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  1. 9 Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
  2. 3 Inżynieria Rolnicza
  3. 1 Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
  4. 1 Chemical Engineering and Equipment
  5. 1 Chemical and Process Engineering
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  1. 4 Dziubak T.
  2. 2 Fus A.
  3. 2 Kruszelnicka I.
  4. 2 Markowska M.
  5. 2 Ochowiak M.
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  1. 2 2021
  2. 3 2020
  3. 2 2019
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  5. 3 2016
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1
Content available The influence of micro-morphology and micro-structure on fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation
Wang Wenping, Chen Yinghua, Haisheng Li, Dong Haoran, Wang Guanghui
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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2021
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Vol. 57, iss. 1
53--63
EN
Fly ash is a complex system with a variety of fine particles. The complex relationship between unburned carbon and ash particles has an important influence on the efficiency of fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation. The particles adhered to the two electrode plates are collected through the triboelectrostatic beneficiation experiment. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence are used to detect the microscopic differences between the particles of positive and negative plates. The results show that the flaky carbon particles in the raw ash and the ash particles larger than 4µm are more easily separated, while it is converse for the ash particles with particle size less than 4µm. With the particle size less than 4µm, it is gradually more obvious for the influence of adhesion caused by the roughness surface of spherical unburned carbon particles, and the surface pores structure of porous carbon particles. The binding structure between unburned carbon and ash particles is complex and changeable. It is not beneficial to improve the separation efficiency. Therefore, the micro-structure and micro-morphology have an important effect on fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation. Some suggestions were proposed from the microscopic point to improve the efficiency of fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation.
2
Content available Kinetic modelling and optimization of flotation process of electrum
Aydın Ş. Beste, Gül Alim
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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2021
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Vol. 57, iss. 6
80--94
EN
The investigation of flotation as an alternative method to cyanide leaching of gold ores is significant in terms of economic and environmental aspects. In this study, a gold ore sample containing 4.79 ppm Au and 7.72 ppm Ag was used. Gold and silver were observed to be present as liberated electrum or associated with or within quartz, galena, and sphalerite. Initially, five-stage rougher flotation tests were conducted, and then three-stage scavenger circuits and four-stage cleaning flotation circuits were performed in order to obtain high-content gold concentrate and decrease losses of Au and Ag in tailings. As a result of tests, the flotation concentrate assayed as 437 ppm Au and 511 ppm Ag was obtained with recoveries of 76.3% and 58.5%, respectively. This study reveals that the concentrates ready for direct smelting without any additional process can be obtained with flotation. In order to determine kinetic characteristic of electrum in the sample, the tests were conducted using firstorder model, first-order model with rectangular distribution of rate constants, second-order model and second-order model with rectangular distribution of rate constant. The second-order model was considered as most reasonable for fitting the recoveries of gold as a function of flotation time during the flotation process.
3
Content available Improving separation efficiency of galena flotation using the Aerated Jet Flotation Cell
Li Si, Wang Yuhua, Lu Dongfang, Zheng Xiayu, Li Xudong
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2020
|
Vol. 56, iss. 3
513--527
EN
The low separation efficiency of traditional mechanical flotation cells for galena flotation primarily was caused by the low collision probability between bubbles and fine particles and high detachment probability of coarse particles. A flotation device named Aerated Jet Flotation Cell (AJFC) was adopted to improve the separation efficiency of galena flotation. Reducing bubble size and optimizing turbulence distribution were respectively confirmed as effective ways to improve fine galena-bubble collision efficiency and decrease detachment probability of coarse galena. In AJFC, micro-bubbles in diameter of 0.1-0.3 mm were generated by forcing compressed air to pass through porous high-density polyethylene tube, and high shear rate and appropriate turbulence were provided by installing a sparger with holes at the end of downcomer. The key parameters, including sparger hole number, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), air-slurry ratio and superficial gas velocity (Jg) were optimized to achieve a desired separation performance of galena flotation. Separation efficiency of 62.54 % at a residence time of 2.25 min was achieved by AJFC, while separation efficiency of 59.12 % at a residence time of 7.5 min was achieved by mechanical flotation cell. Besides, AJFC had less loss of Pb in tailings than mechanical flotation cell in the whole particle size range, especially for fine (-25 µm) and coarse (+74 µm) size fractions.
