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Determinants of rural women’s activity in non-governmental organizations

Puchała Jacek

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

2025

z. 215

517--541

Purpose: The paper analyses factors motivating women to become involved in the activities of Rural Homemakers’ Clubs (RHCs) (Koła Gospodyń Wiejskich). The articles points to drivers responsible for the involvement of respondents in the activities of the Rural Homemakers’ Clubs. It presents activities performed by the surveyed RHCs. The study also presents information about areas in which the Rural Homemakers’ Clubs are helpful to their members as well as reasons why some women do not participate in their activities. A ranking of reasons of non-participation in the activities of the organizations such as the RHC was developed. The paper also discusses activities which would be the most useful within the area where the surveyed RHCs function. Design/methodology/approach: The survey was carried out among the Rural Homemakers’ Clubs (KGW) being women’s organizations with very few exceptions. In general there are approximately 10,000 entities of that kind operating in Poland. They are registered with the Agency for Restructuring and Modernization of Agriculture (Agencja Restrukturyzacji i Modernizacji Rolnictwa) or an agricultural club (kółko rolnicze) as associations. There are also organizations that have not been formalized or registered. The purpose of their operations is to cultivate tradition, foster personal development of their members and maintain local recipes. A research sample consisted of 136 RHCs. Computer aided interview surveys were conducted; surveys were sent by e-mail. A research tool included open-ended and closed-ended questions. Closed-ended questions included answers such as “I definitely disagree” and “I rather disagree” as well as “I rather agree” and “I definitely agree”. Crosstabs were prepared for the purpose of developing diagrams. The following research hypotheses were adopted: 1 leadership in the RHCs should take the form of coaching leadership because personal development was the major motivating factor behind women’s involvement in those organizations. 2 In rural areas the factors that push women to participate in the RHCs were: “the need to act”, “integration with others” and “interactions with people”. 3 Willingness to help others is a factor characteristic of unmarried rather than married people. 4 The need to “go out” is a stronger factor motivating people aged 31-60 compared to other age groups. 5 To the RHC members such membership proves helpful mostly when it comes to social advancement. 6 Failure to accept such activity by life partners is the most important disincentive for people to get involved in the activities in the RHCs. Findings: People are motivated to become involved in the activities of RHCs partly by selfish motives (access to fairs thanks to the RHCs - 31.6% of respondents, facilitated handicraft sale thanks to the RHCs - almost 35% of respondents, willingness to help oneself - nearly 53% of respondents, personal growth - 74% of respondents). Personal reasons are also altruistic, pro-social (socialization-related), e.g. a desire to help others - nearly 80% of respondents, a desire to pass on one’s knowledge - nearly 57% of respondents. The need to team up and work with others is a factor that motivates a similar number of respondents as willingness to network (integrate) - 84.6% and 83.1% of respondents, respectively. Research limitations/implications: The members of the Rural Homemakers’ Clubs are often seniors; frequently they are not Internet users. The respondents’ age structure is dominated by the group aged 31 - 50 (32.4% and 41.9% of respondents, respectively). The respondents aged 61+ accounted for approx. 7.5% the research sample. Hence, the research results appear characteristic rather for younger people. In order to obtain answers from elderly members of the RHCs, the survey should have been sent by regular mail. Originality/value: The article is a new look at the aspect under study and is part of a larger study, the results of which will be presented in subsequent articles.