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Wegetatywne bufory środowiskowe w strategii redukcji uciążliwości zapachowej instalacji IPPC, na przykładzie projektu pasa zieleni dla składowiska ZUO w Ścinawce Dolnej

Kwiecińska K., Szałata Ł.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2014

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nr 156 (36)

58--65

PL

Prawo ochrony środowiska nakłada na zarządzających składowiskami odpadów szereg wymagań, mających na celu zapewnienie, by składowisko nie stanowiło zagrożenia dla środowiska naturalnego. Jednym z nich jest konieczność otoczenia składowiska pasem zieleni. Wegetatywne bufory środowiskowe rozmieszczone wokół obiektów emitujących odory, pełnią funkcję bariery biogeochemicznej dla obiektu oraz skutecznie redukują przemieszczanie się gazów złowonnych do sąsiednich nieruchomości.

EN

Polish Environmental Law impose a number of specific requirements to landfill administrators, concerning all measures aimed to prevent the landfill from posing a threat to the environment. Vegetative environmental buffers located around odour emitting objects act as biogeochemical barriers for these objects and effectively reduce propagation of malodorous gases to adjacent areas.

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Nematode communities along the transect shelterbelt - ecotone - crop field

Dmowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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Vol. 55, nr 4

665-680

EN

The study was carried out in western Poland (Turew region) in two shelterbelts of different age (the younger - 6 years old and the older - 11 years old) planted cross croplands, in adjacent field and in the field located in deforested area (control field). Soil samples were taken twice: in the autumn and spring from the centre of each shelterbelt, from the ecotone, and in the field at a distance of 15 and 50 m from the edge of the shelterbelts. The density of nematode communities fluctuated unpredictably, in autumn it was very low and ranged from 276 to 641 x 10[^3] in spring it ranged from 388 to 1931 x 10[^3] individuals per 1 m[^2]. Most numerous trophic groups were: bacterivores, fungivores and obligate plant feeders, while facultative plant feeders, omnivores and predators achieved low level. The abundance of predators in older shelterbelt was significantly (P [less-than or equal to] 0.05) higher than that in the younger one and decreased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the field. The communities in shelterbelt and its ecotone were more diverse, which was reflected by the higher number of genera (19-31) and higher values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index H'(3.3 - 4.0), than those in the fields where the number of genera ranged from 15 to 25 and Shannon-Wiener diversity index H' ranged from 2.5 to 3.5. In the younger shelterbelt and in the control field the soil food-web assessed with indices derived from analysis of nematode communities was considered as composed mainly of basal components, i.e. cosmopolitan species feeding on bacteria and fungi occurring everywhere even in degraded environments. While the web in older shelterbelt was consisted mainly of enrichment components, i.e. bacteria feeding species of very short life cycle, with high food requirements which occur in the environment rich in bacteria. The values of Channel Index which informs about the predominant pathway of decomposition (through bacteria or fungi) showed that in majority of sites bacterial processes predominated. Only in the older shelterbelt the participation of fungal decomposition channel was higher (>50%) and increased with increasing distance from the shelterbelt towards the centre of the field. The results of Correspondence Analysis showed that first two axis explained 40.3% of the variance. The generic composition of nematode communities in the 11 years old shelterbelt differed from that in the 6-years old shelterbelt. Nematode communities inhabiting the ecotone of younger shelterbelt were very similar to the communities in the shelterbelt, while the communities in ecotone of older shelterbelt differed from those in the shelterbelts. Nematode communities inhabiting the control field were similar to those inhabiting the field adjacent to younger shelterbelt.

