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1

Ship causalities – reasons and statistical analyze

Denev Y.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2022

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Vol. 16 No. 4

607--610

EN

The paper deals with most recently damages caused ship accidents and their number in the World Ocean. A lot of them are a result of bad technical condition or human mistake. The first reason is due to ship age, non- qualitative maintenance and non- qualitative repair of ship hull thought its life cycle, while the second reason is mainly of labour safety neglect. Analyzed period covers 27 years, from 1994 up to 2021. The analyze is done for two ships group- merchant and special ships. The paper described damages on ship hull and its structural members caused ship accidents and environmental pollution in relation with age of ships. The number and degree of marine causalities are analyzed. Moreover, statistical analysis presents the often causalities and areas in the World Ocean by ship and damage types. Finally, probabilistic density distributions of damages were shown by Fisher distribution curve. The damages on Fisher distribution curve are presented independent one another.

2

Analysis of ship accidents based on European statistical surveys

Zalewski Paweł, Posacka Katarzyna

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

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2021

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nr 68 (140)

17--25

EN

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) introduces, adopts, and implements new instruments, such as conventions, resolutions, and guidelines, to prevent and minimize the number and severity of accidents involving ships at sea. The results of international maritime safety requirements introduced in recent years are presented in this paper. The impact of these regulations on ship safety improvement in European marine waters was determined via an analysis of accidents over a seven-year period of 2014–2020. The analysis was based on the classification of accidents by their severity, by the type of ship involved, and by the identified causes or contributing factors. Evident, still existing “weak points” of maritime safety monitoring are emphasized, such as low reporting of incidents and superficial identification of contributing factors. It is worth noting that the technological development of marine electronic systems introduced both positive effects and novel threats to the safety of navigation. An example is an uncritical overreliance on technology and information provided via electronic means and sensors. In this context the usage of integrated, digitized bridge systems in contemporary maritime vessels and future remote control systems was stressed.

3

Improvements to a fire safety management system

Zeńczak Wojciech, Krystosik-Gromadzińska Agata

Polish Maritime Research

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2019

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nr 4

117--123

EN

The statistics invariably show that most onboard fires originate in the engine room. In hazardous conditions, fires can spread to other rooms of the ship and cause the loss of human life, and can cause the ship to be out of service or lost completely. To prevent these serious consequences, the engine room crew should be aware of hazards and ways to prevent them. It is also advisable to support their routine activities and actions in critical situations with an appropriate management system. For this reason, a survey was conducted at the beginning of 2019 of engine room crew members employed by a European shipowner, as a contribution to an analysis of fire safety management. Based on the results of the survey, some of the elements of the fire safety management system of the ship engine room are described. A properly constructed system that is understandable and accepted by the crew is one of the most important factors in increasing fire safety on a ship. Familiarisation with adequate procedures can significantly contribute to the successful prevention of accidents. This paper also proposes a checklist based on suggestions by the crew, which may be helpful in onboard fire prevention.

4

Study of Ship Accident Factors and Ship Routes Correlation

Iskandar, Hasugian S., Fatimah S.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Gdyni

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2018

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nr 107

40--58

EN

The sailing safety was a very important issue that had to be solved in Indonesia. There were accidents causing victims and material losses caused by ship operator’s ignorance and less awareness on safety. The ship operator was responsible for technical matters and to guide human resources. The aim was to map the correlation between ship accident causes and particular routes. The research used the Pearson Product Moment correlation trial to map correlation between accident events to particular routes. The data used was decision report of shipping court published in 2015–2016. Then, the causes were grouped and the result showed that human factor is the main factor of accident. The accident factor had the high correlation with the location where the accident happened.

5

Risk analysis on ship wreck and container cargo to ship navigation

Zaman M.B., Pitana T., Iswantoro A., Aryawan W.D.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2017

