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1

On the Influence of the Liner Shape and Charge Detonation Scheme on the Kinetic Characteristics of Shaped Charge Jets and Explosively Formed Penetrators

Voitenko Yuri, Sydorenko Yuri, Zakusylo Roman, Goshovskii Sergii, Zaichenko Stefan, Boyko Viktor

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2023

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Vol. 20, no. 4

417--441

EN

The results of modelling the functioning of shaped charges with different liners and different detonation excitation schemes are presented. The simulation results are compared with experimental data and modelling results by other authors. The shaped charge explosion process was simulated with the help of the authors’ program “Hephaestus” and the ANSYS/AUTODYN program. The results of determining the depth of penetration of cumulative jets into a barrier using the AV model (Allison and Vitali) are compared with experimental data. The dependence of the velocity of the leading part of the copper cumulative jet on the angle at the top of the conical liner is proposed. Attention was paid to the need to take into account the gradient of the properties of the liner material in the simulations.

2

Military technology in mine rescue

Hałys Piotr, Kowalczyk Piotr

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

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2021

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Vol. 53, No. 1(199)

178--197

EN

The sense of security is an individual's one-sided personal expression referring to one's awareness of existing threats and potential possibilities of their prevention. Thus we can observe a permanent development of technologies developed to meet the needs of military operations aimed at neutralizing threats related to explosives of military origin, as well as any improvised explosive devices. Threats are the events that adversely affect life, health, property or the environment, therefore, the mentioned technologies can be used in the civilian market as well. This article presents military systems that have been developed by Alford Technologies Ltd. ('The World's Leading Provider of User-Filled Explosive Chargers and Disruptors'). The systems that have been named ReBar Cutters™ and DIOPLEX™ have been developed to save the lives of soldiers, military equipment and any relevant infrastructure while conducting a wide scope of combat operations throughout the world. The systems can for example be easily used as an alternative support for mining rescue teams during mine rescue operations. The authors intend to present the above-mentioned systems due to their precision, accuracy, and most importantly, because the products are user-filled and therefore can be prepared on site and ready to use very fast. Tests of systems named ReBar Cutters™ and DIOPLEX™ presented in the study were carried out in Zakłady Górnicze Polkowice-Sieroszowice Oddział KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. at a depth of 850 m in order to check their effectiveness in the future environment (pressure, humidity, temperature, dust). The presented shaped charges with cumulative insert were elaborated with explosives used in mining – RIOPRIME 25 (Mini Primer) and ERGODYN 22E – and used for the cut steel structural elements (steel anchor rod), steel leveling cable, sheathed electric mining cable and an element form bucket loader type LKP 903. The tests were not financed, and the obtained results were part of the research in one of the author's PhD dissertation.

PL

Poczucie bezpieczeństwa to wyraz jednostronnego aspektu podmiotu, odnoszący się do świadomości istnienia zagrożeń i wiedzy o możliwościach zapobiegania niebezpieczeństwom. Stąd zauważyć można permanentny rozwój technologii opracowywanych na potrzeby działań wojskowych ukierunkowanych na neutralizację zagrożeń związanych z przedmiotami wybuchowymi pochodzenia wojskowego, jak i improwizowanych urządzeń wybuchowych. Zagrożenia to zdarzenia, które mogą wpływać niekorzystnie na życie, zdrowie, mienie lub środowisko, więc jak praktyka wskazuje, technologie te mogą również być używane na rynku cywilnym. Opisywane w artykule systemy ReBar Cutters™ i DIOPLEX™ opracowane przez firmę Alford Technologies Ltd. mające w praktyce ratować życie żołnierzy, sprzęt i infrastrukturę w rejonach konfliktów zbrojnych mogą stanowić realne, alternatywne wsparcie systemu ratownictwa górniczego. W ramach realizacji zadań związanych z ratowaniem życia ludzkiego może zaistnieć konieczność pokonania przeszkód w postaci stalowych elementów stanowiących infrastrukturę techniczną wyrobiska. W przypadku braku możliwości użycia standardowego sprzętu ratowniczego (np. pneumatycznego) może zaistnieć konieczność użycia systemów wykorzystujących materiały wybuchowe, o których istnieniu, jak i możliwościach warto wiedzieć. Intencją autorów jest zaprezentowanie powyższych systemów używanych w wojsku ze względu na ich precyzję działania oraz łatwość, szybkość i prostotę przygotowania gotowego ładunku w miejscu jego użycia. Przedstawione w opracowaniu testy systemów ReBar Cutters™ i DIOPLEX™ przeprowadzone zostały w Zakładach Górniczych Polkowice-Sieroszowice Oddziale KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. na głębokości 850 m w celu sprawdzenia ich skuteczności działania w przyszłym środowisku (ciśnienie, wilgotność, temperatura, zapylenie). Kształtki obu systemów elaborowane były górniczymi materiałami wybuchowymi RIOPRIME 25 (Mini Primer) oraz ERGODYN 22E i użyte do przecięcia stalowych elementów konstrukcyjnych (kotwy), stalowej liny wyrównawczej, kabla elektroenergetycznego oraz elementu z lemiesza ładowarki łyżkowej typu LKP 903. Testy nie były finansowane, a uzyskane wyniki stanowiły element badań w pracy doktorskiej jednego z autorów.

