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1

Diagnostyka w technice DXA – wybrane zagadnienia

Sobczyk Joanna, Pusz-Sapa Aleksandra

Inżynier i Fizyk Medyczny

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2021

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Vol. 10, nr 1

45--50

PL

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to absorpcjometria o podwójnej energii, która stanowi „złoty standard” w diagnostyce i monitorowaniu osteoporozy, umożliwiając ocenę gęstości kości. Pozwala także dokonać analizy składu ciała, oszacować prawdopodobieństwo złamań kości oraz określić ich architekturę. W polskich warunkach DXA jest wciąż rzadko wykonywanym badaniem o niewykorzystanych możliwościach diagnostycznych. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie techniki badania i możliwości diagnostycznych DXA.

EN

DXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) is a dual-energy absorptiometry that is currently used to measure bone mineral density. It is the gold standard in the diagnosis and monitoring of osteoporosis. It also allows analyzing body composition, estimating the likelihood of bone fractures and determining their architecture. In Polish conditions, DXA is still a rarely performed diagnostic method and unrealized diagnostic possibilities. The purpose of the work is to present the diagnostic capabilities and examination technique of DXA.

2

Body composition and specific and general strength indices as predictors of 100-m front crawl performance

Strzała Marek, Stanula Arkadiusz, Krężałek Piotr, Sadowski Wojciech, Wilk Robert, Pałka Tomasz, Sokołowski Kamil, Radecki-Pawlik Artur

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2020

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Vol. 22, no. 4

51--60

EN

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of body composition on the anaerobic ability to generate strength and power produced separately by upper and lower limbs during dry-land and in-water (propulsion force) tests. Further examination included the influence of all gathered anaerobic strength indices on the results of 100-m front crawl race. Methods: The study involved 26 male swimmers (age: 19.8 ± 2.48 years). Fat-free mass, total body water and muscle mass of arms, legs, and trunk were measured. Dry-land average work, maximal power generated in 40-second arm-cranking test, and work generated in 20 countermovement jumps were evaluated. The forces generated separately by arms and legs were assessed during 40-second tethered swimming. All indices of body composition were found strongly correlated with indices of average work and maximal power generated by arms and legs in dryland tests. Results: Muscle mass of arms and trunk moderately and strongly (r = 0.44–0.64) influenced the force generated by arms in tethered swimming. There was no significance in the relationship of leg muscle mass and force generated by legs in tethered swimming. Significant relationships were observed between the results of the 100-m front crawl and the muscle mass of the arms, trunk, legs, as well as the average work and maximal power in the arm-cranking test (r: 0.39–0.54). The average impulse of arm force and maximal leg force in tethered swimming moderately and significantly correlated with 100-m swimming results. Conclusions: The study concludes the relevance of developing muscle mass balanced to the body size, which is involved in propulsion force production in sprint front crawl swimming.

3

Anthropometric and strength profiles of professional handball players in relation to their playing position – multivariate analysis

Lijewski Marcin, Burdukiewicz Anna, Pietraszewska Jadwiga, Stachoń Aleksandra, Andrzejewska Justyna, Chromik Krystyna

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2019

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Vol. 21, no. 4

147--155

EN

In team sports, the varied levels of physical demand associated with different field positions are reflected in the morphofunctional features of the players. The aim of this work was to recognize how the playing position in the team depends on the anthropometric profiles and the strength level of professional handball players. Methods: A body mass, stature, lower and upper extremity length, circumferences and skinfolds were measured in the male professional athletes. The body composition was analysed using a bioelectrical impedance method. Additionally, hand grip and back strength were measured. A statistical analysis was carried out using routinely statistic methods and principal component analysis. Results: Pivot players usually have the most athletic figure in terms of size and weight and relatively short legs. The backs are characterized by the android body type and low subcutaneous fat content, and a large mass of body cells. The backs and pivots have the same strength of back and hand grip. Goalkeepers have relatively long upper and lower limbs and high back and hand grip strength. The wingers are usually slender, have medium length limbs, low body fat percentage, significant extracellular mass and the lowest muscle strength. Conclusions: The results of the multivariate analysis were a notable and valuable addition to the study of morphological and strength differences in a group quite homogeneous like a handball team. The principal component analysis allowed for a reduction of the multidimensional structure to three variables describing body massiveness, strength, and the length and height aspect of the body.

