Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Genetic Diversity of Orchid Malaxis monophyllos Over European Range as an Effect of Population Properties and Postglacial Colonization

Jermakowicz E., Brzosko E., Kotowicz J., Wróblewska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 1

69--86

EN

Malaxis monophyllos is a rare orchid with a fragmented boreal-montane distribution in Europe where it is associated with both natural swampy and anthropogenic habitats. We employed extensive sampling of M. monophyllos populations from different habitat types, over its whole European geographic range, to examine its genetic diversity patterns and phylogeographic structure using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). Our results revealed the relatively low genetic diversity of M. monophyllos, with the effect of small population sizes and inbreeding as the driving forces operating within the European part of its range. The statistically highest values of genetic diversity were found in populations from the boreal region (average: percentage of polymorphic loci PPL3 = 21.6%, Nei's gene diversity Hj3 = 0.144, the rarity index DW3 = 1.34), while populations from mountainous regions were characterised by a reduced level of genetic diversity (e.g. an average for Alpine populations: PPL3 = 18.1%, Hj3 = 0.121, DW3 = 0.84) in comparison to boreal ones. Our results revealed that the newly established anthropogenic populations in the Polish uplands were probably founded from numerous external sources and should be considered a significant source of the species' genetic diversity. We also confirmed the low genetic differentiation among M. monophyllos populations (FST = 0.074), with the lack of distinguishable genetic clusters, that supports results about the multidirectional gene flow between M. monophyllos populations in Europe, and directed conservation efforts on conserving all suitable for this species habitats.

2

Tereny po eksploatacji surowców skalnych ostoją bioróżnorodności – na przykładzie wybranych wyrobisk na Pogórzu Cieszyńskim

Beczała T., Dorda A.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

|

2015

|

nr 9

17--25

PL

Na Pogórzu Cieszyńskim od ponad 200 lat wydobywa się surowce skalne. Pozostałością po ich pozyskaniu są liczne wyrobiska. Artykuł prezentuje bogactwo przyrodnicze tych obiektów. Mimo iż stanowią siedliska pochodzenia antropogenicznego, są bardzo ważne dla zachowania bioróżnorodności całego Pogórza. Występuje w nich szereg rzadkich i chronionych oraz ustępujących gatunków grzybów, roślin i zwierząt. Do jednych z najważniejszych należą storczykowate, umieszczone w „Polskiej czerwonej księdze roślin”. Dawne kamieniołomy są także miejscem występowania rzadkich na Pogórzu Cieszyńskim zbiorowisk roślinnych, jakimi są np. buczyna storczykowa oraz ciepłolubne murawy.

EN

Cieszyn Foothills form the most westward part of Silesian Foothils. In this area exploitation of mineral resources has been carried out for more than 200 years. Numerous excavations are their remains. The paper presents natural wealth of these objects. Despite the fact of anthropogenic origin they are very important for maintenance of biodiversity of Cieszyn Foothills. There are many rare and protected species of fungi, plants and animals. One of the most valuable are representatives of Orchidaceae family: Epipactis microphylla, Orchis pallens and Malaxis monophyllos, occurring in excavations and listed in Polish Red Book of Plants. The former quarries are also habitats of rare plant communities in the investigated area, as orchid beechwood and xerothermic grasslands.

3

Can periodically drained ponds have any potential for terrestrial arthropods conservation? - a pilot survey of spiders

Tropek R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

|

Vol. 60, nr 3

635-639

EN

Periodical summer drying has been a common practice in fishponds management in many intensively used European landscapes. It was shown that these ephemeral biotopes are often colonised by endangered plant communities typical for riverine gravel beds. However, almost nothing is known about their conservation potential for terrestrial arthropods. Spiders at a periodically drained bottom of the Manovicky rybnik pond, western Czech Republic, were surveyed from May to September 2007 by pitfall-trapping, vegetation sweeping and individual collecting. Although just 25 spider species were found, several of them are considered as regionally important. Psammophilous Steatoda albomaculata (nationally nearly threatened) and xerothermophilous Tricca lutetiana are regionally very rare species occurring mainly in warmer areas; the Manovicky rybnik pond is only their second known locality in the study region. Hypsosinga heri and H. pygmaea, two recorded hygrophilous species, are regionally very rare species of colder, near-natural wetlands. The combination of several other hygrophilous and xerothermophilous species, caused by habitat diversity of extreme substrate conditions, forms the spider community at the site. Co-occurrence of these species and abiotic conditions was typical for periodically disturbed riverine gravel beds, an almost vanished habitat in Central Europe. The relatively broad habitat relations diversity of the species inhabiting this very small (1.5 ha) site and the occurrence of several regionally important species indicate that periodically drained pond bottoms could be important anthropogenic habitats for terrestrial arthropods conservation.