3

Influence of the Striker Material on the Results of High-Speed Impact at a Barrier

Voitenko Yuri, Zakusylo Roman, Zaychenko Stefan

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2021

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Vol. 18, no. 3

405--423

EN

In this work the influence of the characteristics of the material of the striker (cumulative jet or projectile), moving at speeds of 2-10 km/s, on the volume of the resulting crater in a metal target, has been studied. The dependence of the crater volume in an aluminum alloy target of Cu-Al, W-Cu-Pb-Al composites, and steel St45 for a PTFE-Cu composite, were investigated. The outer diameter and height of the shaped charges were 26 and 28, and 31 and 33 mm, respectively. The mass of the explosive (phlegmatized hexogen) in these charges was 10 and 18 g. A comparison was made between the ratios of the kinetic energy of the striker to the volume of the crater formed for the composites PTFE-Al, PTFE-Cu, Cu-Al, Ni-Al, W-Cu-Pb, and porous materials Cu and Al. It was demonstrated that the chemical interaction of the components of the porous Cu-Al and Ni-Al composites during penetration into the barrier is possible at an impact velocity of at least 2-3 km/s and a porosity of at least 30%.

4

Selected issues of increasing the fire effectiveness of combat vehicles

Bazela Rafał

Journal of KONBiN

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2020

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Vol. 50, iss. 3

417--438

EN

The research paper reviews selected issues associated with the current state of the armoured (tanks) and infantry fighting vehicle technology, with particular emphasis on the operating effectiveness of elongated sub-calibre projectiles fired from tank guns, which enable full perforation of ca. 500 mm thick armour steel plates. Their efficiency is comparable with the impact of shaped heads with armour steel penetration capabilities, and amounts from 6 to 8 calibres – warhead diameters. Furthermore, the paper discusses a numerical analysis, which shows the velocities of elongated projectiles (of tungsten matrix sinters) required to achieve a determined armour steel penetration depth. In addition, it also presents the performance characteristics of two 100 mm calibre shaped warheads, with copper inserts and apex angles of 51° and 60°.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane problemy dotyczące aktualnego stanu techniki pancernej (czołgów) oraz wozów bojowych piechoty, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem skuteczności działania wydłużonych pocisków podkalibrowych wystrzeliwanych z armat czołgowych, umożliwiających pełną perforację płyt ze stali pancernej o grubościach około 500 mm. Ich skuteczność porównywalna jest z oddziaływaniem głowic kumulacyjnych o zdolności penetracji stali pancernej, wynoszącej od 6 do 8 kalibrów-średnic głowicy. W pracy ponadto przedstawiono analizę numeryczną, pokazującą jakie są wymagane prędkości pocisków wydłużonych (ze spieków na osnowie wolframowej) dla uzyskania określonej głębokości penetracji w stali pancernej. Ponadto zaprezentowano charakterystyki działania dwóch głowic kumulacyjnych o kalibrze 100 mm z wkładkami z miedzi o kątach wierzchołkowych 51° i 60°.