4
Content available Effect of microwave system location on floatability of chalcopyrite and pyrite in a copper ore processing circuit
Gholami Hamed, Rezai Bahram, Mehdilo Akbar, Hassanzadeh Ahmad, Yarahmadi Mohammadreza
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2020
|
Vol. 56, iss. 3
432--448
EN
The present work aims at investigating the effect of microwave local positions (i.e. before crushing (BC), after crushing (AC) and after milling (AM)) on microwave-assisted flotation of chalcopyrite and pyrite in a porphyry copper complex deposit. Individual given samples for each state were pre-treated with a variable power microwave at a power level of 90 to 900W for 15, 30, and 60s. Furthermore, froth floatation experiments were carried out using a laboratory mechanical Denver flotation cell on both microwave-treated and untreated samples. Particle surface properties were characterized by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. The results showed that the chalcopyrite and pyrite floatabilities increased monotonically by rising the exposure time and power level for the uncrushed preconditioned samples (BC) due to the enhancement of mineral liberation degrees together with the formation of sulphide species and polysulphides on the mineral surfaces. However, flotation results of treated samples for the crushed one (AC) revealed an optimum range. Formation of intensive oxide layers on the mineral surfaces of milled samples (AM) led to a substantial reduction in their recoveries by increasing the microwave’s power level and the sample’s exposure time. The results obtained from mineral’s floatabilities in recleaner stage showed that the microwave-assisted sample at 900W for 30s at BC state favourably provided 5% higher S.E.’s than that of the untreated sample. Finally, it was concluded that the microwave pretreatment of samples induced the best floatability responses if it located before the crusher.
5
Content available Experimental research on separation efficiency of aerosol particles in vortex tube separators with electric field
Dziubak T.
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
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2020
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Vol. 68, nr 3
503--516
EN
A comparative analysis of filtration performance of tangential and axial inlet reverse-flow cyclone separators and vortex tube separators is presented. The study showed that vortex tube separators are characterized by a quality factor q several time higher than tangential inlet reverse-flow cyclone separators. The cyclone separators yield low separation efficiency and low filtration performance at low air flow rates at low air volumes aspired by the engine at low speed. One of the well-known and not commonly used methods to improve separation efficiency is to apply electric field. An original design of a vortex tube separator with insulators generating electric field in the area of aerosol flow is presented. High voltage was applied to the cyclone separator housing and its swirl vane. A special method and test conditions were developed for cyclone separators with electric field. Separation efficiency, filtration performance and pressure drop across the cyclone separator in two different variants were determined. The tests were carried out at five inlet velocity of cyclones υ0 = 1.75; 3.5; 7.0; 10.5; 14 m/s at an extraction rate of m0 = 10%, and at an average dust concentration in the inlet air of s = 1 g/m3. Using the electric field in the area of a swirling aerosol stream resulted in an increase (over 12% – φ c = 96.3%) in separation efficiency at inlet velocity of cyclone ranging from 1.75 to 3.5 m/s. An increase in separation efficiency at other inlet velocity of cyclone is minor and does not exceed 3‒4%.
6
Content available QSAR study of amine collectors for iron ore reverse flotation
Wang Benying, Xu Xinyang, Duan Hao, Wang Xinyang
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2019
|
Vol. 55, iss. 5
1059--1069
EN
In order to reveal the relationship between flotation behaviors of collectors and their structures, quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) study about separation efficiency of quartz from hematite using amine collectors was performed. The genetic function approximation (GFA) algorithm was applied to generate the correlation models and model with acceptable R2 and Rcv2 (cross validated R-squared) correlation coefficients (R2=0.9666, Rcv2=0.9201) was developed. The model revealed that the Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (LUMO) energy of the molecule, the charge of nitrogen and the electronegativity of polar group were the major factors that affected the separation efficiency of collectors. The higher nitrogen charge, the larger electronegativity of polar group and the more positive of LUMO energy of amine collectors were, the higher separation efficiency would be.
