Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Ultralekki pianobeton z dodatkiem materiału zmiennofazowego do stosowania jako termoizolacja

Klemczak Barbara, Koenders Eduardus A. B., Jonkers Henk, Fachinotti Victor, Mankel Christoph, Röser Frank, Dolado Jorge S., Erkizia Edurne, Dauvergne Jean-Luc, Ortega Amaya, Zanoni Francesca, Červenka Jan, Düngfelder Michael, Stunz Christina, Zhilyaev Dmitry, Kolev Vesselin A.

Materiały Budowlane

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2024

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nr 2

45--49

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wyniki projektu NRG-STORAGE, którego celem jest opracowanie ultralekkiego pianobetonu z dodatkiem materiału zmiennofazowego (PCM), który ma zdolność do magazynowania i uwalniania ciepła. Uzyskane wyniki pokazały, że badany pianobeton o gęstości objętościowej 240 kg/m3 z dodatkiem 10% PCM charakteryzuje się wystarczającą wytrzymałością mechaniczną jako materiał termoizolacyjny, dobrymi właściwościami termofizycznymi oraz zdolnością do akumulacji i oddawania ciepła.

EN

The article presents selected results of the NRG-STORAGE project, aiming to develop ultralight foamed concrete with the addition of phase change material (PCM), which has the ability to store and release heat. The obtained results showed that the tested foamed concrete with a bulk density of 240 kg/m3 and with the addition of 10% PCM is characterised by sufficient mechanical strength for thermal insulation applications, good thermophysical properties, and the ability to accumulate and release heat.

2

Experimental and Numerical Comparison of Lead-Free and Lead-Containing Brasses for Fixture Application

Radzioch Grzegorz, Bartocha Dariusz, Kondracki Marcin

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

124--132

EN

A comparative analysis of brasses alloys, namely lead-free CuZn (CB771) and lead containing CuZn (CB770), was conducted in this article. The results of the comparative analysis and experimental investigations aimed to provide comprehensive knowledge about the thermophysical properties and solidification characteristics of these alloys. Thermodynamic simulations using Thermo-Calc software and modifications in the chemical composition of the CB771 alloy were employed to approximate its characteristics to those of the lead containing CuZn alloy. Thermal-derivative analysis of the alloys and a technological trial were carried out to determine their solidification characteristics, fluidity, and reproducibility. The casting trials were conducted under identical conditions, and the results were compared for a comprehensive analysis. Additionally, a solidification process simulation was performed using MagmaSoft software to match the thermophysical properties. The aim of this research was to achieve maximum consistency between the simulation results and experimental investigations.

3

Właściwości reologiczne betonu lekkiego na kruszywie spiekanym

Lewiński Paweł, Fedorczyk Zbigniew, Zacharski Łukasz, Rogowska Anna

Przegląd Budowlany

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2022

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R. 93, nr 5-6

70--75

PL

Zastosowanie betonu lekkiego na kruszywie spiekanym do sprężonych konstrukcji obiektów budowlanych było przedmiotem najnowszych prac wielu autorów. Wykorzystując specjalny beton lekki na kruszywie spiekanym, jako materiał gwarantujący obniżenie ciężaru własnego konstrukcji, przy zachowaniu wymaganych właściwości wytrzymałościowych betonu uzyskuje się - jak się okazuje - w elementach konstrukcji sprężonych dodatkową rezerwę w zakresie nośności i ugięć. Niezbędnym warunkiem tych nowych zastosowań jest wiarygodne przebadanie właściwości reologicznych rozpatrywanego betonu. W tym celu w Laboratorium Konstrukcji Budowlanych, Geotechniki i Betonu ITB, niezależnie od przeprowadzonych badań doraźnych właściwości wytrzymałościowych omawianego betonu lekkiego, prowadzone są prace mające na celu wyznaczenie właściwości reologicznych w zakresie długotrwałego skurczu i pełzania.

EN

The application of lightweight concrete on sintered aggregate for prestressed concrete structures has been the subject of recent works by many authors. By using a special lightweight concrete on sintered aggregate as a material that guarantees the reduction of the dead weight of the structure, while maintaining the required strength properties of concrete, it turns out that additional reserve capacity and deflection are obtained in the elements of prestressed structures. Reliable testing of the rheological properties of the considered concrete is a necessary condition for these new applications. For this purpose, in the Laboratory of Building Structures, Geotechnics and Concrete ITB, regardless of the conducted tests of short-term strength properties of the considered lightweight concrete, the tests are carried out to determine the rheological properties of long-term shrinkage and creep.

