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Badanie oporów cieplnych radiatorów do chłodzenia mikroprocesorów

Rusowicz A., Kapusta B.

Chłodnictwo : organ Naczelnej Organizacji Technicznej

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2013

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R. 48, nr 4

34--37

PL

W pracy przedstawiono pomiary oporu cieplnego radiatorów chłodzących procesory. Opór cieplny jest podstawowa wielkością charakteryzująca przvdatność radiatora do chłodzenia danego elementu elektronicznego. Dla określenia oporu cieplnego zbudowano stanowisko badawcze składające się z oporników cieplnych imitujących procesor komputerowy, połączonych ze źródłem prądu stałego, dzięki czemu możliwe bvło utrzvmanie stałej mocy cieplnej. Badaniu poddano trzy radiatory: najprostszy aluminiowy żebrowy, dwa o rozbudowanej konstrukcji z aluminium i miedzi.

EN

The paper presents measurements of the thermal resistance of heat sink cooling processors. Thermal resistance is the basic quantity that characterizes the usefulness of the heat sink for cooling electronic components. To determine the heat resistance test rig was constructed consisting of a thermal resistor simulating computer processor, connected to a DC power source, making it possible to maintain a constant output. The study involved four radiators: the simplest aluminum rib, two of the extensive construction of aluminum and copper.

2

Contribution of the vegetation layers in the nitrous oxide emission from alpine Kobresia humilis Serg. meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau

Du Y., Cao G., Deng Y., Sun G., Cui X.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 1

115-124

EN

Nitrous oxide (N[2]O) was one of the major atmospheric greenhouse gases. Its budget was poorly understood in alpine meadow, a dominant vegetation type on the Tibetan Plateau. To characterize a Kobresia humilis meadow on the plateau, N[2]O emission rates were monitored from June 2003 to June 2006 in the study area located at 3280 m a.s.l. Nine plots with 1 m x 1 m each were divided into three treatments, i.e. intact herbaceous community (HCK), removal of aboveground plant biomass (CBK), and removal of both above and belowground plant biomass (BSK), to estimate contribution of plants, r hizosphere and bulk soil to the total N[2]O emission. N[2]O emission from plant aboveground biomass was calculated by flux difference between HCK and CBK, denoted as F[(HCK-CBK)], from rhizosphere by F[(CBK-BSK)], and from bulk soil was the flux in BSK treatment. Static chambers (height 50 cm, area 0.5 x 0.5 m2 )were used for gas collection. N[2]O emission rate was significantly correlated with soil temperature at 5 cm depth in both HCK and BSK (P <0.001). Both treatments demonstrated a seasonal peak rate in growing season and minimum rate in dormancy period. The mean emission rates in the three years were 39.7[plus or minus]2.9 and 30.6[plus or minus]2.5 [mu]g m[^-2] h[^-1] in HCK and BSK, respectively, with the former significantly higher than the latter (P <0.05). In CBK, however, the emission rate did not show consistent correlation with soil temperature, especially in growing season. Its three-year mean emission rate was 36.2[plus or minus]3.3 [mu]g m[^-2] h[^-1]. In the K. humilis meadow, bulk soil contributed much more than plants and rhizosphere. The mean emission rate was 3.5[plus or minus]2.9, 5.7[plus or minus]3.8, and 30.6[plus or minus]2.5 [mu]g m[^-2] h[^-1] (P <0.001) from plants, rhizosphere and bulk soil, and these accounted for 9, 14 and 77%, separately. Our results implied that N[2]O emission rate decreased little with grazing as indicated by the difference between HCK and CBK in K. humilis meadow (P <0.05). N2O emission from alpine meadow could not be ignored in addressing regional greenhouse gases budget on the Tibetan Plateau, considering the vast area and much higher radiative forcing of N[2]O.

3

Geneza zapadliska w rejonie wschodniego zbocza wyrobiska kopalni piasków szklarskich w Osiecznicy

Bartkowiak M., Czabaj W., Siciński W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 3

259-262

EN

The “Osiecznica” sandpit exploits quartz sands withinthe North Sudetic Depression, SW Poland. In June 2002, near the upper edge of the eastern slope of the pit, the terrain sagged. It was originally assumed, that the sag resulted from vertical flows of Cretaceous, Cainozoic, and technological water. However, field investigation revealed a discontinuity of the undergound water flow within the eastern pit slope. Intitially horizontal filtration changed into vertical, locally turbulent flow, able to wash out up to 90% of sand fraction (suffusion). In the area of the eastern slope, there are underground washouts forming cavities over which terrian depression may originate. Such phenomena and underground water outflows from caverns at the slope base, as well as stream draining the pit floor do not pose any danger to the slope stability. Forestation of the first slope level will additionally stabilize it, despite the occurrence of underground caverns.