7
Content available Optimization of Jigging Process Parameters to Beneficiate Iron Ore Fines – a Case Study of Tatasteel
Shukla Vishal, Kumar C. Raghu, Chakraborty D. P., Kumar Ashok
Inżynieria Mineralna
|
2019
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R. 21, nr 1/2
165--170
EN
Jigging has a very important role in mineral processing Industry. Upgrading of Iron Ore by jigging has been an emerging trend. A detailed investigation is carried out to understand the role of jig feed distribution and process parameters during jigging operation. Noamundi jig plant data shows that variation in jig feed granulometry, feed quality and operating conditions are major contributors to fluctuation in jigging performance. At Noamundi the Jig feed size (-10.0+0.5mm) fraction is used for fines jigging operation. To understand the effect of particle size distribution on jig plant performance such as yield, separation efficiency and Fe recovery. In this context The performance of jigging was evaluated by daily average data from jig operation was used to study the influence of feed distribution on jigging performance .Coarser fraction (+6mm) has a positive influence, whereas fines fraction (-0.5mm) tends to lower performance .During Jigging rearrangements of Particles takes place due to an alternate expansion and compaction of Jig Bed .These particles are arranged by increasing density from top to bottom. During the particle stratification, Jig bed physically cut at desired horizontal particle density plant to separate the desired product. Investigation shows that optimum bed height is required at different Jig feed quality to achieve desired product quality, maximum separation efficiency and Fe recovery. This Paper will illustrate role of feed distribution and process parameters control on Jigging plant performance and deals with optimization of process parameters to recover iron value from fines.
PL
Wzbogacanie w osadzarce odgrywa bardzo ważną rolę w przemyśle przetwórstwa minerałów. Wzbogacanie rudy żelaza w osadzarkach jest nowym kierunkiem badań nad wzbogacalnością. Przeprowadzono szczegółowe badania w celu określenia wpływu uziarnienia nadawy i parametrów procesu na efektywność procesu. Dane dotyczące wzbogacania w zakładzie Noamundi pokazują, że zróżnicowanie składu ziarnowego nadawy i warunki procesu są głównymi czynnikami wpływającymi na wahania wydajności osadzarki. W Zakładzie Noamundi do wzbogacania w osadzarce kierowana jest klasa ziarnowa (10,0–0,5 mm). Zbadano wpływ rozkładu wielkości cząstek na wydajność osadzarki, taką jak wydajność, skuteczność rozdziału i odzysk żelaza. Wydajność osadzarki oceniono na podstawie średnich dziennych danych z osadzarki przemysłowej, które wykorzystano do zbadania wpływu parametrów nadawy na wydajność. Udział grubszych ziaren (+6 mm) ma pozytywny wpływ, podczas gdy drobnych ziaren (-0,5 mm) ma tendencję do obniżania wydajności. W procesie osadzania następują zmiany gęstości łoża. Zmiana gęstości łoża następuje od góry (najniższa) do dołu (największa). Podczas stratyfikacji ziaren warstwa materiału jest rozdzielana na określonym poziomie, tak aby uzyskać produkt o pożądanej charakterystyce. Badanie wykazało, że optymalna wysokość łoża osadzarki jest różna dla różnej charakterystyki nadawy tak aby osiągnąć pożądaną jakość produktu, maksymalną wydajność separacji i odzysk Fe. W niniejszym artykule zilustrowano rolę jakości nadawy i kontroli parametrów procesu dla uzyskania wydajności osadzarki, oraz przedstawiono optymalizację parametrów procesu w celu maksymalizacji uzysku żelaza.
8
Content available A new approach in separation process evaluation. Efficiency ratio and upgrading curves
Irannajad M., Nuri O. S., Allahkarami E.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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2018
|
Vol. 54, iss. 3
847--857
EN
In mineral processing separation efficiency (SE), operation efficiency (OE), selectivity index (SI) and other indices have been used to evaluate the separation process. Up to now, no study has been conducted on the relationship between the SE, OE and SI indices. In this research, two upgrading curves are proposed based on the above indices for process and selectivity evaluation. The first upgrading curve is based on recovery R, SE, and OE as a function of concentrate grade. This curve has three background lines, including no upgrading line, ideal upgrading line and the ideal mixing line. The proposed upgrading curve is applicable not only for process evaluation by specification of OE and SE, but also for selectivity evaluation with the lowest difference between SE and OE. The curve showed that the recovery value is always greater than the SE and OE values. The parameters of OE, SE and R were used for plotting the upgrading curve as a function of concentrate grade taking into consideration all of them at a time. A new selectivity indicator, namely Efficiency Ratio (ER) as the selectivity parameter, is proposed as the ratio of OE to SE. The ER values fluctuate between 1 and . It can be presented as a function of concentrate and tailing grades (ER = [c(1-t)]/[1(c-t)]). The results showed that ER is insensitive to the feed grade and has the inverse relationship with SI. To measure the separation selectivity, another upgrading curve is proposed based on ER and SI parameters. This curve is divided into seven separation classes for evaluation the class of a separation process from ideal class to no separation one. The results of this research can be useful for separation process evaluation.