4

Ocena jakości ściany wykonanej w technologii druku 3D za pomocą systemu analizy obrazu

Skibicki Szymon

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2022

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R. 78, nr 3-4

124--127

PL

W artykule przedstawiono pilotażowe badania dotyczące zastosowania systemu analizy obrazu do oceny jakości struktur wykonanych w technologii druku 3D kompozytów cementowych. Zaproponowany algorytm w sposób prawidłowy ocenia jakość powierzchni wydrukowanych elementów. Analiza nieciągłości mieszanki tą metodą może być przydatna nie tylko w ocenie estetyki wykonanych elementów, ale także możliwe jest jej powiązanie z właściwościami mechanicznymi, skurczem oraz trwałością drukowanej struktury.

EN

The paper presents a pilot study on the use of an image analysis system to assess the quality of structures made in the 3D printing technology of cementitious composites. The proposed algorithm correctly evaluated the surface quality of the printed elements. Analysis of the path discontinuity with this method can be useful not only in the assessment of the aesthetics of the manufactured elements, but also it is possible to link it with the mechanical properties, shrinkage and durability of the printed structure.

5

Modelowanie komputerowe przyczółków mostowych w obliczeniach inżynierskich

Oleszek Radosław

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2022

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R. 78, nr 7-8

323--330

PL

Przyczółki stanowią skrajne podpory konstrukcji mostowych, których celem jest przeniesienie obciążeń (reakcji) z przęseł na ośrodek gruntowy. Każdy z powyższych rodzajów przyczółków charakteryzuje się odmienną specyfiką pracy statycznej. W referacie przedstawiono zasady ich komputerowego modelowania za pomocą metody elementów skończonych (MES) na podstawie przykładów z praktyki inżynierskiej.

EN

The abutments are extreme supports of bridge structures, whose task is to transfer loads (reactions) from spans to the ground. The each of the above types of abutments is characterized by a different specificity of static work. The paper presented the principles of their computer modeling using the finite element method (MES) based on examples from engineering practice.

6

Fabrication and Properties of Self-crimp Side-by-Side Bicomponent Filaments Composed of Polyethylene Terephthalates with Different Intrinsic Viscosity

Xiang Guodong, Hua Hongjing, Gao Qingwen, Guo Jingwen, Zhang Xuzhen, Wang Xiuhua

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2022

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Vol. 30, no. 2

68--74

EN

Self-crimp side-by-side bicomponent filaments (SBSBFs) were prepared via melt spinning using two kinds of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with great disparity of intrinsic viscosity. The influence of the volume ratio on the surface morphology, crystallinity, crimping properties, mechanical properties and shrinkage properties of the bicomponent filaments was investigated using wide-angle X-ray diffraction, a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope, etc. As the proportion of the low-viscosity component increases, the shrinkage in boiling water or hot air, as well as the shrinkage force and the sonic orientation factor of the bicomponent filaments decrease, and the DSC heating curves change from double peaks to a single peak. These phenomena should be ascribed to the high orientation and low crystallinity of the high-viscosity PET component and low orientation and high crystallinity of the low-viscosity PET component. Moreover, the crimp property of the bicomponent filament with a volume ratio of 50:50 is superior to those with other volume ratios.

7

Ayous wood : main uses and selected physical and mechanical properties of an increasingly interesting material originating from cameroon

