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Assessment of sinkhole hazard in the post-mining area using the ERT method and numerical modeling

Ścigała Roman, Szafulera Katarzyna, Jendryś Marek

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

2023

nr 75 (147)

20--34

The loss of stability of shallow voids existing in the rock mass often results in the formation of sinkholes on the surface. This has a significant impact on the threat to public safety. Therefore, it is crucial to recognize the presence of such voids, especially in old post-mining areas, where shallow extraction was previously conducted, and there is a lack of mapping documentation indicating the location of underground workings. This paper presents an example illustrating a proposed procedure for recognizing shallow voids, which consists of two research works: geophysical research combined with numerical analyzes used as a kind of forward modeling. This combination increases the possibility of accurately locating potential sinkhole occurrences. The first part of this article provides selected literature information on the occurrence of sinkhole hazards. The second part presents the results of subsurface layer investigations of the rock mass conducted using electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). The third part focuses on assessing the threat of sinkhole formation by using forward numerical modeling performed with the FLAC 3D software to confirm the subsurface structures identified through the ERT method. The results of the analyzes conducted with both methods are then discussed in terms of their suitability for assessing the associated risk. The research conducted within the framework of this study confirms the effectiveness of the ERT method combined with numerical modeling for evaluating the state of the rock mass. This method can be considered a valuable tool for supporting decision-making in identifying post-mining areas that are particularly at risk of sinkhole formation.

Methodology for A-1 motorway basement treatment effectiveness improvement by means of geophysical methods in the areas of metal ores shallow mining threatened with the sinkhole occurrence in the Upper Silesia

Pilecki Z.

Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi

2009

T. 25, z. 3

319-331

The methodology for A-1 motorway basement treatment, using geophysical methods in the area of former historical shallow mining of zinc and lead as well as iron ores threatened with the occurrence of sinkhole within the Bytom basin in the Upper Silesia, has been presented. The method discussed consists in carrying out properly designed geophysical examinations using gravimetric, borehole georadar and micro camera introscopy methods. The paper presents the assumptions of the A-1 motorway basement treatment methodology preceded by the description of the sinkhole threat. Detailed methodology for geophysical measurements adapted to the basement treatment methodology has been presented. Stages of recognition of voids and loose zones location in the vicinity of injection holes have been characterised as well as the way of basement backfilling effectiveness evaluation. The solutions discussed are aimed at as effective as possible limitation of the threat of A-1motorway structure damage.

Przedstawiono metodykę uzdatnienia podłoża autostrady A-1 z zastosowaniem metod geofizycznych na terenie pogórniczym, historycznej, płytkiej eksploatacji rud cynku i ołowiu oraz żelaza zagrożonych wystąpieniem zapadlisk w rejonie niecki bytomskiej na Górnym Śląsku. Omówiony sposób polega na przeprowadzeniu odpowiednio zaprojektowanych badań geofizycznych za pomocą metod grawimetrycznej, georadarowej otworowej i introskopowej mikrokamerą. W artykule przedstawiono założenia metodyki uzdatniania podłoża autostrady A-1 poprzedzone charakterystyką zagrożenia zapadliskowego. Przedstawiono szczegółową metodykę pomiarów geofizycznych w dostosowaniu do metodyki uzdatnienia podłoża. Scharakteryzowano etapy rozpoznania położenia pustek i stref rozluźnienia w sąsiedztwie otworów iniekcyjnych oraz sposób oceny efektywności podsadzenia podłoża. Celem omówionych rozwiązań jest możliwie efektywne ograniczenie zagrożenia zniszczeniem konstrukcji autostrady A-1.