5

The Shooting Tests of Target Perforating Ability, Performed on Cast Concrete Cylinders

Habera Łukasz, Hebda Kamil, Koślik Piotr, Sałaciński Tomasz

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2020

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Vol. 17, no. 4

584--599

EN

In this paper, the first results of the applicability of shaped charges with a single liner, of a conical and of an axially-symmetric elliptical shape, are compared. The shaped charges were of an analogous type. The outer diameter and the height of the shaped charges were 39 and 42 mm, respectively. The mass of the explosive (flegmatized hexogen) in these charges was 27 g. The charges with the conical liner were commercially available. All liners used in these tests were made according to the same technology, as well as being of the same material, i.e. electrolytic copper. Two series of tests were carried out for shaped charges with the elliptical liner, i.e. 11 and 12 shots, with or without a distance plate between the shaped charge and the concrete shooting model (core), respectively. For comparison, 4 shots for each of these configurations were executed for commercial shaped charges with a conical liner. The distance plate was made of mild steel and its dimensions were 50×50×10 mm. All of the concrete cores used were uniform in the shape of a cylinder, with diameter 160 ±10 mm and height 1200 ±10 mm, and were prepared in a single-batch process. The tests were completed under outdoor conditions at ambient temperature. of 0.1 mm, were used to create 3D numerical visualisation of the perforation channels in the concrete cores created by the tested shaped charges. The 3D images allowed the depths to be measured, together with the volumes and degrees of uniformity of these channels. On the basis of these images, it was determined that the volume of the perforation channels created when using shaped charges with an elliptical liner were in the range 230-557 cm3, while the volumes created by commercial shaped charges were in the range 105-201 cm3. This is because charges with an elliptically shaped liner produced longer perforation channels than their analogues with conical liners. The tested shaped charges enclosing a single liner of an axially-symmetric elliptical shape assures better opening of a hydrocarbon reservoir in the downhole conditions of oil and gas wells, as compared to its analogous traditional form, with a conical liner.

6

New Functional Materials in Mechanical Engineering and Geology

Voitenko Yuri I., Zakusylo Roman V., Wojewódka Andrzej T., Gontar Pavlo A., Gerlich Marcin M., Drachuk Oleksanr G.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2019

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Vol. 16, no. 1

135--149

EN

New composite materials are proposed, which allow shaped charges to be used with increased efficiency, for purposes, such as special engineering and geotechnical applications, as well as in other industries. The main determinant of efficiency is the volume of the hole created in the target. The future directions of new materials production for shaped charges are shown.

7

Application of BCHMX in Shaped Charges against RHA Targets Compared to Different Nitramine Explosives

Elbeih A., Elshenawy T., Zeman S., Akstein Z.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2018

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Vol. 15, no. 1

3--17

EN

In this work, a new bicyclic nitramine, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole (bicyclo-HMX or BCHMX), has been tested for its performance as a shaped charge explosive filler in comparison with three other interesting cyclic nitramines. Four shaped charges were prepared using different nitramine-based plastic bonded explosives (PBXs), and their performance was measured experimentally in terms of the penetration depth into laminated rolled homogeneous armour (RHA) targets. The explosive fillers were highly pressed PBXs based on RDX, HMX, BCHMX and CL-20, bonded by Viton A binder. The Autodyn numerical hydrocode was implemented to determine the shaped charge jet’s characteristics and its penetration depth. The experimental and calculated detonation characteristics of the explosives used are reported. Relationships between the detonation characteristics of the explosives and the jet characteristics were observed. The results show that CL-20 is the most powerful explosive, with the largest penetration depth into the RHA target, while BCHMX explosive has a relatively enhanced penetration depth with respect to RDX explosive. The results of the Autodyn code calculations are consistent with the experimental measurements, with a maximum difference of 6.6%.

8

Performance and Detonation Characteristics of Polyurethane Matrix Bonded Attractive Nitramines

Elbeih A., Wafy T. Z., Elshenawy T.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2017

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Vol. 14, no. 1

77--89

EN

Several cast-cured plastic bonded explosives (PBXs) based on cyclic nitramines bonded by a polyurethane matrix have been prepared and studied. The nitramines were ε-CL20 (ε-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane, ε-HNIW), BCHMX (bicyclo-HMX, cis-1,3,4,6-tetranitro-octahydroimidazo-[4,5-d]imidazole), RDX (1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane) and HMX (1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazacyclooctane). The detonation velocities were measured experimentally. The brisance of the prepared compositions was determined by the Kast method. The penetration performance of shaped charges filled with the prepared compositions was measured experimentally. The detonation parameters of the studied compositions and the individual explosives were calculated using the EXPLO5 thermodynamic code. It was concluded that CL20-HTPB has the highest detonation characteristics and performance of all of the prepared PBXs. BCHMX-HTPB is an interesting PBX with performance and detonation characteristics higher than those of RDX-HTPB. A linear relationship between the detonation pressures of the prepared PBXs and their performances in terms of the explosive brisance was observed; while the penetration depths formed by the shaped charge jets depended on the Gurney velocity of the studied PBXs samples.