Gennari Emiliano, Picchio Rodolfo, Lo Monaco Angela

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2022

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Vol. 65, nr 209

art. no. 1644-3985.391.09

EN

Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum, commonly named ayous in Cameroon, is a tree typical of secondary forests in subtropical areas mainly below 500 msl, characterized by an uneven distribution of annual rainfall and the presence of disturbance. This species is widely used in the origin area, and the interest of European markets for ayous wood has steadily increased in the last decades. Despite the interest, only a few studies explored the characterization of this wood for its Cameroonian provenience. This study was carried out to provide a general overview of the available information and to determine some selected physical and mechanical properties of ayous wood coming from the department of Boumba et Ngoko in South-east Cameroon. Physical and mechanical properties and colourimetric parameters of ayous wood were determined following the UNI EN and ISO standards to characterize this wood and to compare with the data from literature. Density, 393 kg/m3, resulted consistent with the data reported in the literature; the basic density was lower than those reported in the literature and the difference could be related to wood porosity; volumetric shrinkage was among the lower ones detected by other authors. Colourimetric parameters describing the undifferentiated creamy-yellow colour of the wood were L* 73.08, a* 7.39, b* 27.88. Mechanical properties were in the wide range of data reported by other authors; compression strength 36.6 MPa, static bending strength 61.1 MPa and Brinell hardness 12.2 N/mm2. These results extend our knowledge on the physical, colorimetric and mechanical properties of the ayous wood. These results can be helpful to highlight differences in the physical and mechanical properties due to the influence of origin on wood physical and mechanical properties. Future studies on this topic are needed to better understand the changes in properties and the characterization of the Cameroonian provenance. The results on the properties of ayous wood give an account of the real possibilities of treatments and technologies that can improve the technological characteristics and the environmentally sustainable use of this resource for the origin and importing countries.

8

Shrinkage and Absorption of Sand Concrete Containing Marble Waste Powder

Djebien Rachid, Abbas Yassine, Bouabaz Amel, Ziada Yasser Nacereddine

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

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2022

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Vol. 32, no. 1

240--254

EN

In the context of growing scarcity of natural resources, the high demand of aggregates and the difficulties to open new quarries, several studies were carried out to study the possibility of reuse of waste and industrial by-products to replace traditional materials which would run out, replace materials when transport distances increase to reduce construction costs and protect the environment. This experimental study aims to investigate the effect of marble waste used as powder on the shrinkage and absorption of sand concrete in order to reuse it in the production of sand concrete. To achieve this goal, several sand concrete mixtures containing different substitutions rates of marble powder (4, 8 and 12%), and different Water / Cement ratio (0.71, 0.74, 0.77) were produced. Then, the evolution of the shrinkage and absorption values of sand concrete mixtures was studied. The obtained results showed that marble waste powder plays a positive role in reducing of shrinkage and absorption values of sand concrete and lead to the production of eco-friendly sand concrete.

9

Optimization of Injection Moulding Process via Design of Experiment (DOE) Method based on Rice Husk (RH) Reinforced Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) Composite Properties

Jaya Haliza, Zulkepli Nik Noriman, Omar Mohd Firdaus, Abd Rahim Shayfull Zamree, Nabiałek Marcin, Jeż Kinga, Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2022

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Vol. 67, iss. 2

719--727

EN

Optimal parameters setting of injection moulding (IM) machine critically effects productivity, quality, and cost production of end products in manufacturing industries. Previously, trial and error method were the most common method for the production engineers to meet the optimal process injection moulding parameter setting. Inappropriate injection moulding machine parameter settings can lead to poor production and quality of a product. Therefore, this study was purposefully carried out to overcome those uncertainty. This paper presents a statistical technique on the optimization of injection moulding process parameters through central composite design (CCD). In this study, an understanding of the injection moulding process and consequently its optimization is carried out by CCD based on three parameters (melt temperature, packing pressure, and cooling time) which influence the shrinkage and tensile strength of rice husk (RH) reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. Statistical results and analysis are used to provide better interpretation of the experiment. The models are form from analysis of variance (ANOVA) method and the model passed the tests for normality and independence assumptions.

10

Influence of micro synthetic fibers confinement on properties of lightweight foamed concrete

