growing season of 2003 and 2004. Cover of vegetation, plant species composition and vegetation height were investigated in seven 1 x 1 m quadrates in each treatment. Above-ground biomass was measured in five 0.5 x 0.5 m quadrates. Shrub, forb, graminoid and sedge plant materials were clipped at ground level and oven-dried at 85[degrees] C to a constant mass. Plant composition was affected by long term continuous grazing and changes were caused by forb species shifting. No apparent difference in species richness between the grazed and ungrazed communities over the growing months were found but the Shannon's diversity indices of the grazed communities in June and July were higher than that of the ungrazed but lower in the late August and September. Live vegetation cover was reduced by 6.7%, 7.3% and 11.5%, respectively, owing to grazing in July, August and September, but not in June (P> 0.05). Forbs took up more than 50% cover of the vegetation in both grazed and ungrazed treatments. Relative cover of sedges and forbs in ungrazed treatment decreased in July, August and September, while that of graminoids increased more than 70% in the same period. Live vegetation height was reduced by 27% (2004) and 23% (2003) in late August and early September, but not in early growing season. Grazing reduced total above-ground biomass by 35%, 37% and 36% in July, August and early September, respectively, and the reduction was mainly in forb biomass. Continuous grazing affects plant composition and species diversity. The quantitative characteristics of P. fruticosa communities were influenced by grazing over growing months, but the effects were offset by non-growing season grazing.

9

The effect of environmental conditions on surface water quality in the Zimnik and Czyrna catchments of the Beskid Śląski

Małek S., Krakowian K.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2009

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no. 13a

205-223

EN

The study was carried out in the year 2004 in the Zimnik and Czyrna catchments situated on opposite slopes of Skrzyczne in the Beskid Śląski Mts. Water samples collected from streams during three sampling sessions were analysed. The first session was carried out during snowmelt (April/May), the second during intensive rainfall in the vegetation season (June) and the third - during low water level (October). A data set consisting of conductivity, water pH, concentrations of major anions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) and cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) was produced and waters were then classified according to Polish standards (years 2002 and 2004). Chemical composition of stream waters depended on physical and geological properties of drainage areas and on seasonal changes of water level in the catchment. Water class depended also on precipitation and on forest type. It was found that water from most sampling points in streams was unfit for drinking - 66 out of collected 89 samples were beyond the first A1 category and the main reason for that was too low pH and high concentrations of NH4+ and NO3-. During intensive rainfall in the vegetation season higher washing out of cations was observed from beech and multispecies forest stands than from spruce stands, which partly neutralized water pH and in consequence improved water quality. This phenomenon should be considered while afforesting streams neighborhoods where water is or will be used as a source of drinking water.

PL

Badania zostały przeprowadzone w 2004 roku w zlewniach Zimnika i Czyrnej leżących na przeciwległych stokach Skrzycznego w Beskidzie Śląskim. Analizie poddano wody pobrane z potoków podczas trzech sesji pomiarowych. Pierwsza odbyła się podczas roztopów śniegu (kwiecień/maj), druga sesja w trakcie intensywnych opadów deszczu w okresie wegetacji (czerwiec), trzecia przy niskim stanie wód (październik). Analizowano odczyn i przewodność elektrolityczną, oraz stężenie anionów (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-) i kationów (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+). Wyniki poddano klasyfikacji wód pitnych wg polskich norm (z 2002 i 2004 r.). Skład chemiczny wód powierzchniowych zależy od fizycznych i geologicznych właściwości utworów budujących zlewnie. Przynależność wód do klasy zależy również od wystąpienia i rodzaju opadów atmosferycznych oraz składu gatunkowego. Stwierdzono niezdatność dużej części badanych wód do picia - 66 z 89 pobranych prób znajdowało się poza klasa A1, głównie ze względu na niski ich odczyn oraz wysokie stężenie NH4+ i NO3-. W drzewostanach bukowych i wielogatunkowych zaobserwowano znacząco większe niż w świerkowych wymywanie kationów podczas intensywnych opadów deszczu, co w pewnym stopniu neutralizowało odczyn wód a tym samym podnosiło jakość wód. Ten fakt powinien być brany pod uwagę przy zalesianiu terenów źródliskowych i sąsiadujących z potokami w obszarach, gdzie wody te wykorzystywane są lub będą w przyszłości, jako dodatkowe ujęcia wód pitnych.