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Vol. 11, no. 1

71--77

EN

Wreck of a ship is an incident that must be avoided. Ship accidents are generally caused by a several cases, such as human error, natural disaster, technical errors, missed communication, poor condition of the ship, and many more. Ship wreckage have huge impact for ship navigation, environment, economics, and others. Those impact have many disadvantages for the shipowners, and also for environment. For examples the fuel spills that pollute the environment, make disturbance to sailing ship because the track for those navigation is blocked by the ship wreck and their cargo especially on shallow location (<50 m). These research will discuss the effect the container when it is floats on the sea and its interference other ships. The main objective of this study is to present a risk assessment on the environmental impact of the wreck and container cargo. Wrecks on the seabed is likely to pose a risk to passing ships. container and its contents as well as the possibility of refloat, and also their environmental risks emanating from the wreck and container cargo, such as fuels, lubricants, and chemical cargo. Variations scenario is a collision between ships that pass by floating containers. The frequency of refloating container, and the consequences of the passing ship depends on several factors, which will be the subject of research. However, because of the frequency of refloating containers is unlikely, then the risk is low and does not pose a danger to navigation. These risk assessment using risk matrix 5x5 which is the combined value of the frequency and consequences of the incident. The results of this study indicate the level of risk, whether the risk is accepted, not accepted or received by considering the costs and benefits (ALARP). To consequence, there are two parameters which energy is absorbed and the penetration occurs. The absorbed energy is divided into two, namely the energy absorbed by ship and the energy absorbed by containers. In this study were taken 5 groups based on the size of the vessel. In this cases any 5 size group of vessels is based on the size of the ships that pass in the shipping lanes at the site of the sinking. Assumed these vessels have speed 10 knots at the location. As well as speed drifting containers having 0 to 3 knots.

6

Using NMS-90 simulator for ship accidents reconstruction

Juszkiewicz W.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Akademia Morska w Szczecinie

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2010

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nr 20 (92)

60-66

EN

Simulators are useful in very wide field of current life. Very important is to know their advantages and disadvantages. One of the most important of navigational simulator using is deck officers training. Possibilities of using real collision situations for officers training can seriously improve knowledge about deck officers behavior in dangerous situations. Analysis of the possibility of using the NMS-90 simulator for ship's collision reconstruction was the aim of experiment. Some problems of recorded data accuracy and simulator possibilities influence on accident reconstruction process are described in this paper.

PL

Symulatory są obecnie szeroko wykorzystywane w wielu dziedzinach życia. W związku z tym bardzo istotną kwestią jest znajomość zarówno ich wad, jak i zalet. Jedną z dziedzin, w których wykorzystuje się symulatory nawigacyjne, jest szkolenie oficerów pokładowych. Wykorzystanie w trakcie symulacji sytuacji nawigacyjnych, w których doszło do kolizji statków, powinno znacząco wpłynąć na poznanie sposobu zachowania się nawigatorów, jak i przebiegu procesu podejmowania przez nich decyzji w trudnych sytuacjach nawigacyjnych. Istotą przeprowadzonego w symulatorze eksperymentu było sprawdzenie możliwości wykorzystania symulatora NMS-90 do rekonstrukcji wypadków morskich. W artykule przedstawione zostały wybrane problemy związane z wpływem dokładności zarejestrowanych danych źródłowych oraz możliwości samego symulatora, związanych z dokładnością rekonstrukcji sytuacji kolizyjnych.

7

On the relationships between indexes of merchant vessel accidents and indexes of economy and shipping

Zheng Z., Feng H., Li G.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2007

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Vol. 1, no. 4

441--444

EN

The statistics and analysis of the four accident indexes and the four marine transportation indexes have been carried out to indicate situations of marine safety and marine transportation in China. By grey correlation analysis, the main findings is that the number of marine traffic accidents is mainly determined by the number of merchant vessels; the number of foundering is mainly determined by freight amount, and the number of death and missing is mainly determined by the number of merchant vessels.

8

Innovative probabilistic prediction of accident occurrence

Inoue K., Kawase M.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2007

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Vol. 1, no. 1

19--22

EN

In the present paper, a safety evaluation index that determines the probability of accident occurrence of collision and stranding when the experiment is executed using a ship handling simulator is proposed, by noting Unsafe Ship Handling Situations. The number of Unsafe Ship Handling Situation was counted from the results of simulator trials, and the accident ratio was surveyed from the past records of sea casualties in the corresponding water area. The correlation between the appearance ratio of Unsafe Ship Handling Situation and the accident ratio showed reasonable coincidence with the order of 10-3. When port administrator tries to assess the effectiveness of safety improvement planning of port and harbour facilities, it can be said that this kind of probabilistic prediction model of accident occurrence is indispensable from the aspect of introducing cost effectiveness analysis.