Mydin Md Azree Othuman

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 3

411--428

EN

In this investigation, the confinement effects of micro synthetic fibers on lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) were examined. The parameters evaluated were porosity, water absorption, shrinkage, compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength. Three densities were cast which were 600 kg/m3, 1100 kg/m3, and 1600 kg/m3. Besides, the number of layers (1 to 3 layers) of micro synthetic fibers was also being examined. Based on the result obtained, the porosity improved by 8.0% to 16.3%, 13.8% to 25.6%, and 9.3% to 24.5% for the LFC with densities of 600 kg/m3, 1100 kg/m3, and 1600 kg/m3 confined with 1 layer, 2 layers, and 3 layers of micro synthetic fibers, respectively. Besides, for the water absorption test, the enhancements were 6.9% to 15.6%, 20.0 to 27.1%, and 12.2 to 29.6% for the respective densities and number of layers of micro synthetic fibers employed, while the drying shrinkage improved by 48.5% to 76.8%, 57.4% to 72.1%, and 43.2 % to 68.2% for the respective densities and number of layers of micro synthetic fibers employed. For the strength properties, a confinement with 3 layers of micro synthetic fibers showed significant results, where enhancements of 153% (600 kg/m3), 97% (1100 kg/m3), and 102% (1600 kg/m3) were obtained for the compression strength; 372% (600 kg/m3), 258% (1100 kg/m3), and 332% (1600 kg/m3) for the bending strength; and 507% (600 kg/m3), 343% (1100 kg/m3), and 332% (1600 kg/m3) for the splitting tensile strength, respectively, compared to the control LFC.

11

Damage mechanism of conventional joints and proposal of a novel joint for hollow-core slab bridges

Cui Yujun, Xue Xingwei, Yao Hao, Hua Xudong, Huang Yuanming

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 68, nr 4

571--590

EN

The prefabricated hollow-core slab bridge is a common bridge. In prefabricated hollow-core slab bridges, joints play an important role in connecting prefabricated slabs and ensuring the integrity of the bridge. However, as the service time of the bridge increases, conventional joints have a large number of typical diseases that affect the safety and durability of bridges. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of the entire construction phase is established to investigate the development difference of shrinkage and creep between joints and hollow-core slabs. The effects of vehicle load and temperature gradient on joints were analysed, the failure mechanism of joints was explored, and a novel joint was proposed. The results of a nonlinear analysis showed that the novel joint can effectively improve the mechanical performance of joints and cracks can be effectively controlled. Moreover, the novel joint solves the problem in that the conventional novel joint cannot be vibrated effectively.

12

Investigating the Effect of Sisal Fibre Content on Durability Properties of Lightweight Foamed Concrete

Mydin Md Azree Othuman

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 16, no 2

141--149

EN

Lightweight foamed concrete is greatly permeable, and its durability performance reduce with rising in the number of voids. In turn to improve its durability properties, the solid matrix of lightweight foamed concrete can be adjusted by incorporating several plant-based fibres. The effect of sisal fibre in lightweight foamed concrete was not explored before in the current body of knowledge. Therefore, there is some uncertainty considering the mechanism by which and the extent to which the sisal fibre may impact lightweight foamed concrete durability properties. Thus, this laboratory study concentrates on distinguishing the potential employment of sisal fibre into lightweight foamed concrete. This investigation aims to establish the durability performance of lightweight foamed concrete with the presence of sisal fibre. Densities of 800 and 1600 kg/m3 were made and assesed. Different weight fractions of sisal fibre of 0.2%, 0.4%,0.6% and 0.8% were utilized. There were four durability perfomance of lightweight foamed concrete were evaluated such as shrinkage, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), porosity and water absorption capacity. The experimental results had indicated that the addition of 0.6% of sisal fibre gave the optimum results for the durability properties. At 0.6% weight fraction of sisal fibre, the fibres reached maximum compaction in the cement matrix, which stemmed in exceptional mix regularity. Further than 0.6% inclusion of sisal fibre, accumulation and non-regularity scattering of fibres was detected, which led to reduction in entire parameters assessed.