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Communities of soil microarthropods with special reference to Collembola in midfield shelterbelts

Olejniczak I.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 2

123-133

EN

Density of microarthropods, Collembola and Acarina were studied in 2000 in soil and litter of 7-years old shelterbelt and in nearby field sown by winter wheat in Turew (Wielkopolska Region, West Poland). Samples were taken in the shelterbelt centre and in the field at a distance of 0.5 m, 10m and 50 m from the tree line. Collembola were analysed in soil and in litter samples placed in containers and located in different sited, Acarina only in soil samples. Density of Collembola in soil was found to be higher in the shelterbelt than in the adjacent field (P=0.003). Similar relationship was not, however, noted for insects in litter, density in open field was higher than in the shelterbelt. Density of Acarina in soil decreased gradually with the distance from the shelterbelt (P=0.007). Twenty three species of springtails were found; the highest species richness (12) was noted in shelterbelts, but also in the litter in the open field. The dominant species common for soil and litter were Isotoma notabilis in the shelterbelt while Isotomina thermophila and Isotoma viridis in the field. With the increasing distance from shelterbelt Proisotoma minuta increased its contribution to the soil community, Entomobrya multifasiata was the dominant only in litter. In the field soil, 50 m from woods, the highest share of young individuals was noted. The highest species richness of Oribatida was found in the field margin (18). The Tectocepheus velatus was the dominant species both in the shelterbelt and the field, accounted for 30-70% of the total number of individuals.

4

The impact of a shelterbelt on soil properties an microbial activity in an adjacent corp field

Wojewoda D., Russel S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 3

291-307

EN

Studies were carried out in a 8 years old shelterbelt planted across croplands (D. Chłapowski Landscape Park, region of Wielkopolska, western Poland) and in the easterly adjacent field. The effect of the shelterbelt on: soil organic matter content, soil respiration, microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, mineralization potential of N and total number of bacteria and fungi in the upper soil layer was analysed. Samples were collected along parallel sites situated in the central part of the strip (S), in the wood edge (Es), field edge (Ef) and in the field 10 m (F10) and 50 m (F50) away from the strip. All studied microbial parameters, except for plate counted total numbers of bacteria and fungi, showed a high and significant correlation with soil respiration and microbial biomass. The highest values were found in the wood soil, lowest in the field soil and intermediate in the field edge. Marked vertical differences between layers 0-3 and 3-10 cm were noticed on sites S, Es and Ef while stratification in the field was visible not earlier than 11 months after ploughing. Some parameters: soil organic matter contents, dehydrogenase activity, microbial biomass estimated by fumigation-extraction method and mineralization potential of N, showed a regular pattern along the gradient from the shelterbelt to the middle of the field. The study suggests a favourable effect of a shelterbelt on organic matter content in the adjacent field. This effect may increase with age of the wood strip.

5

The effect of shelterbelts on litter decomposition and fauna of adjacent fields : in situ experiment

Szanser M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 3

309-321

EN

The effect of mid-field shelterbelts on litter decomposition and the numbers and biomass of litter inhabiting invertebrate macrofauna was evaluated. The question was how far into the fields such an effect could reach. To answer this question an experiment was set up, in which a uniform substratum (sand and loam) was laid out inside the metal frames dug in the earth. Litter of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) was laid out on these substrates. Samples were taken from the middle of a seven years old wood strip (S) and along the transect i.e. in the ecotone from its wooded side (Es), from its field side (E[F]) and in the field 10 (F10) and 50 (F50) meters far from the shelterbelt. Decomposition rate of litter was retarded with increasing distance from the shelterbelt. Biomass of the litter dwelling macrofauna was lower in the field as compared to the shelterbelt and ecotones. Input of dead invertebrate mass to the soil under litter decreased also from the shelterbelt towards the field center. At the end of the experiment dead invertebrate biomass contributed to 24% of the total (dead and alive) of animal biomass in the transect. Average contribution of predators to the total animal biomass was the highest in the field ecotone (E[F] - 79%) and the lowest in the field site F50 (56%). A significant negative relationship was found between the density and biomass of predators (Carabidae) and the density and biomass of their potential prey (larvae of Diptera and Collembola) along the whole transect.