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1

Long-term changes in phytoplankton and macrophyte communities in an eutrophic shallow reservoir and prospects for its restoration

Rusanov Alexander, Trifonova Irina, Ignatyeva Natalia, Pavlova Oksana

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2020

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Vol. 49, No. 2

168--183

EN

Long-term changes in hydrochemistry and community structure of phytoplankton and macrophytes were analyzed in the Sestroretskiy Razliv reservoir (northwestern Russia). The average content of total phosphorus (TP) in May–October increased from 73 μg P l-1 in 1980 to 163 μg P l-1 in 2000. A significant increase in average chlorophyll a content from 16.6 μg l-1 in 1980 to 84.7 μg l-1 in 2000 and a shift in phytoplankton composition to the dominance of cyanobacteria over diatoms indicated a change in the trophic status of the reservoir from meso-eutrophic to hypertrophic. In 2016 and 2018, average TP was 96 and 101 μg P l-1, respectively. The average content of chlorophyll a was 43.6 μg l-1 in 2016 and 66.6 μg l-1 in warmer 2018, indicating persistent eutrophic conditions. Diatoms dominated both in 2016 and 2018, especially in 2016 characterized by unfavorable weather conditions. Cyanobacteria were more abundant in 2018 with higher summer temperatures. The decline of the total area covered by aquatic vegetation from 157 ha in 1980 to 76 ha in 2016 likely resulted from an increase in phytoplankton biomass and water turbidity. Based on the results of our observations, in addition to further reduction in nutrient loading, biomanipulation by introducing predatory fish as a restoration measure was proposed to improve the ecological status of the reservoir.

2

Reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis (Oligochaeta) in shallow eutrophic lakes

Żbikowski J., Mimier D., Żbikowska E.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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Vol. 47, No. 2

181--189

EN

The aim of the study was to indicate the abiotic parameters of water and bottom sediments, which significantly affect the reproduction of Potamothrix hammoniensis in 9 shallow eutrophic lakes, of which 5 were dominated by macrophytes and 4 – by phytoplankton. Samples were collected once a month from January to December 2012. The percentage of Potamothrix hammoniensis individuals with a developed reproductive system varied in individual lakes and ranged from 14 to 72%. There was no correlation between the distinguished lake types and the proportion of sexually mature individuals. The reproductive activity was not observed in summer and early autumn. Among the measured parameters, the highest values of the Pearson correlation coefficient were found between the percentage of individuals with a developed reproductive system and the conductivity (r = 0.69; p < 0.001), pH (r = 0.51; p = 0.002) and the organic matter content in the sediments (r = −0.42; p = 0.012). It is worth noting that there was no correlation between the percentage of sexually mature specimens and the water temperature (r = −0.22, p = 0.204) and the oxygen concentration (r = −0.08; p = 0.648).

3

Effects of lake transparency on diversity of microhabitats for chironomid communities

Tarkowska-Kukuryk M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 3

575--588

EN

The study investigated the effect of microhabitat (emergent/submerged macrophytes) within lakes of different status (transparent/cloudy water) on the diversity and distribution of chironomid assemblages. Field and laboratory studies were undertaken bimonthly, from January to November 2008, in two shallow lakes of Polesie Lubelskie (eastern Poland), transparent water and cloudy water lake. The main objectives of the study were to compare the density and taxonomic richness of chironomids associated with emergent and submerged macrophytes within lakes of extremely different environmental conditions and to recognize the most important variables affected chironomid distribution between microhabitats within lakes. In transparent water lake, number of chironomid taxa varied between 12 (emergent macrophytes) and 18 taxa (submerged macrophytes) and was significantly higher than in cloudy water lake, 6 and 8 taxa, respectively. Mean abundance of chironomids associated with emergent macrophytes was higher in cloudy water lake. The opposite relation was observed on submerged macrophytes. The PCA analysis showed visible distinction of chironomid assemblages between microhabitats and lake types. The results of RDA led to determine the significant variables (Monte-Carlo permutation test) affected chironomid distribution. In both, transparent and cloudy water lake, the significant variables responsible for chironomids distinction between microhabitats were density and biomass of macrophytes, biomass of periphytic algae and pH. Moreover, nutrients, N-NO3 (transparent water lake) and P-PO4 (cloudy water lake), showed the significant influence.