10

Dynamika plonowania wieloletnich doświadczeń łąkowych

Barszczewski J.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2006

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T. 6, z. spec.

119-131

PL

Badania prowadzono na dwóch wieloletnich doświadczeniach łąkowych w Jankach i Laszczkach (na glebach różniących się składem granulometrycznym, zawartością węgla organicznego i wartością pH) oraz na doświadczeniu na łące trwałej deszczowanej w Falentach o zróżnicowanym nawożeniu. Dokonano oceny ich dynamiki plonowania. Wieloletnie badania na doświadczeniach nawożonych saletrą amonową (w Jankach i Laszczkach) wyraźnie wskazują na większe plony w Laszczkach. Dynamika plonowania na obiektach obu tych doświadczeń nawożonych saletrą wapniową była podobna, plony różniły się jednak wielkością. W omawianym wieloleciu na doświadczeniach w Jankach kilkakrotnie uzyskano plonotwórczy efekt wapnowania. Plonowanie w kolejnych etapach na doświadczeniu w Falentach było zdecydowanie większe w trakcie trzykośnego użytkowania. Przyczyn spadku plonowania w drugim etapie należy upatrywać w zwiększeniu udziału w runi mniszka pospolitego (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) i zmniejszeniu udziału wysokich gatunków traw. W warunkach deszczowania stwierdzono dobre wykorzystanie potencjału produkcyjnego łąki, niezależnie od formy nawożenia.

EN

The study on the dynamics of yielding was carried out in two long term experiments in Janki and Laszczki (differing in the soil composition, organic carbon content and pH) and in the experiment in Falenty with diverse fertilisation of permanent meadow irrigated by sprinkling. Long term study in experiments (in Janki and Laszczki) fertilised with ammonium nitrate clearly showed higher values of yields in Laszczki. The dynamics of yielding on objects fertilised with calcium nitrate showed similar tendency but the yields differed. In described long term experiment in Janki the yield forming effect of liming was obtained several times. Yielding in subsequent stages of the experiment in Falenty was definitely higher under 3-cut utilisation. Decreased yielding in the second stage was caused by increasing contribution of Tara-xacum officinale F.H. Wigg and decreased share of tall grass species in the sward. Regardless of the form of fertilisation the productive potential of meadows irrigated by sprinkling was well utilized.

11

Różnorodność gatunkowa użytkowanych i nieużytkowanych łąk w dolinie rzeki górskiej - Bystrzycy Dusznickiej

Żyszkowska M.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2004

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T. 4, z. 2b

161-174

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wpływ użytkowania rolniczego na skład gatunkowy roślinności terenów zadarnionych i ich różnorodność biologiczną w dolinie Bystrzycy Dusznickiej, położonej w Kotlinie Kłodzkiej w Sudetach Środkowych. Porównano powierzchnie użytkowane i nieużytkowane. W wyniku badań określono przynależność fitosocjologiczną zbiorowisk, bogactwo gatunkowe, różnorodność gatunkową i wartość użytkową roślinności. Skład gatunkowy określono za pomocą zdjęć fitosocjologicznych (288) wykonanych metodą Brauna-Blanqueta, bogactwo gatunkowe - na podstawie liczby gatunków występujących na powierzchniach badawczych, różnorodność gatunkową - za pomocą wskaźnika Shannona-Weavera (Kryszak, 2001; Magurran, 1988), a wartość użytkową gatunków traw i dwuliściennych - zgodnie z ogólnie przyjętymi kryteriami (Filipek, 1973: Moraczewski, 1986). Stwierdzono, że większość zbiorowisk występujących w badanej dolinie należy do klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea. Prawie wszystkie zbiorowiska charakteryzowały się niezbyt dużą liczbą gatunków na powierzchniach próbnych, jednak można stwierdzić, że na powierzchniach użytkowanych było ich więcej. Nie stwierdzono wyraźnych różnic wskaźnika różnorodności między zbiorowiskami użytkowanymi i nieużytkowanymi. Użytkowane powierzchnie charakteryzowały się większą liczbą wartościowych gospodarczo gatunków roślin. Na nieużytkowanych zaobserwowano naloty drzew i krzewów.