4

Relationship of maximal isometric torque produced in flexors and extensors rate to technique by judo athletes

Sterkowicz S., Lech G., Sterkowicz-Przybycień K., Chwała W., Ambroży T., Pałka T.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 2

65--71

EN

Purpose: Development of strength is one of essential elements of motor preparation of judo athletes. The aim this study was to examine the influence of body composition and the joint torques on successful performance of various judo techniques. Methods: Twentyfive judo athletes participated in 175 judo bouts, which were video-recorded during the All-Polish competitions. Biomechanical classification of technical actions was used. The age and athletic experience of the subjects were 18 and 8.8 years, respectively. Their body height was 179.4 cm (Martin’s type anthropometer) and body mass was 80.3 kg (Sartorius F 1505 – DZA scales). Percentage of fat (10.6%) was estimated using skinfold result measurements. BMI (24.9 kgm–2), fat-free mass index (21.9 kgm–2) and fat mass index (3.0 kgm–2) were calculated. Maximum torques measured under static conditions were evaluated 2–3 days after the tournament. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were conducted ( p  0.05). Results: Balancing of maximum torques in the muscles of the pelvic and illiac regions caused more frequent performance of physical lever-type throwing techniques, compared to couple of force-type throwing techniques. A negative correlation was found between body fat and value of force recorded for knee flexors and between the frequency of using techniques during groundwork and torques measured in hip extensors. High correlation of fat-free mass index and relative elbow flexor torque was found. Conclusions: The relationship between body composition and frequency of techniques used in a tournament, and joint torques developed by athletes were found.

5

Pulsed electro-magnetic joint lubrication therapy aided with the run-walk

Wierzcholski K.

Tribologia

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2017

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nr 5

109--115

EN

The topic of the presented paper concerns a new idea of therapy of human joint diseases, using pulsed electromagnetic lubrication treatment implemented by the run and walk training. Here, the thesis is proved that the pulse-electro-magnetic lubrication connected with the run-walk training increases energy burn, metabolism and it finally leads to the betterment of the performed therapy. The research performed in this paper is realized using the following devices: 1st apparatus generates Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Field (PEMF),2nd device produces Magnet-Tronic Field (MF-8), 3rd apparatus creates Multi Tronic activities (MT-3), 4th device delivers and resolves the Segmental Body Composition Analysis (SBCA), 5th is the electronic pedometer. Moreover in presented research are applied the author's experience gained in German research institutes and practical results of measurements and information from students, patients. The betterments of results obtained during the pulsed electro- magneto-therapy of the typical human cartilage diseases applying proper field shapes, frequencies, inductions and time durations, indicate the necessity of simultaneous training efforts in the form of run and walk to satisfy the best effects after performed treatments.

PL

Tematem niniejszej pracy jest nowa idea terapii chorób stawowych człowieka polegająca na smarowaniu pulsującym polem elektromagnetycznym w połączeniu z treningiem biegu i chodu. Wykazuje się tezę o udoskonaleniu terapii zwiększającej przemianę materii wraz z energią spalania cellulitu poprzez pulsujące elektromagnetyczne smarowanie połączone z treningiem biegu i chodu. W badaniach eksperymentalnych wykorzystuje się następujące przyrządy i materiały: PEMF Magcell-Arthro przyrząd elektroniczny do zabiegów chrząstki stawowej, Analizator Tanita MC 780U do pomiaru składu ciała, krokomierz Garmin ltd 2015, doświadczenie autora zdobyte w niemieckich instytutach badawczych, a także wywiady lekarskie od pacjentów i studentów. Doskonalenie rezultatów uzyskanych podczas pulsującej elektromagnetycznej terapii typowych schorzeń chrząstki stawowej człowieka dla właściwych kształtów, częstotliwości i indukcji pola oraz czasu zabiegu wskazuje na konieczność jednoczesnego wysiłku treningowego w formie biegania lub chodu umożliwiającego uzyskanie optymalnych rezultatów zabiegu.

6

The biomechanical characteristics of elite deaf and hearing female soccer players: comparative analysis

Szulc A. M., Buśko K., Sandurska E., Kołodziejczyk M.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 4

127--133

EN

The aim of this study was to examine the differences in body composition, strength and power of lower limbs, height of jump measured for the akimbo counter movement jumps, counter movement jump and spike jumps between deaf and hearing elite female soccer players. Methods: Twenty deaf (age: 23.7 ± 5.0 years, hearing loss: 96 ± 13.9 dB) and 25 hearing (age: 20.3 ± 3.8 years) participated in the study. Their WHR and BMI were calculated. Body fat was measured using the BIA method. The maximal power and height of jump were measured by force plate. Biodex dynamometer was used to evaluate isokinetic isometric strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps. Results: Significant differences between hearing and deaf soccer players in anthropometric values were for the waist and calf circumferences and the WHR index ( p < 0.01, effect size 0.24–0.79). Statistically significant differences were observed for flexion of the lower limb in the knee joint for the relative joint torque and relative power obtained for the angular velocity of 300 degˑs–1 for both lower limbs (p < 0.01, effect size 0.19–0.48) and for 180 degˑs–1 during flexion of the left limb (p = 0.02, effect size 0.13). The hearing female football players developed significantly greater MVC in all the cases. Statistically significant differences between deaf and hearing athletes were found for spike jump for maximal power (1828.6 ± 509.4 W and 2215.2 ± 464.5 W, respectively; p = 0.02, effect size 0.14). Conclusions: Hearing impairment does not limit the opportunities for development of physical fitness in the population of deaf women.