9
Content available Rozwój osadzarek pulsacyjnych typu KOMAG
Matusiak P., Kowol D.
Maszyny Górnicze
|
2018
|
R. 36, nr 2
40--52
PL
W artykule przedstawiono najnowsze rozwiązania i wdrożenia osadzarek pulsacyjnych typu KOMAG. Każda aplikacja poprzedzona była wstępnymi badaniami laboratoryjnymi, umożliwiającymi odpowiedni dobór urządzenia. Badania laboratoryjne pozwalają na prognozowanie przyszłych wyników oraz dobór układu technologicznego (zastosowane urządzenia oraz rozwiązania konstrukcyjne). W artykule zamieszczono przykład wyników badań laboratoryjnych, których celem było określenie możliwości zastosowania oraz określenie typu wzbogacalnika grawitacyjnego.
EN
The latest solutions and implementations of KOMAG pulsatory jigs are presented. Each application was preceded by preliminary laboratory tests enabling selection of the device. Laboratory tests allow prediction of future results and selection of the technological system (devices and design solutions applied). An example of laboratory test results, the purpose of which was to determine the applicability and determination of the type of pulsatory jig, is presented in the paper.
10
Content available Performance characteristics of panel filters for internal combustion engine inlet air working in a two-stage configuration
Dziubak T.
Journal of KONES
|
2018
|
Vol. 25, No. 1
83--94
EN
Air filtration conditions in a single-stage and a two-stage filtration system (multicyclone-porous panel filter) are presented. Allowable flow resistance Δpfdop values reducing the air filter service life are specified. The benefits of using a multicyclone as a first stage of air filtration, including improved mobility and extended service life, are discussed. Criteria for selecting the filter media for the automobile air intake system using an absorption coefficient of dust km determined at a specific allowable flow resistance Δpfdop are specified. New methods and conditions to determine the absorption coefficient of dust km for article filter and non-woven fabric filter in a single-stage and a two-stage filtration system are developed and presented. The separation efficiency and separation performance as well as the flow resistance characteristics of the filter set including a single cyclone and a filter element with a specially selected filter medium surface area are tested. Absorption coefficients of dust km for the tested paper filter and non-woven fabric filter were determined for an allowable flow resistance. The effects of dust particle size distribution in the air downstream of the cyclone on reducing the absorption coefficient of dust of the paper filter and non-woven fabric filter in a two-stage filtration system are shown.
11
Content available Symulacje CFD procesu separacji układu ciało stałe-ciecz w zmodyfikowanych osadnikach wirowych
Markowska M., Fus A., Włodarczak S., Kruszelnicka I., Ochowiak M.
Inżynieria i Aparatura Chemiczna
|
2018
|
Nr 6
170--171
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki symulacji komputerowych procesu separacji układu ciało stałe-ciecz w nowych konstrukcyjnie osadnikach wirowych. Wykorzystano model burzliwości k-ε i model DPM oprogramowania ASNYS Fluent 19.0. Badania przeprowadzono dla osadników wirowych posiadających króciec wlotowy zanurzony na różnej głębokości oraz przegrodę, której położenie zmieniano. Badania doświadczalne potwierdziły słuszność zastosowania wymienionych modeli. Przedstawiono trajektorie cząstek uzyskane podczas symulacji, które potwierdziły powstawanie ruchu wirowego i prezentowały czas przebywania cząstek ciała stałego wewnątrz osadnika. Konstrukcja o najwyższym stopniu separacji posiadała przegrodę ulokowaną pośrodku między ujściem z króćca wlotowego i wylotowego w osi aparatu.