13

The performance of ultra-lightweight foamed concrete incorporating nanosilica

Elrahman Mohamed Abd, Sikora Pawel, Chung Sang-Yeop, Stephan Dietmar

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 2

639--654

EN

This paper aims to investigate the feasibility of the incorporation of nanosilica (NS) in ultra-lightweight foamed concrete (ULFC), with an oven-dry density of 350 kg/m3, in regard to its fresh and hardened characteristics. The performance of various dosages of NS, up to 10 wt.-%, were examined. In addition, fly ash and silica fume were used as cement replacing materials, to compare their influence on the properties of foamed concrete. Mechanical and physical properties, drying shrinkage and the sorption of concrete were measured. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microcomputed tomography (µ-CT) and a probabilistic approach were implemented to evaluate the microstructural changes associated with the incorporation of different additives, such as wall thickness and pore anisotropy of produced ULFCs. The experimental results confirmed that the use of NS in optimal dosage is an effective way to improve the stability of foam bubbles in the fresh state. Incorporation of NS decrease the pore anisotropy and allows to produce a foamed concrete with increased wall thickness. As a result more robust and homogenous microstructure is produced which translate to improved mechanical and transport related properties. It was found that replacement of cement with 5 wt.-% and 10 wt.-% NS increase the compressive strength of ULFC by 20% and 25%, respectively, when compared to control concrete. The drying shrinkage of the NS-incorporated mixes was higher than in the control mix at early ages, while decreasing at 28 d. In overall, it was found that NS is more effective than other conventional fine materials in improving the stability of fresh mixture as well as enhancing the strength of foamed concrete and reducing its porosity and sorption.

14

Residual expansion deformation of high-speed railway steam-cured concrete: mechanism, modeling, and measurement

Xiang Yu, Xie Youjun, Long Guangcheng, He Jionghuang

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 21, no. 4

17--38

EN

To clarify the volume deformation characteristics and residual expansion deformation formation mechanism of steam-cured concrete, the content of free water and air of fresh concrete before heating, and the hydration kinetics and mechanical characteristics evolution of concrete during the steam curing process were obtained by experiment and fitting. The residual expansion strain calculation model of steam-cured concrete was proposed and its accuracy was verified by a non-contact test. Results showed that: (i) the volume deformation characteristics of steam-cured concrete could be divided into two stages: rapid expansion in heating stage, then rapid shrinkage in constant temperature treating period and gentle shrinkage in cooling period; besides, an irrecoverable residual deformation was gained at the end of cooling period; (ii) the tested peak value of residual expansion strain of steam-cured concrete appeared at 0.5–1 h later than the fitting value, and the final tested residual expansion strain is lower than the fitting value; (iii) the higher the initial free water content and the lower the initial structural strength, the greater the final residual expansion deformation of steam-cured concrete. This paper aims to reveal the mechanism of residual expansion deformation and propose a method of restraining the deformation of high-speed railway steam-cured concrete. This paper could provide technical support for the production of steam-cured concrete prefabricated components and predict the residual expansion deformation.

15

Moisture swelling and shrinkage of pine wood versus susceptibility to robotic assembly of furniture elements

Turbański Wojciech, Sydor Maciej, Matwiej Łukasz, Wiaderek Krzysztof

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2021

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No. 115

63--71

EN

Moisture swelling and shrinkage of pine wood and susceptibility to robotic assembly of furniture elements. Background and Objectives. Processing technology, storage conditions and wood properties affect the actual dimensions of wooden elements. It was decided to experimentally check how the dimensions of samples, made of the selected wood species, will change under the influence of different storage conditions, typical for industrial environments. And especially how these changes will affect the susceptibility to assembly of upholstery frame rails that form a box joint. Materials and Methods. The tests were performed on three series of rails made of Scotch pine wood. Each tested series consisted of 12 elements. First, the five dimensions forming the box joint were measured. Then, each series was exposed to different conditions: in the industrial hall (air of RH = 29-48% and t = 16-24°C), in the compressor room (RH = 24-51%, t = 13-27°C) and outside in a covered shed (RH = 20-50%, t = 3-23°C). After 35 days the dimensions were measured again. Results. It was found that the average moisture content decreased and the dimensional deviations increased in the samples stored in the production hall and in the compressor room. In samples stored outside, the mean moisture content did not change, but the dimensional deviations increased significantly. Discussion. The storage of wooden elements increases the deviations from assigned dimensions. Exposure to repeated changes in moisture content and ambient temperature, even without changing the final moisture content of the elements, results in greater dimensional changes than storage under more stabilized conditions that reduce wood moisture content. Conclusions. The shrinkage and swelling of wood due to changes in its moisture content are not fully reversible, therefore, apart from maintaining the appropriate temperature and air humidity during storage, it is important to keep these conditions unchanged.

