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Comparative Effects of Aquaculture and Water Level Fluctuations on Macroinvertebrate Communities in Three Gorges Reservoir, China

Chi S., Zheng Z., Zhang Z., Hu J., Zheng J., Zhao X., Hu J., Dong F., Peng J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

390--404

EN

In this study, the comparative effects of the two disturbances (aquaculture and water level fluctuations) on macroinvertebrate communities were explored in two waterbodies connected with the reservoir system of Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) in China. One water body called Gaoyang Bay which suffered organic pollution from intensive aquaculture. Another named Hanfeng Lake, where the effects of water-level fluctuations are obvious. The results showed that aquaculture could significantly affect the chemical forms of nutrients, decrease the α-diversity and increase the β-diversity of macroinvertebrates although the communities in the treatment area in Gaoyang Bay were not fundamentally changed comparing to the control area in the same bay. The densities of macroinvertebrates in the treatment area were significantly lower than that of the control area. The composition of functional feeding groups in the treatment area was close to that in Hanfeng Lake, but obviously different from that in the control area in Gaoyang Bay and the collectors and predators dominated the communities in this control area with the highest percentages. Although water-level fluctuations had negative effects on the communities by decreasing the α-diversity and increasing the β-diversity, which were confirmed by the values of Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index and Harrison's index in the control area of Gaoyang bay and Hanfeng Lake, the adverse effects were relative low compared to aquaculture. In the bays of TGR, the small-scale disturbance (aquaculture activities) had more significant negative effects compared to the big-scale disturbance (water-level fluctuations related to dam operation of TGR).

2

A New Locality of Alien Oligochaete Species Branchiura sowerbyi in Upper Oder River in Poland

Cebulska K., Krodkiewska M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 4

432--438

EN

A new locality of the Asian thermophilic aquatic oligochaete Branchiura sowerbyi Beddard, 1892 (Oligochaeta, Naididae) was recorded in the Upper Oder River. Until now, this species has been only noted in a few localities in Poland: in the Szczecin Lagoon at the mouth of Oder River to Baltic Sea, in the heated Konin lake system (West Poland) and in the middle course of the Oder River. In our study, B. sowerbyi was found on one site (108 km of the river course) that is located more than 400 km from its previous recordings in the Oder River. This finding may show that B. sowerbyi has spread upstream. It should be noted that, as a rule, low abundance of this species may be the reason for the small number of its recordings, so further studies related to distribution and impact of B. sowerbyi on native oligochaetes are needed.

3

Composition and abundance of oligochaetes (Annelida: Ooligochaeta) in springs of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Southern Poland): effect of Spring encasing and environmental factors

Dumnicka Elżbieta

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 2

231-242

EN

Studies were performed on 25 karstic springs located in Southern Poland (50 degrees 10 - 50 degrees 46' N, 19 degrees 17' - 19 degrees 54'E). They are natural or encased, differing also in discharge rate (0.01-15 l s^-1 in the southern part of Kraków-Częstochowa Upland while 20 - 1440 l s^-1 in its northern part) and kind of bottom sediments (fine or coarse). 27 species and l genus representing 5 families were determined, among them Enchytraeidae were represented by the highest number of species whereas Tubificidae (mainly juvenile forms) were the most abundant. Among oligochaetes no crenobionts were found while crenophiles: Rhyacodrilus falciformis Bretscher and Stylodrilus heringianus Claparede were present in a half of the studied springs. In the majority of the studied springs the density of oligochaetes was significantly higher in fine sediments (ranges 200 - 13 200 ind. m^-2) than in coarse ones (ranges 22-7900 ind. m^-2) (P <0.05). The species diversity (H') was also higher in in fine sediments, especially in springs of the southern part of Upland. Oligochaeta were more abundant and diversified in encased springs than in natural ones and they inhabited preferably fine sediments. The discharge and springs localization (in southern or northern part of the studied area) were found to be not of importance for oligochaete composition and abundance.

4

Effect of long-term mineral and organic fertilisation on the occurrence and biomass of soil oligochaetes

Jarmuł J., Lenart S., Kamionek M., Włodarska A.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2006

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Vol. 13, nr 7

665-668

EN

The study was undertaken to estimate the density and biomass of soil oligochaetes, particularly of earthworms, in plots of different mineral and organic fertilisation. Fifty years old field experiment set up to compare NPK fertilisation rates of 125, 41.4 and 118.6 kg/ha/yr of N, P and K, respectively with manure (OB) fertilisation (25 Mg/ha/yr) and mixed mineral-manure fertilisation (1/2 NPK + 1/2 OB) was used in this study. Unfertilised plots ("0") served as a control. Four-field crop rotation is practised in these plots. In the year 2005 the plots were sown with winter wheat. Earthworms were collected three times - in May, July/August and in September - to estimate their density and biomass.

PL

Celem podjętych badań było określenie liczebności i biomasy skąposzczetów glebowych, a szczególnie dżdżownic na poletkach o zróżnicowanym nawożeniu mineralnym i organicznym. Do doświadczenia wybrano poletka nawożone NPK (N - 100 kg/ha, P i K - 36,5 kg/ha), obornikiem (91,5 Mg/ha) oraz mieszane (1/2 NPK i 1/2 obornik), kontrolę stanowiły poletka zerowe, nie nawożone. Na poletkach tych prowadzone jest zmianowanie upraw. W 2005 r. poletka te zostały obsiane pszenicą ozimą. Doświadczenie nawozowe na tym poletku prowadzone jest od 55 lat. W trzech terminach dokonano odłowu dżdżownic w celu określenia ich liczebności oraz biomasy (maj, lipiec/sierpień, wrzesień).