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Differentiating age and sex in vertebral body CT scans – Texture analysis versus deep learning approach

Nurzynska Karolina, Piórkowski Adam, Strzelecki Michał, Kociołek Marcin, Banyś Robert Paweł, Obuchowicz Rafał

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2024

Vol. 44, no. 1

20--30

The automated analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans of vertebrae, for the purpose of determining an individual’s age and sex constitutes a vital area of research. Accurate assessment of bone age in children facilitates the monitoring of their growth and development. Moreover, the determination of both age and sex has significant relevance in various legal contexts involving human remains. We have built a dataset comprising CT scans of vertebral bodies from 166 patients of diverse genders, acquired during routine cardiac examinations. These images were rescaled to 8-bit data, and textural features were computed using the qMaZda software. The results were analysed employing conventional machine learning techniques and deep convolutional networks. The regression model, developed for the automatic estimation of bone age, accurately determined patients’ ages, with a mean absolute error of 3.14 years and R2 = 0.79. In the context of classifying patient gender through textural analysis supported by machine learning, we achieved an accuracy of 69 %. However, the application of deep convolutional networks for this task yielded a slightly lower accuracy of 59 %.

Impaired gonadal development in the sea trout (Salmo trutta) x Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) F1 hybrid females

Ziomek E., Dębowska M., Hliwa P., Ocalewicz K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2016

Vol. 45, No. 3

337--343

Despite large karyotype differences between parental species, the hybrid progeny of the sea trout (Salmo trutta) females (2n = 80, FN = 100) and the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) males (2n = 58, FN = 74) may be viable and even fertile. As hybrids would pose threat to natural populations of parental species through backcrossing, gonadal development in the sea trout × Atlantic salmon hybrids has been studied in the present work. Moreover, cytogenetic investigation was performed to identify any changes in the number and structure of chromosomes that may affect gonadal differentiation and gamete production in the hybrid progeny. Eight males, two intersex individuals and one female were described among the two-year-old hybrids. Some of the hybrid males were already spermiating during the study. Predominance of the testicular component in the gonads was observed in both intersex individuals. Prevalence of males and the presence of intersex individuals together with only one female may suggest disturbances in the gonadal development only in females. Homogeneity of the chromosome number (69) and the chromosome arm number (87) in the hybrid individuals analyzed in this study suggests that unpaired chromosomes disturbed the development of ovaries but not testes.