PL

Pęcznienie i kurczenie się drewna sosnowego a podatność na zrobotyzowany montaż elementów mebli. Wprowadzenie. Technologia obróbki, warunki przechowywania i właściwości drewna wpływają na rzeczywiste wymiary elementów drewnianych. Postanowiono eksperymentalnie sprawdzić jak zmienią się wymiary próbek, wykonanych z wybranego gatunku drewna pod wpływem różnych warunków przechowywania, typowych dla środowisk przemysłowych. A zwłaszcza jak te zmiany wpłyną na podatność na zrobotyzowany montaż ramiaków ram tapicerskich, tworzących połączenie wielowpustowe. Materiały i metody. Badania przeprowadzono na trzech seriach ramiaków z drewna sosny zwyczajnej. Każda testowana seria składała się z 12 elementów. Najpierw zmierzono pięć wymiarów tworzących połączenie wpustowe. Następnie każda seria została wystawiona na inne warunki: przechowywanie w hali przemysłowej (powietrze o wilgotności względnej 29-48% i temperaturze 16-24°C), w sprężarkowni (RH = 24-51%, t = 13-27 °C) i na zewnątrz w zadaszonej wiacie (RH =20-50%, t = 3-23°C). Po 35 dniach ponownie zmierzono te same wymiary ramiaków. Wyniki. Stwierdzono zmniejszenie średniej wilgotności oraz niewielkie zwiększenie odchyłek wymiarowych w próbkach przechowywanych w hali produkcyjnej i w sprężarkowni. W próbkach przechowywanych na zewnątrz średnia wilgotność nie zmieniła się, ale znacznie zwiększyły się odchyłki wymiarowe. Dyskusja. W analizowanych warunkach składowanie elementów drewnianych w każdym przypadku zwiększa odchyłki od wymiarów nominalnych. Narażenie na powtarzające się zmiany wilgotności i temperatury otoczenia, nawet bez zmiany końcowej wilgotności elementów, powoduje większe zmiany wymiarów niż przechowywanie w bardziej ustabilizowanych warunkach, które zmniejszają wilgotność drewna. Wnioski. Skurcz i pęcznienie drewna pod wpływem zmian jego wilgotności nie są w pełni odwracalne, dlatego oprócz zapewnienia właściwych temperatury i wilgotności powietrza przy przechowywaniu, ważne jest zachowanie niezmienności tych warunków.

16

Investigation of selected properties of the black elder wood (Sambucus nigra L.)

Kozakiewicz Paweł, Dadon Marcin, Marchwicka Monika

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2021

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No. 116

28--38

EN

Investigation of selected properties of the black elder wood (Sambucus nigra L.). The work has defined the selected chemical, physical and mechanical properties of the black elder wood, such as content of non-structural substances, shrinkage and density, speed of sound propagation, dynamic modulus of elasticity, acoustic resistance and sound attenuation, modulus of elasticity, bending strength, compressive strength, Brinell hardness, cold and hot-water extractives content and pH of hot-water extract. The black elder wood is hard and moderately shrinking. Mechanical properties are reduced by going from the pith to the perimeter, which is most likely affected by the increasing twist of the fibres. The distance from the pith also affects the acoustic properties and the size of the shrinkage, while the density remains constant.

PL

Badanie wybranych właściwości drewna czarnego bzu (Sambucus nigra L.). Bez czarny to pospolity gatunek rośliny drzewiastej występującej w całej Europie, o dobrze rozpoznanych właściwościach kwiatów i owoców, ale o słabo poznanych właściwościach drewna. W pracy zostały określone właściwości mechaniczne drewna czarnego bzu (Sambucus nigra L.), takie jak: twardość Brinella na przekrojach wzdłużnych i przekroju poprzecznym, moduł sprężystości, wytrzymałość na zginanie, wytrzymałość na ściskanie wzdłuż włókien a także właściwości akustyczne takie jak: prędkość rozchodzenia się dźwięku, soniczny moduł sprężystości, oporność akustyczna i tłumienie dźwięku, podstawowe właściwości fizyczne: liniowy jednostkowy skurcz całkowity i gęstość, oraz wybrane właściwości chemiczne: zawartość substancji ekstrakcyjnych w zimnej i gorącej wodzie oraz pH ekstraktu w gorącej wodzie. Drewno bzu czarnego jest twarde i średnio kurczliwe. Część właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych zmniejsza się idąc od rdzenia do obwodu, na co najprawdopodobniej wpływa wzrastający skręt włókien. Odległość od rdzenia ma również wpływ na właściwości akustyczne oraz wielkość skurczu, natomiast gęstość utrzymuje się na stałym poziomie.

