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Comparison of the Effect of Flurochloridone and Fluoranthene on the Root and Shoot Anatomy and Morphology of Pea Plants (Pisum sativum)

Lónová Kamila, Kalousek Petr, Klemš Marek

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 7

8--18

Despite current efforts to minimize the impact of industry on ecosystems, the environment is polluted by a range of foreign substances, that can have a negative impact on the living organisms. Examples of widely studied substances are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and recently, substances commonly used in conventional agriculture. In our study we focused on the morphology and anatomy of the vegetative organs of pea plants treated with the active substance of herbicides, flurochloridone (FLC), in concentration representing the residual amount in the soil (5 μM), and PAH fluoranthene (FLT) in concentration representing the middle to high environmental load (5 μM). During the long-term cultivation in nutrient solutions modified by the mentioned pollutants, the growth parameters of roots and shoots were observed in the three growth phases (4 and 8 fully developed leaves and the flowering phase). The growth parameters and observation of the morphology were supplemented with root and stem anatomical analysis using the transverse cross-sections. Both xenobiotics caused the decrease in the biomass production, while the more significant inhibition of growth, compared with control plants, was detected in FLC-treated plants, where the root system was reduced up to 75% and growth parameters of the shoots were reduced about more than 50%. The decrease in root biomass production was accompanied by changes in root branching. FLT treatment caused milder growth inhibition, it was observed about 50% reduction of the root system induced by the shortening of the main and lateral roots. Less pronounced, was also the decrease in stem length caused by FLT. Similar information was obtained about the different degrees of effect of FLC and FLT using anatomical analysis. Both studied substances increased the main root diameter accompanied with increase of the average number of the primary cortex layers. Their influence also caused the more intensive formation of exodermis. Changes in anatomical architecture were also observed in stem, where the FLC treatment changed the arrangement of the vascular bundles and decreased their average number. Our elementary morpho-anatomical study suggests that FLC despite its trace concentration could be more detrimental to plants than FLT, known for its harmful effect on living organisms, in relatively higher concentration.

Survival Rate of Willow Depending on the Storage Methods of Planting Material

Daniuk Yurii, Sinchenko Viktor, Dryha Viktoriia, Balan Vasyl, Karpuk Lesia, Topchiy Oksana, Mykolaiko Valerii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 2

25--32

The paper presents the research results of the survival rate of willow planting material depending on the storage methods and varietal peculiarities. The studies of the storage methods of planting material and their effect on the survival rate of cuttings and shoots were carried out in the years of 2019–2021 in the experimental field of the Institute of bio-energy crops and sugar beets, Ukraine. Two willow (Salix spp.) species: three-stamina variety Panfilivska and common willow variety Zbruch, were studied. Rot-affected cuttings and shoots as well as the number of the sprouted ones were monitored during the period of their placing in the storage till their planting in the field. It was found that both cuttings and shoots stored well in all treatments. During the storage, a small number of sprouted cuttings and disease - affected ones were recorded. Rot-affected cuttings and shoots of both varieties were recorded only when they were stored in plastic bags both with and without lime treatment of incisions. Rot-affected planting material was not recorded when other storage methods were used. It was established that during the storage moisture losses in cuttings and shoots of both varieties were not seen on any record date and as far as the content of nutrition elements (NPK) is concerned, there was a decreasing tendency. It was found that the survival rate of planting material depended on both variety peculiarities and its species, and it was high even on the first record date. Common willow variety Zbruch had the highest percentage of survival rate of cuttings and shoots as compared with the three-stamina variety Panfilivska. All storage methods of cuttings and shoots at air temperature 3–5°C ensure their good shelf-life with small damages caused by disease and slight germination in some years. The survival rate of planting material depended on both varietal peculiarities and its species. The highest percentage of survival rate of cuttings and shoots was typical for common willow variety Zbruch as compared with three-stamina variety Panfilivska.

Effect of Metal Ions on Some Medical Plants

Masarovicova E., Kralova K., Stresko V.

Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna

2003

Vol. 10, nr 3-4

275-279

The effect of cadmium and zinc separately ([formula]), as well as combined application of these ions on production parameters (shoot and root biomass, shoot/root ratio, length of shoots and roots) of young plants of Hypericum perforatum and Chamomilla recutita was investigated. Moreover, the metal contents in above-ground and underground parts of these species were determined using FAAS. As the applied metal concentrations did not significantly affect studied parameters (except of root biomass) it could be concluded that both investigated medicinal plants could be used in phytoextraction and subsequent remediation of soils contaminated by cadmium and zinc.

Badano wpływ dodawania kadmu i cynku oddzielnie [wzór], jak i kombinacji tych jonów na parametry wzrostu (biomasy pędów i korzeni, stosunku pędów: korzenie, długość pędów i korzeni) młodych roślin Hypericum perforatum i Chamomilla recutita. Ponadto zawartość metali ciężkich w nadziemnych i podziemnych częściach roślin oznaczono za pomocą FAAS. Nie stwierdzono znaczącego wpływu dodawanych stężeń metali na badane parametry (wyjątek stanowiła biomasa korzeni). Można z tego wywnioskować, że obie badane rośliny lecznicze mogłyby mieć zastosowanie w fitoekstrakcji, a następnie w remediacji gleb zanieczyszczonych kadmem i cynkiem.