4

Composition and distribution of epiphytic midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) in relation to emergent macrophytes cover in shallow lakes

Tarkowska-Kukuryk M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 1

141-151

EN

The influence of emergent macrophytes (dominated by Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud.) on the species composition, richness and abundance of epiphytic midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) was studied in five shallow lakes of eastern Poland during three seasons (May, July and October) of 2001. The lakes represented three states: clear (macrophyte dominated), intermediate (phytoplankton-macrophyte dominated) and turbid (phytoplankton dominated). The trophic status of lake strongly affected the assemblages of chironomids living on the surfaces of common reed. Habitat conditions regulated mostly densities and relative abundance of midge taxa and did not have any significant influence on the number of taxa. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis of epiphytic fauna showed the significance of 5 environmental variables: Secchi disc visibility, dissolved oxygen, reed density, concentration of total phosphorous and epiphytic chlorophyll-a. The analysis separated epiphytic midges into two groups. The first group included taxa limited by low oxygen content and water transparency and corresponds with clear state habitats. To the second group belong taxa typical of eutrophic waters with densities determined by the concentrations of total phosphorous and chlorophyll-a, common in lakes of intermediate state and in particular of turbid state.

5

Influence of spatial distribution of submerged macrophytes on Chironomidae assemblages in the shallow lakes

Tarkowska-Kukuryk M., Kornijów R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 4

569-579

EN

The influence of submerged macrophytes on composition, abundance and distribution of epiphytic and benthic chironomids was investigated in five lakes differing in the development of vegetation cover. Studied lakes represented three types, classified according to the concept of Alternative Stable States as: macrophyte dominated MD (dense vegetation), phytoplankton-macrophyte dominated PMD (sparse, patchy vegetation) and phytoplankton dominated PD (lack of submerged vegetation). Both zoocenosis responded differently to the changes in macrophyte cover. The density and biomass of benthic midges (density and biomass per m[^2] of bottom surface) were visibly higher in the patchy vegetated lakes; the abundance of epiphytic chironomids did not show any regularity. The species composition of epiphytic chironomids differed visibly between particular lake types, changed with the decrease of macrophyte cover. The composition of benthic midges was similar in all lake types. The studies showed at strong dependence of the proportion of epiphytic to benthic chironomids on the cover of macrophytes. In MD lakes the phytophilous midges were more abundant than benthic; in PMD lakes we observed the opposite pattern.

6

Deposition rate of lake sediments under different alternative stable states

Gąsiorowski M.

Geochronometria

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2008

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Vol. 32

29-35

EN

Sediments of five shallow lakes in Polesie Lubelskie region (Eastern Poland), representing a wide range of nutrient concentration, were dated by Pb-210 method and reliable age-depth models were constructed. These models were a base for studies of relationship between status of lake biocenoses and rate of sedimentation in the lakes. The sedimentation rate does not depend on ecological status of studied lakes. The highest mean sedimentation rate was found in phytoplankton-dominated (Lake Syczyńskie) and phytoplanktonmacrophyte- dominated (Lake Sumin) lakes. Macrophyte-dominated lakes represented intermediate values of deposition rate. Lake depth, area and hydrology are more important factors controlling sedimentation rate. The sedimentation rate was rather stable or changed over the time, depending on human management in the lakes’ drainage basins.

7

Periphytic algal communities : a comparison of Typha angustifolia L. and Chara tomentosa L. beds in three shallow lakes (West Poland)