9

Experimental Study on the Heat Resistant Explosive 5,5’-Bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2’-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (TKX-55): the Jet Penetration Capability and Underwater Explosion Performance

Klapötke T. M., Witkowski T. G., Wilk Z., Hadzik J.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 4

821--837

EN

Ongoing research to find new explosives which are stable at high temperatures focuses on compounds which comply with the strict requirements which must be fulfilled in order for a compound to be of use in deep oil-well and gas drilling applications. Great efforts have been focused on the development of new, thermally stable explosives which are stable at even higher temperatures than hexanitrostilbene, and which also show superior performance. In the group of recently synthesized thermally stable explosives, 5,5’-bis(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)-2,2’-bi(1,3,4-oxadiazole) (TKX-55) is one of the most promising prospective candidates for use in practical applications, due to its physicochemical properties as well as its convenient synthesis. Therefore, further investigation into the performance of TKX-55 in shaped charge applications was undertaken. This study was focused on the investigation of the jet penetration capability of conical shaped charges filled with TKX-55, in comparison with recently used other explosives. The kinetic energy of the jet depends on the brisance of the explosive which is used. In order to experimentally investigate the shattering effect of TKX-55, the Underwater Explosion Test was applied. Based on the collected data, the total energy, as the sum of the primary shock wave energy (the brisance) and the bubble gas energy (the heaving effect), was calculated.

10

A Modified Penetration Model for Copper-Tungsten Shaped Charge Jets with Non-uniform Density Distribution

Elshenawy T., Elbeih A., Li Q. M.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2016

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Vol. 13, no. 4

927--943

EN

The penetration of a shaped charge jet with non-uniform density distribution was studied. The virtual origin model, which assumes a constant jet density, was modified to include the situation where the jet density deficit/reduction of an un-sintered copper-tungsten powder jet causes a non-uniform jet density distribution. A relation between the relative density ratio and the normalised jet velocity is proposed, based on which an analytical solution of the modified virtual origin model is obtained. The validity of the modified virtual origin model was demonstrated by its largely improved prediction in comparison with experimental and numerical results. It showed that the density reduction term reduces the penetration depth by 16.58% for an un-sintered copper-tungsten powder jet.

11

Badania skuteczności ochronnej wielowarstwowego plateru tytan-aluminium na działanie strumienia kumulacyjnego

Wilk Z., Koślik P., Gałka A.

Materiały Wysokoenergetyczne

|

2015

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T. 7

63--72

PL

W pracy przedstawiono badania balistyczne - poligonowe, w których poddano ocenie zdolności ochronne na działanie strumienia kumulacyjnego wielowarstwowego plateru z tytanu i aluminium (7 warstw o grubości łącznej 28 mm). Badany układ wielowarstwowy otrzymano metodą platerowania wybuchowego w jednym cyklu technologicznym odpowiednio z naprzemiennie ułożonych warstw: Ti10mm + Al3mm + Ti3mm + Al3mm + Ti3mm + Al3mm + Ti3mm. W testach zastosowano małokalibrowe ładunki kumulacyjne o średnicy wkładki 32 mm, kącie wierzchołkowym 60º i zawartości 18 g materiału wybuchowego na bazie heksogenu (typu H-Pp-32/60). Wyznaczano głębokość perforacji i objętość powstałego krateru w stosie płytek kontrolnych o grubości 10 mm ze stali typu S235, na którym był umieszczany badany plater. Na tej podstawie szacowano zdolność pochłaniania energii kinetycznej strumienia przez układ wielowarstwowy Ti/Al-28mm. Ze względu na niesymetryczną konstrukcję plateru, analizie poddano jego skuteczność ochronną w zależności od strony oddziaływania ładunku kumulacyjnego.

