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Towards automated performance assessment for maritime navigation

Øvergård K. I., Nazir S., Solberg A. S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 2

229--234

EN

This paper presents the outcome of a pre-project that resulted in an initial version (prototype) of an automated assessment algorithm for a specific maritime operation. The prototype is based on identified control requirements that human operators must meet to conduct safe navigation. Current assessment methods of navigation in simulators involve subject matter experts, whose evaluations unfortunately have some limitations related to reproducibility and consistency. Automated assessment algorithms may address these limitations. For a prototype, our algorithm had a large correlation with evaluations performed by subject matter experts in assessment of navigation routes. The results indicate that further research in automated assessment of maritime navigation has merit. The algorithm can be a stepping stone in developing a consistent, unbiased, and transparent assessment module for evaluating maritime navigation performance.

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Study on Manoeuvring Criteria for Safety Assessment in Shallow Water

Nakamura S.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 3

401--407

EN

The necessity of verifying manoeuvring mathematical models in shallow water for studying the safety of ships using a ship-handling simulator is pointed out in this report. Several instances of verification of mathematical models in shallow water are introduced here based on measurements of motion conditions of full-scale ships and shallow water tank tests of models. Results of safety assessment tests of five manoeuvring phases are given using the verified manoeuvring mathematical models to discuss manoeuvring criteria in shallow water. Objective manoeuvring criteria for safety assessment in shallow water are proposed based on subjective judgement related to control margin assessed by more than 3,200 masters and pilots for over 325 simulation tests and by analysis of the study results of 15 full-scale ships.

3

Sailing vessel routing considering safety zone and penalty time for altering course

Życzkowski M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 2

235--240

EN

In this paper we introduce new model for simulation sea vessel routing. Besides a vessel types (polar diagram) and weather forecast, travel security and the number of maneuvers are considered. Based on these data both the minimal travelling costs and the minimal processing time are found for different vessels and different routes. To test our model the applications SailingAssistance wad improved. The obtained results shows that we can obtain quite acceptable results.

4

Risk analysis on ship wreck and container cargo to ship navigation

Zaman M.B., Pitana T., Iswantoro A., Aryawan W.D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 1

71--77

EN

Wreck of a ship is an incident that must be avoided. Ship accidents are generally caused by a several cases, such as human error, natural disaster, technical errors, missed communication, poor condition of the ship, and many more. Ship wreckage have huge impact for ship navigation, environment, economics, and others. Those impact have many disadvantages for the shipowners, and also for environment. For examples the fuel spills that pollute the environment, make disturbance to sailing ship because the track for those navigation is blocked by the ship wreck and their cargo especially on shallow location (<50 m). These research will discuss the effect the container when it is floats on the sea and its interference other ships. The main objective of this study is to present a risk assessment on the environmental impact of the wreck and container cargo. Wrecks on the seabed is likely to pose a risk to passing ships. container and its contents as well as the possibility of refloat, and also their environmental risks emanating from the wreck and container cargo, such as fuels, lubricants, and chemical cargo. Variations scenario is a collision between ships that pass by floating containers. The frequency of refloating container, and the consequences of the passing ship depends on several factors, which will be the subject of research. However, because of the frequency of refloating containers is unlikely, then the risk is low and does not pose a danger to navigation. These risk assessment using risk matrix 5x5 which is the combined value of the frequency and consequences of the incident. The results of this study indicate the level of risk, whether the risk is accepted, not accepted or received by considering the costs and benefits (ALARP). To consequence, there are two parameters which energy is absorbed and the penetration occurs. The absorbed energy is divided into two, namely the energy absorbed by ship and the energy absorbed by containers. In this study were taken 5 groups based on the size of the vessel. In this cases any 5 size group of vessels is based on the size of the ships that pass in the shipping lanes at the site of the sinking. Assumed these vessels have speed 10 knots at the location. As well as speed drifting containers having 0 to 3 knots.

5

New system for improving navigation standards (Totem Plus)

Rahav A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 3

409--412

EN

EDA is a tool for auditing vessel’s performance that helps installing strict safety navigation standards on ships. The practice of investigating every near-miss event is common in aviation, but unheard of in the maritime industry. At the same time, major accidents attributed to human errors are increasing, including collisions and groundings that cost lives, pollute the seas and lose property. The idea of EDA, short for E-navigation Data Audit, is simple: analyze the navigational data from VDR and/or ECDIS, find the events that should not have happened (“near misses”), and instruct your ships that it is not the standard you want on your vessels. EDA allows remote auditing on how the bridge team is performing and how the ship is handled, as required by ISM but seldom done. A pilot project for the EDA was carried out during 6 months. The first data showed 18 events of close proximity (“Near-collision”); 4 of them showed severe violation of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREG, 1972). As expected, after sending the EDA first report to the ship, NO such events were found in the next 5 months of the pilot project.

6

Multi-criteria ACO-based algorithm for ship’s trajectory planning

Lazarowska A.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 1

31--36

EN

The paper presents a new approach for solving a path planning problem for ships in the environment with static and dynamic obstacles. The algorithm utilizes a heuristic method, classified to the group of Swarm Intelligence approaches, called the Ant Colony Optimization. The method is inspired by a collective behaviour of ant colonies. A group of agents - artificial ants searches through the solution space in order to find a safe, optimal trajectory for a ship. The problem is considered as a multi-criteria optimization task. The criteria taken into account during problem solving are: path safety, path length, the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs) compliance and path smoothness. The paper includes the description of the new multi-criteria ACO-based algorithm along with the presentation and discussion of simulation tests results.

7

Evaluation method of collision risk by using true motion

Imazu H.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 1

65--70

EN

It is necessary to develop a useful application to use big data like as AIS for safety and efficiency of ship operation. AIS is very useful system to collect targets information, but this information is not effective use yet. The evaluation method of collision risk is one of the cause disturb. Usually the collision risk of ship is evaluated by the value of the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) which is related to a relative motion. So, it becomes difficult to find out a safety pass in a congested water. Here, Line of Predicted Collision (LOPC) and Obstacle Zone by Target (OZT) for evaluation of collision risk are introduced, these values are related to a true motion and it became visible of dangerous place, so it will make easy to find out a safety pass in a congested water.

8

Approach manoeuvre during emergency ship-to-ship transfer operation with oil spill

Witkowska A., Śmierzchalski R., Wilczyński P.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 2

331--337

EN

One of the major activities during Ship to Ship (STS) transfer operation at sea is to safe approach the Ship to be Lightered (SBL) which moves on a constant heading with slow speed or drifting. In the paper described the manoeuvring problem for approaching during emergency STS transfer operation with oil spill. The approach manoeuvre is considered as a sequence of navigation manoeuvres in specific navigational environment with environmental and operational constraints as well as ship dynamic performance. Additional constraints results from STS transfer operation guide and navigation practise.

9

Analysis of the existing parameters of the ports entrances in the world in terms of their design

Kosc-Pawlicka D., Gucma L.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 3

413--416

EN

This article aims to analyse the statistical parameters of waterways forming the entrance to the port and the construction of a model for determining the optimum parameters of the entrance to the port. It has been analyzed parameters of the entrances to the 100 selected global ports, based on the analysis it was examined the interdependence between certain parameters and the impact they have on the maximum size of the ship which can enter to the port. This analysis allowed to develop a model, which can possible to be applied to the entrance of initial port design.