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Lokalne i ogólnoustrojowe zmiany zawartości tłuszczu pod wpływem ćwiczeń mięśni brzucha metodą gigant-serii

Dąbrowski D., Ochmann B.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2012

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Vol. 18, nr 4

234--236

PL

Celem pracy była ocena wpływu ćwiczeń mięśni brzucha realizowanych metodą gigant-serii na lokalne i ogólnoustrojowe zmiany zawartości tłuszczu. Badaniu poddano zawodników Muay Thai (boks tajski) i kulturystyki (n = 20). Wiek badanych wynosił od 18 do 33 lat, staż zawodniczy od 1 do 8 lat. Badania wykonano przed rozpoczęciem programu treningowego i po 30 dniach treningu. Do pomiaru całkowitej procentowej zawartości tkanki tłuszczowej w organizmie oraz lokalnej tkanki tłuszczowej zastosowano analizator składu ciała FUTREX-5500A/ZL. Pomiary grubości fałdów skórno-tłuszczowych wykonano za pomocą tkankomierza. W wyniku badań stwierdzono, że seria ćwiczeń mięśni brzucha przy wysokim poziomie otłuszczenia trzewnego, realizowanych metodą gigant serii nie obniży go, a jedynie spowoduje wzrost siły i wytrzymałości mięśni brzucha.

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of abdominal giant set workout on local and systemic changes of fat content. The study group consisted of 20 male athletes training Muay Thai and body building. The age of the subjects was 18-33 years, the training experience was 1-8 years. The measurements were taken before the beginning of the abdominal giant set workout and after 30 days. The FUTREX-5500A/ZL analyzer was used to measure the body fat and the local adipose tissue composition. The measurement of skinfolds thickness was done by means of skinfold calipers HARPENDEN C-136. As a result of examinations it was affirmed that abdominal giant set workout, by high level of visceral fat content, shall not decrease it, but only influent the increase of the strength and endurance od abdominal muscles.

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Dynamika zmian temperatury ciał u kobiet pod wpływem krioterapii ogólnoustrojowej. Doniesienie wstępne

Sobiech K., Skrzek A., Dębiec-Bąk A., Gruszka K., Socha M., Jonak W.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2009

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Vol. 15, nr 4

315-318

PL

Od 1989 r. prowadzone są w ośrodku wrocławskim badania nad zastosowaniem temperatur kriogenicznych w rehabilitacji i odnowie biologicznej. W obecnej pracy analizowano zmiany zachodzące w różnych obszarach ciała w czasie 10-dniowej kuracji. Grupę badawczą stanowiły kobiety w wieku ok. 55 lat, skierowane na zabiegi krioterapii (kriostymulacji) ogólnoustrojowej. Na podstawie badań antropometrycznych określono dwie grupy badanych; grupę A o normalnej masie ciała oraz grupę B z nadwagą (BMI – body mass index) i otyłością (WHR – waist to hip ratio). Termowizyjna analiza temperatury poszczególnych obszarów ciała przed i bezpośrednio po zabiegu wykazała zależność pomiędzy składem ciała a zmianami temperatur w kolejnych dniach zabiegowych. Przedstawione wyniki są badaniami wstępnymi i stanowią fragment badań dotyczących dynamiki zmian rozkładu temperatury w zabiegach krioterapeutycznych.

EN

The cryogenic temperatures are used in the Wroclaw centre from 1989. In this work, changes of temperature distribution in various body areas during a 10-day treatment, were analyzed. Women in age of about 55 were exposed to the systemic cryotherapy (cryostimulation). On the basis of anthropometric measurements two sub-groups were defined; group A – with normal body mass and group B comprising of overweight subjects (BMI – body mass index) and subjects with obesity (WHR – waist to hip ratio). Thermo-visual analysis of chosen body areas before and directly after the treatment revealed correlation between body composition and temperature changes after cryotherapy. Presented results of the preliminary study are the fragment of more extended examination of the dynamics of temperature changes in course of cryotherapeutic treatment.