EN

The effect is presented of agricultural land use on species composition of grasslands and their biodiversity in the Bystrzyca Dusznicka valley situated in Kłodzko Valley in the Middle Sudeten. Cultivated and uncultivated grounds were compared. Studies of vegetation included syntaxonomy of communities, species richness, biodiversity and practical values of vegetation. Species composition was determined with phytosociological releves made with the Braun-Blanquet method. Species richness was expressed as the number of species on studied plots. Species diversity was calculated with the Shannon-Weaver index and practical value of grasses and dicotyledons was estimated according to common criteria. Most communities in the valley were found to belong to the class Molinio- -Arrhenatheretea. Almost all communities were characterised by a moderate number of species though the numbers were higher on cultivated plots. No significant differences were found in the diversity index between cultivated and uncultivated communities. The former had a greater number of economically valuable plant species. Invasion of trees and shrubs was observed on uncultivated plots.

12

Oribatid fauna (acari: Oribatida) of abandoned galena-calamine wastelands

Skubała P.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2003

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Vol. 29, no. 2

67--75

EN

The recapitulation of the investigations on oribatid mite fauna carried out at various kinds of abandoned galena-calamine wastelands in the south of Poland is presented. Soil samples were collected at nine sites in three regions of zinc-lead mining. In total, 24267 oribatid individuals belonging to 160 species were analyzed. The sites differing in the period of ceasing exploitation, species composition of plants and their stage of succession were chosen. The abundance and species richness of oribatid mites were generally higher on afforested sites and sites of older origin. The abundance of oribatids noted on wastelands was generally lower than in most natural or semi-natural biotopes. Surprisingly, the species richness on afforested waste lands was higher than in many natural forest biotopes. With regard to species similarity, the oribatid communities have been grouped due to localities instead of been organized due to the type of wastelands or vegetation. Correspondence analysis (CA) indicated that certain species of Oribatida preferentially occurred in a certain type of wastelands. Species characteristic of afforested new and old or unforested wastelands were distinguished. The biodiversity of oribatid fauna on galena-calamine wastelands was high with many new species for the Polish fauna. Some of them were recorded only from a few localities in the world.

PL

W pracy zaprezentowano podsumowanie wyników badań nad fauną mechowców (Oribatida) prowadzonych na różnego typu nieużytkach galeno-galmanowych w Polsce południowej. Próby glebowe pobierano na 9 stanowiskach usytuowanych w trzech rejonach górnictwa rud cynku i ołowiu. W pracy analizowano materia! obejmujący ogółem 24267 osobników z rzędu Oribatida należących do 160 gatunków. Analizowane stanowiska różniły się okresem kiedy zaprzestano na nich eksploatację, składem gatunkowym roślinności i stopniem jej sukcesji. Zagęszczenie i bogactwo gatunkowe mechowców (Oribatida) było wyższe na zalesionych stanowiskach i stanowiskach wcześniej ukształtowanych. Zagęszczenie Oribatida na nieużytkach było ogólnie niższe niż w wielu naturalnych czy sem i-naturalnych biotopach. Godnym podkreślenia jest fakt, że bogactwo gatunkowe roztoczy na zalesionych stanowiskach warpii byto wyższe niż w wielu naturalnych lasach. W analizie klasterowej wyróżniono dwie grupy zgrupowań Oribatida na "młodych" i "slarych" nieużytkach galeno-galmanowych. Ponadto zauważono, że charakter zadrzewień (liściaste lub iglaste) nie wpływał na grupowanie się zespołów mechowców. W oparciu o analizę korespondencji (CA) wyróżniono gatunki charakterystyczne dla poszczególnych typów galeno-galmanowych nieużytków. Występowały gatunki charakterystyczne dla zalesionych nowych nieużytków, warpii oraz roztocze typowe dla nieużytków niezalesio-nych. Bioróżnorodność fauny mechowców odnotowanych na badanych stanowiskach należy ocenić jako bardzo wysoką. Wystąpiło tutaj 15 gatunków nowych dla fauny Polski, niektóre z nich znane są tylko ; pojedynczych stanowisk w świecie.