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1 Polish Journal of Ecology

1 2010

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Species diversity of submontane grasslands : effects of topographic and soil factors

Kopeć M., Zarzycki J., Gondek K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2010

Vol. 58, nr 2

285-295

The grassland ecosystems generally, and the submontane meadow vegetationparticularly, are important components of the natural diversity of landscape. In the montane range (600-1000 m a.s.l.) (Beskidy Mts. Southern Poland) the richness (number of species) and the diversity (assessed with several indices) of meadow vegetation (permanent grassland and formerly arable land) were studies on 356 plots of 100 m2 each using the method of Braun-Blanquet. The correlation with several topographic factors (altitude, inclination, exposure), as well as with soil chemical factors (pH, nutrient like P and other macroelements content) was elaborated and the Ellenberg.s indicator values in respect to moisture, acidity and fertility were calculated. It was found that the main factor diminishing species diversity was the increasing of altitude from 343 m to 963 m and soil acidification from 3.4 to 6.5. No significant difference was noted between the diversity indexes (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson) of three study communities. The soil fertility affected the number of species in the plant communities in the opposite way. In the case of communities of Molinio-Arhenatheretea class occurring on more fertile habitats, fertility increase caused a decline in the number of species, whereas in the communities from Nardo-Callunetea class developed on extremely poor habitats - the number of species was growing with increasing fertility.