Messyasz Beata, Kuczyńska-Kippen Natalia

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 1

15-27

EN

The examination of the composition and dynamics of periphytic communities took place in three lakes of similar morphometry . Lake Wielkowiejskie, Budzyńskie and Dębiniec, situated in the Wielkopolska region, (Western Poland). These lakes are typical macrophyte-dominated, shallow and polymictic water bodies. Periphyton was collected from two macrophyte-covered stations, including the rush vegetation station (Typha angustifolia L.) and the stonewort stand (Chara tomentosa L.) in each examined lake. The material was sampled three times in 2003, including the spring (April), summer (July) and autumn (September) seasons, from the same parts of the lakes.The aim of the study was to find out whether there is an influence of particular macrophyte species, differing spatially and morphologically and representing two different ecological types of aquatic vegetation, on the development of particular periphytic species. There was also an attempt at answering the question of what is more important in the structuring of the periphytic communities - the specific architecture of the macrophyte substratum or the physical-chemical features of a particular lake? The concentrations of chlorophyll a, TN, TP and TOC in water were higher in the Chara beds compared with theTypha stations in most cases. The Shannon-Weaver biodiversity index of periphytic algae revealed very high values in all lakes and amounted in the Typha and Chara stands to the mean values 4.68 and 3.87 respectively in Wielkowiejskie Lake, 3.32 and 4.39 in Budzyńskie Lake and 3.08 and 3.91 in Dębiniec Lake. Furthermore, the standardized index of evenness exhibited the greatest differentiation in the Typha station with the highest (0.76) in Wielkowiejskie and the lowest (0.52) in Dębiniec Lake The analysis of the growth-forms of periphytic communities showed slightly higher diversity of slowly moving and stalked diatoms in most cases at the Chara stations of all studied lakes. The similarity between periphytic communities in the Typha and Chara stands of the examined lakes, compared using the Ward method and Euclidean distance measure, revealed a stronger relationship within a particular habitat but not a lake. The clearest pattern of similarity grouping a particular habitat was obtained for the summer period, when macrophytes reached their optimum. The Jaccard similarity index confirmed the differentiation of both examined habitats, reaching the mean value of 0.34. Based on the biomass of single periphytic species, habitat selectivity for seven species was found. Significantly higher biomass was obtained in the case of the rush zone for only one algae species - Eunotia lunaris (Ehr.) Grun. In the Chara bed six species revealed significantly higher biomasses - Cosmarium regnelli Wille, Oocystis marssonii Lemm., Ulotrix zonata (Weber et Moor) Kutz., Scenedesmus acuminatus (Lagerh.) Chod., Merismopedia elegans A. Braun and Phacus orbicularis Hubner. The habitat preference of periphytic communities to different macrophyte species may be due to the environmental factors, including the specific architecture of a particular macrophyte substrate such as density or texture of the plant surface. Furthermore, seasonality, as well as physical-chemical parameters may structure periphytic communities within the littoral zone of lakes.

8

Wykorzystanie ramienic w fitoindykacji

Pełechaty M.

Ekologia i Technika

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2006

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R. 14, nr 3

98-102

PL

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu na temat reakcji ramienic na stan trofii, a szczególnie jego bezpośrednie symptomy w postaci pogarszających cię warunków świetlnych, w kontekście możliwości wykorzystania ramienic w fitoindykacji. Rozpatrzono strategie stosowane przez ramienice w jeziorach głębokich i płytkich, obrazując je przykładami zachowań ramienic m.in. w jeziorach Ziemi Lubuskiej.

EN

The aim of the paper was to present the current knowledge of the ecological requirements of charophytes which could allow us to apply those macroalgae in phytoindication. Since charophytes are sensitive to the trophy level, and particularly to its reflection in the light conditions, their reactions are discussed in the context of the depth of ecosystems. In deep lakes charophyte flora and vegetation tend to reflect biotop conditions and may be generally applied as not only sensitive but also accurate bioindicators. In shallow lakes, by contrast, macrophytes, and particularly charophytes, are by numerous mechanisms responsible for the shift from turbid to a clear water state. Thus, their role as bioindicators seems to be - at least in same cases - rather problematic. Since then, charophytes should be sensibly applied in phytoindication.

9

Środowiskotwórcza rola ramienic

Pełechaty M., Gąbka M.

Ekologia i Technika

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2006

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R. 14, nr 3

93-97

PL

Celem artykułu był przegląd danych literaturowych dotyczących pośrednich i bezpośrednich mechanizmów, dzięki którym ramienicom przypisuje się środowiskową rolę w ekosystemie wodnym. Jak wynika z przedstawionego przeglądu znaczenie makrofitów wodnych, w tym ramienic, w sieci zależności wewnątrzekosystemalnych jest ogólnie przyjęte w przypadku jezior płytkich. Konieczne są jednak dalsze badania, zwłaszcza dotyczące allelopatii in situ.

EN

The aim of the paper was to review the literature data on the direct and indirect influences of charophytes on planktonic algae and cyanoprokaryots. Possible mechanisms are presented regarding the charophyte-related shifts in habitat conditions as well as allelopathic interplay between charophytes and phytoplankton. Main concepts and, also, some controversies are discussed and illustrated with the results of the authors in situ-studies. Due to up-to-date literature the importance of macrophytes, including charophytes, is commonly agreed upon, particularly for shallow lakes. However, further studies, concerning allelopathy in situ, are required.