EN

This paper presents the results of ballistic tests of protective capacity a layer system of titanium and aluminum (7 layers with a total thickness of 28 mm) of explosive charge influence. The tested multilayer system was made by explosive welding in a single technological cycle appropriately with of alternating layers: Ti10mm + Al3mm + Ti3mm + Al3mm + Ti3mm + Al3mm + Ti3mm. In the experiments small caliber liner shaped charges a diameter of 32 mm/60º and 18 g of explosive materials based on hexogen (type H-Pp-32/60) were used. The depth of the perforation and the volume of crater in the stack control plates of thickness 10 mm with steel S235 type were determined. Base on this results the absorption capacity of kinetic energy by the multilayer stream of Ti/Al was estimated. Furthermore, analysis piercing jet cumulative multilayer protective system were performed.

12

Badania eksperymentalne wpływu deformacji ładunku kumulacyjnego na zmniejszenie skuteczności strumienia kumulacyjnego

Panowicz R., Kołodziejczyk D., Szymańczyk L.

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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2013

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R. 42, z. 126

41--48

PL

W poniższej pracy przedstawione zostały wyniki badań eksperymentalnych wpływu deformacji ładunku kumulacyjnego na zmniejszenie skuteczności strumienia kumulacyjnego. Celowo utworzone deformacje ładunku wpłynęły na imperfekcje wkładki kumulacyjnej oraz materiału wybuchowego. Efektem tego była utrata symetrii w osi ładunku. Imperfekcje te miały niekorzystny wpływ na proces tworzenia się strumienia kumulacyjnego, co udało się potwierdzić opisanymi poniżej badaniami eksperymentalnymi. Wytworzone sztucznie deformacje ładunku kumulacyjnego uformowane były na wzór deformacji, jakie mają miejsce podczas zderzenia pocisku typu PG 7 z ochronnym pancerzem prętowym. Zostało to wcześniej potwierdzone przeprowadzeniem odpowiednich badań poligonowych w ramach projektu obrony pasywnej pojazdów. Przedstawione poniżej badania można więc potraktować jako kontynuację tych prac w kontekście zjawiska kumulacji. Są one również potwierdzeniem skuteczności pancerza prętowego, pokazując jak niewielka deformacja ładunku kumulacyjnego skutecznie zaburza cały proces kumulacji. Praca ta pozwala wnioskować, że do skutecznego zaburzenie strumienia kumulacyjnego wystarczająca jest deformacja ładunku bez konieczności jego uszkadzania w postaci nieciągłości materiału (rozerwania zewnętrznego poszycia, wkładki lub materiału wybuchowego).

EN

The basic aim of the paper is to presents the results of experimental studies of the shaped charge deformation impact on the reduction of the shaped charge jet. Imperfections of a cumulative liner, explosives and a cover were introduced intentionally. The imperfection resulted in the loss of symmetry in the axis of the charge. These imperfections have an adverse effect on the formation of the shaped charge jet, which was confirmed by experimental studies described below. Deformations introduced into the shape charge corresponded to the situations that take place during an interaction between PG 7 missile and a slat armour. It was previously confirmed by suitable field tests within the frameworks of the project of passive defence of vehicles against a missile with a shape charge warhead. The following tests may therefore be regarded as a continuation of these works in the context of the influence of the interaction between PG 7 missile and the slat armour on the phenomenon of the shaped charge jet. They also confirm the effectiveness of the bar armour, showing how a small deformation of the shape charge effectively interferes with the jet formation. This work allows us to conclude that the effective disorder of the shape charge jet formation is sufficient distortion of the charge without damage (rupture of the outer skin, liner or explosive).

13

Technological Problems Encountered During the Elaboration of a Warhead component with a diaphragm

Wiśniewski A.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2013

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Vol. 10, no. 3

439--452

EN

This paper presents a method for pressing a small shaped piece with a diaphragm made from light inertial material, intended for use as a tandem shaped charge principal warhead. The general requirements for the pressing moulds are shown. The pressing method for the small shaped piece is described with the use of the high explosive OKFOL. It concerns the pressed explosive mass, the method of mould lubrication, pressing pressure, the number of pressing steps, the method of removal of the pressed small shaped piece from the mould, and the proportions of the granulated to crushed OKFOL and its density after pressing. Very high, measured densities of the pressed OKFOL in the small shaped piece at different cross-sections (bottom − top of the shaped piece) 1.761-1.813 g/cm3, i.e. (95.5-98.3)% of the calculated theoretical density of 1.84 g/cm3 were obtained for the explosive with a phlegmatizer content of 3.6%. During the trials the following damage can occur: cracking along the side of the cone, breaking off of some of the cylinder surface, breaking away of the shaped piece bottom during extraction. The accuracy of the shaped pieces produced, particularly their coaxiality, ensured the proper function of the tandem shaped charge warhead.

