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EN
The article discusses the problems of modeling and simulation in the design of production lines, mainly from an educator’s perspective. Nowadays, there is a wide range of computer programs that can be used to design production lines and to simulate various aspects of their operation. However, the programs being available vary considerably as to their functionality, the approach to production system design, and the visualization tools. Therefore we demonstrate and evaluate in this paper four simulation programs, focusing on the easiness of system design, area of the possible applications in education of engineers, and the limitations imposed by versions dedicated for students. We evaluate three of programs for digital factory simulation on a common, simple assembly task, then demonstrate that these programs may be also used for more specialized simulations in various areas of production, and compare with a specialized program for simulation of robotised production lines and work cells.
EN
Various theoretical approaches used to model optical fields inside resonators of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are described in the present paper. Both simplified and advanced simulations developed for both index-guided and gain-guided VCSELs are presented. Reviews of both scalar (mostly for standard VCSEL designs polarised not very far over their thresholds) and vectorial (for microresonator VCSELs as well as in more exact modelling of standard VCSELs) optical VCSEL models known from scientific literature are also given.
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