17

Volumetric behavior of natural swelling soil on drying-wetting paths. Application to the Boumagueur marl -Algeria-

Mebarki Mehdi, Kareche Toufik, Benyahia Sabah, Derfouf Feth-Ellah Mounir, Abou-Bekr Nabil, Taibi Said

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2020

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Vol. 42, nr 3

248--262

EN

This article presents the results of experimental work carried out both in situ (coring; pressuremeter test) and in the laboratory (drying-wetting and oedometric tests) to describe the volumetric behavior on drying-wetting path of a swelling clayey soil of eastern Algeria. In order to perform drying-wetting tests the osmotic technique and saturated salts solutions were used. These suction-imposed methods have gained widespread acceptance as reliable methods for imposing suction on soil specimens. They allowed to sweep a wide range of suctions between 0 and 500 MPa. The ability to impose suction on soil specimens allows for drying and wetting stress paths to be applied to evaluate resulting changes in state parameters (void ratio, degree of saturation and water content). These paths were carried out on specimens with different initial states. Slurries of soil were used to characterize the reference behavior, while the undisturbed soil samples allow to describe the behavior of material under in situ conditions. In the last part of this article and to specify the behavior observed in the saturated domain, a comparison between the resulting deformations of the drying-wetting test and those resulting from the oedometric test was made.

18

Analiza przyczyn zarysowań i korozji płyt balkonowych oraz ścian żelbetowych w nadbudowanym wielokondygnacyjnym budynku

Jaśniok Mariusz, Jaśniok Tomasz

Ochrona przed Korozją

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2020

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nr 3

72--77

PL

W artykule przedstawiono analizę przyczyn uszkodzeń płyt i ścian żelbetowych dwóch najniższych, nieużytkowanych kondygnacji, wielorodzinnego budynku mieszkalnego, nadbudowanego niezgodnie z projektem o kilka pięter. Istniało podejrzenie, że znaczne zwiększenie obciążeń nadbudową jest przyczyną powstania rys na ścianach i stropach najniższych kondygnacji. Ponadto obawiano się, że penetrująca od 25-ciu lat przez rysy woda opadowa może być przyczyną korozji betonu i stali zbrojeniowej zmniejszającej nośność elementów konstrukcji. W ramach oceny stanu konstrukcji przeprowadzono badania wytrzymałościowe betonu, pomiary układu zbrojenia oraz badania właściwości ochronnych otulenia betonowego wobec stali zbrojeniowej. Wyniki badań uwzględnione w obliczeniach numerycznych modelu konstrukcji budynku pozwoliły jednoznacznie wskazać skurcz betonu jako przyczynę pęknięć płyt i ścian żelbetowych. Wykonanie nadbudowy nie było więc przyczyną uszkodzeń konstrukcji, a beton pomimo długotrwałego oddziaływania wód opadowych nie stracił swoich właściwości mechanicznych ani ochronnych wobec zbrojenia.

EN

This article presents an analysis of damage to reinforced concrete slabs and walls in two unoccupied lowest stories of the multi-family building with a few-storey upward extension incompatible with the design. A significant increase in loading caused by that extension was supposed to cause cracks in walls and floors at the lowest stories. Moreover, rainwater penetrating cracks for 25 years was expected to induce corrosion of concrete and reinforcing steel reducing the load capacity of structural members. Strength tests, measurements of the reinforcement and tests on protective properties of concrete cover to reinforcing steel were performed as part of evaluating conditions of the structure. Test results included in numerical calculations of the structure model, provided the clear finding that concrete shrinkage was the reason for cracks in reinforced concrete slabs and walls. Thus, the upward extension did not cause damage to the structure, and concrete maintained its mechanical and protective properties to reinforcement despite the long-term effect of rainwater.

19

Rozszerzalność/skurcz ABK pod wpływem wilgoci

Misiewicz Lech

Materiały Budowlane

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2020

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nr 8

51--52

20

Problemy użytkowe pokryć dachowych z natryskiwanych pianek poliuretanowych

Francke Barbara

Materiały Budowlane

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2020

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nr 6

24--27