14

Experimental and model scale tests of an additional protection structure against RPG rockets

Kupidura P., Leciejewski Z., Panowicz R., Surma Z., Sybilski K., Trębiński R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Pojazdów / Politechnika Warszawska

|

2012

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z. 3/89

81--88

EN

The results of experimental tests with RPG rocket of 1:3 scale striking the model of a bar armour are presented in this paper. The tests were conducted for square cross section bars being fixed into numerous configurations (regarding distance between bars, angle of attack etc.). For this purpose, the special laboratory stand enabled to accelerate projectile’s model to appropriate velocity was developed. The laboratory stand description, its numerical model and results of simulations are also included. Obtained results of firing tests were compared to these ones, acquired with numerical simulations. To perform the analyses LS-DYNA software based on the finite element method with algorithm of explicit integration in time was used. The objective of the presented numerical simulations was to examine consistency with experimental investigations, which was proven in excellent extend. These results have been finally used during development of cage armour for light armoured vehicles.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych procesu zderzenia modelu pocisku granatnikowego w skali 1:3 z modelem pancerza prętowego. Badania przeprowadzono dla prętów o przekroju kwadratowym dla różnych odległości między prętami, kątów nachylenia struktury ochronnej itp. W tym celu zostało wykonane stanowisko laboratoryjne do napędzania modeli pocisków do wymaganych prędkości. Otrzymane wyniki porównano następnie z wynikami symulacji numerycznych, przeprowadzonych przy pomocy programu LS-DYNA, wykazując dużą zgodność. Zaprezentowane wyniki zostały następnie wykorzystane podczas opracowywania pancerza prętowego dla lekkich pojazdów opancerzonych.

15

Explosive Characteristics and Shaped Charge Applications of Nitromethane (NM): A Review

Shekhar H.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

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2012

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Vol. 9, nr 1

87-97

EN

Nitromethane (NM or CH3NO2 ) has a wide range of applications as a detonating homogeneous liquid explosive. Although, its use as a liquid propellant is more pronounced, the determination and characterization of NM and its mixtures for their various detonation properties has gained in importance. Various researchers have performed initiation studies of NM by shock and jet, and the presence of a superdetonation zone has also been debated. The opacity or otherwise of the reaction and detonation zones has been investigated experimentally. Sensitization or dilution of NM by various additives and the effect on the detonation behavior has also been investigated. In recent times, the use of NM as a field-filled homogeneous filling in shaped charges for the disposal of unexploded ordnance has gained in importance. The experimental observations and related theoretical aspects for the use of NM as a filling for shaped charges are illustrated in this article. Overall, NM can be thought suitable as a viable future alternative for both commercial and military applications.

16

Protection of Light Armours Against Shaped Charge Projectiles

Wiśniewski A.

Problemy Mechatroniki : uzbrojenie, lotnictwo, inżynieria bezpieczeństwa

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2010

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Vol. 1, Nr 2 (2)

17-25

EN

The hereby work describes the examples of protection of light fighting vehicles armoured with additional reactive armours. The way of protecting of light fighting vehicles with the use of composite-reactive armours against penetration with HEAT projectiles (with a penetration ability of 300 mm RHA) and against small calibre (up to 14,5 mm) armour-piercing bullets are shown on the example of the BWP-1.Technical parameters of the CERAWA-1 armour and the its assembly on BWP-1 are presented. The hereby work also presents the results of static tests of several variants of reactive-passive panels of light fighting vehicles against PG-7 projectiles' perforation at the angle of 60° and 72° from normal to the cassette surface. Depending on the surface mass of the light reactive-passive armour panels, different levels of damage to the armour witness plate were achieved.

17

Assesment of usefulness of analytical model for predicting shaped charge jet parameters

Trębiński R.

Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia

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2009

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R. 38, z. 109

17--22

EN

An assessment of usefulness of the analytical model of shaped charge jet formation proposed in [6] has been presented. Results of calculations of jet parameters by the analytical model and by a hydrocode have been compared with the results of experiments. Basing on the results of the comparison, conclusions have been formulated concerning usefulness of the analytical model.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ocenę przydatności zaproponowanego w [6] analitycznego modelu formowania się strumienia kumulacyjnego do przewidywania parametrów strumienia. Porównano wyniki obliczeń parametrów strumienia za pomocą modelu analitycznego i kodu numerycznego z wynikami eksperymentu. Na podstawie wyników porównania, sformuowano wnioski odnośnie przydatności modelu analitycznego.

18

Koncepcja stanowiska do eksperymentalnych badań wkładek kumulacyjnych w fazie redukcji

Jackowski A.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2005

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Vol. 54, nr 2-3

135-147

PL

W pracy przedstawiono koncepcję stanowiska do badań wkładek kumulacyjnych w początkowej fazie redukcji i tworzenia się strumienia kumulacyjnego oraz umożliwiającego odzyskiwanie wkładek po próbach. W modelowym rozwiązaniu zastosowano układ symulavyjny, w którym redukcja wkładki zachodzi w wyniku oddziaływania na nią fali uderzeniowej, generowanej w wodzie przez ładunek materiału wybuchowego. W pracy oparto się na wynikach badań przedstawionych w [1] Na podstawie przeprowadzonej analizy sformuowano wnioski dotyczace charakterystyki geometrycznej układu badawczego. Oszacowano także maksymalne wartości ciśnienia obciążającego wkładkę dla kilku wariantów masy ładunku zastosowanego ładunku wybuchowego.

EN

The conceptual design study of stand for researches of the shaped charge liners during early stage of collapse and formation of the jet are presented in this paper. In this design the recovery of liners after tests was assumpted. Collaps of the liner realised by shock wave generated into water by explosive charge was used in model system simulation. This paper based on reults presented in [1]. The conclusions about geometry characteristic of experimental stand were formulated on the basis analysis. The maximum value of the liner load pressure for same variants of mass explosive was estimated.

19

Investigation of pores collapse in the initial phase of shaped charge liner reduction

Jackowski A.

Journal of Technical Physics

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2003

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Vol. 44, no 1

83-98

EN

The method and experimental results of investigations of shaped charge liner reduction during early stage of collapse are presented in this paper. The liners made of sintered copper with porosity of 6, 8, 10 and 15% were examined. The tests for two variants of loading pressure were carried out. From the research it follows that during early phase of liners collapse, the decay of pores does not occur. Verification of experimental results, on the basis of theoretical model of compression of porous material, was made.

20

Badanie odpowiedzi modelowego pancerza reaktywnego na uderzenie strumienia kumulacyjnego

Cudziło S., Trębiński R., Trzciński W.

Biuletyn Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej

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2002

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Vol. 51, nr 3

123-138

PL

W pracy badano eksperymentalnie i teoretycznie odpowiedź modelowego pancerza reaktywnego na uderzenie strumienia kumulacyjnego. Dokonano analizy procesu napędzania metalowych płytek pancerza gazowymi produktami detonacji zainicjowanej w osłoniętej warstwie materiału wybuchowego strumieniem kumulacyjnym o różnym kącie natarcia. Ruch płytek rejestrowano na dwóch prostopadłych kierunkach techniką rentgenografii impulsowej. Do teoretycznej analizy procesu miotania zastosowano uproszczony model uwzględniający deformację płyt i skończony czas ich przyśpieszania, zaproponowany w pracy [1]. Otrzymane z eksperymentu oraz modelowania numerycznego czasowo-przestrzenne charakterystyki ruchu elementów modelowego pancerza reaktywnego mogą być wykorzystane w procesie projektowania głowic kumulacyjnych przeznaczonych do zwalczania pancerzy osłoniętych pancerzem reaktywnym.

EN

In the paper, the reaction of a model reactive armour to an attack of a shaped charge jet was studied in experimental and theoretical ways. An analysis of the process of driving metal plates of the armour by the gaseous products of the detonation initiated in confined layer of explosive by the jet at various incidence angles was performed. The pulse X-ray photography was applied to record the motion of plates at two perpendicular directions. The theoretical analysis was performed by using a simple model, in which the plate deformation and finite time of its acceleration were taken into account. The time-space characteristics of motion of model reactive armour elements obtained from experiment and numerical modelling can be applied for design cumulative heads destined for destroying armours protected by reactive armour.