10

Rola ramienic w ocenie stanu ekologicznego jezior

Pukacz A., Pełechaty M.

Ekologia i Technika

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2006

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R. 14, nr 3

103-106

PL

W sezonach wegetacyjnych 2002-2005 przeprowadzono interdyscyplinarne badania 30 zróżnicowanych morfometrycznie jezior, zlokalizowanych na Pojezierzu Lubuskim. Celem badań było określenie stopnia zróżnicowania badanych jezior na tle udziału powierzchniowego oraz liczby zbiorowisk charofitów jak również ich znaczenia w ocenie stanun ekologicznego.

EN

In the vegetation seasons 2002 - 2005 multidisciplinary investigations of 30 lakes located on Lubuskie Lakeland (mid-Western Poland) were carried out. The aim of this paper, based on the above studies, was to characterize the significance of charophytes in the differentiation of investigated lakes and their applicability in the ecological status assessment as well. To characterize the differentiation of studied lakes against the background of analyzed properties principal component analysis (PCA) was undertaken. The results demonstrated that charophytes significantly differentiated among the lakes studied. Visibly better habitat conditions as well as lower biomass of pelagic phytoplankton were found in lakes with abundant and diverse charophyte vegetation. Lakes with poorly developed or without charophytes were characterized by significantly worse habitat conditions and higher biomass. Moreover it was assumed that interrelationships between the charophyte coverage and phytoplankton biomass and visibility can play a significant role in functioning of lakes and their ecological status assessment.

11

The effect of cathment on water quality and eutrophication risk of five shallows lakes (Polesie Region, Eastern Poland)

Smal H., Kornijów R., Ligęza S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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Vol. 53, nr 3

313-327

EN

The nutrient loads from the terrestrial catchments (based on the distribution of soils and their use) were estimated, compared with that deriving from the atmosphere, and analysed from the view point of the present lake water quality (pH, transparency, electrical conductivity, total suspended solids, concentrations of TN, TP, Ca, Mg, K and Na). Five shallow (mean depth 0.9-3.4 m) and small (area <100 ha) lakes were selected in Łęczna - Włodawa Lakeland, a part of Polesie region (Eastern Poland).The contribution of the atmospheric deposition of N and P to the total loads (both from air and the land) varied greatly between the lakes (2.48 % and 1.40 %, respectively) while that of other elements did not exceed 16%. The lake catchments differed substantially in the percentage of soil types and their use. The most fertile soils were used as arable fields and the least fertile were afforested. The load of N and P in g m-2 of a lake surface per year ranged from 2.1 to 55.5 and 0.05-1.33, respectively. Average (May - October) concentrations of TN and TP in the lake waters varied from 0.92 to 1.70 mg dm-3 and 27.1 - 238.9 μg dm-3, respectively. There was a strong linear correlation between the percentage of particular soil types, nutrient inputs to the lakes and their concentrations in the lake waters, especially for the TN and TP. In addition, the physical and chemical properties of lake water depended significantly upon ratio between lake surface and cachtment area, as well as on lake morphometry. The eutrophication hazard of the lakes, evaluated according to Vollenweider.s criteria, was the highest for the lakes where the forests and grasslands occurred in the smallest proportions in the catchments, and the contribution of the fertile, cultivated soils was the highest.

12

The relative contributions by phytoplankton and macrophytes to primary production of two shallow lakes (Karelian Isthmus, Russia)

Trifonova I., Denisova I., Stanislavskaia E., Aphanasieva A., Ulianova D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 3

357-370

EN

Biomass and productivity of the main autotrophic communities, and their contribution to total lake primary production, were studied in two shallow, polymictic lakes of the Karelian Isthmus (north-west Russia). Both lakes are highly productive but with contrasting contributions from macrophytes and algae. In Lake Rakovoe, with very large catchment and high external P loading, macrophytes are estimated to occupy 60% of its area and produce 106 g C m^-2 or 63% of the lake's annual primary production. In Lake Vishnevskoe with high TP content in lake water, determined by internal loading, phytoplankton is the main producer of organic matter; it produces 178 g C m^-2 or 85% of total annual production. The Conditions which determine different types of primary production composition are discussed.