EN
The results of computer simulations of solid-liquid separation in constructional new swirl settling tanks are shown in the paper. The k-e model and DPM models of ANSYS Fluent software 19.0 were used. The studies were carried out for the swirl settling tanks which were characterized by the submerged inlet port situated in a different immersion depth and the baffle with different location inside the tank. Experimental studies confirmed models validity. The particles trajectories obtained in simulations are presented. They confirm the presence of swirl movement and show the residence time of solid particles inside the settling tank. The construction with highest separation efficiency was characterized by the baffle located in tank’s axis and in the middle of inlet and outlet ports.
12
Content available remote Eksperymentalna weryfikacja symulacji CFD procesu separacji cząstek zawiesin w zmodyfikowanych osadnikach wirowych
Markowska M., Kruszelnicka I., Ginter-Kramarczyk D., Krupińska A., Ochowiak M., Fus A., Okupniak K., Woziwodzki S., Włodarczak S., Matuszak M.
Instal
|
2018
|
nr 12
63--66
PL
W pracy przedstawiono rezultaty symulacji komputerowych procesu separacji w układzie ciało stałe-ciecz. Analizę prowadzono w standardowym i zmodyfikowanym osadniku wirowym. Projektowanie, konstruowanie oraz badania osadników wirowych mogą prowadzić do poprawy efektywności usuwania zanieczyszczeń z cieczy oraz ewentualnego zmniejszenia wielkości urządzeń stosowanych w technologii oczyszczania wód opadowych. Modyfikacja separatorów polegała na wykorzystaniu zanurzonego króćca wlotowego oraz różnorodnie ulokowanej przegrody. Podczas analiz wykorzystano model burzliwości k-ε i model DPM oprogramowania ASNYS Fluent 19.0. Badania eksperymentalne potwierdziły słuszność doboru wymienionych modeli symulacyjnych do analizowanego procesu separacji zanieczyszczeń w osadniku wirowym. Konstrukcja o największym stopniu separacji ciała stałego i cieczy charakteryzowała się przegrodą ulokowaną pośrodku między ujściem z króćca wlotowego i wylotowego w osi aparatu.
EN
In the paper the results of computer simulations of solid-liquid separation process have been shown. The analysis was carried out in regular and modified swirl settling tank. Design, structuring and studying swirl sedimentation tanks can lead to improvement of liquid purification efficiency and potentially to reduce size of rainwater treatment devices. Modification of swirl separators consisted in assembling the submerged inlet port and baffle inside the tank. The k-ε model and the DPM models of ANSYS Fluent software 19.0 have been used in the analysis. Experimental studies have confirmed the choice validity of these models in contamination separation process in swirl settling tanks. The construction with highest separation efficiency was characterized by baffle located in tank’s axis and in the middle of the inlet and outlet ports.
13
Content available Potential design improvements of a reverse flow mini-cyclone with a tangential inlet
Dziubak T.
Chemical and Process Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 39, nr 1
15–-31
EN
This paper presents an effect of general dimensions of a reverse flow mini-cyclone with a tangential inlet on its separation efficiency. Several mini-cyclone design modifications are presented and evaluated for use in the air filtration systems of motor vehicles. Local design improvements of three components of a reverse flow mini-cyclone with a tangential inlet D-40 of an air filter fitted in an all-terrain vehicle engine were introduced. An asymmetric curvilinear shape of an outlet port was used instead of a symmetrical shape. An outlet vortex finder inlet port shape was streamlined, and a cylindrical outlet vortex finder of the cyclone was replaced with a conical one. Experimental evaluation of the effects of the design improvements of mini-cyclone on its separation efficiency and performance as well as flow resistance was carried out. Separation efficiency of the cyclone was determined using the mass method as a product of dust mass retained by the mini-cyclone and supplied to the mini-cyclone in a specified time. Separation performance of the cyclone was determined as the largest dust particle dz =dzmax in a specific test cycle in the cyclone outlet air stream. A polydisperse PTC-D test dust used in Poland, a substitute for AC-fine test dust was used. Dust concentration at the mini-cyclone inlet was kept at 1 g/m3. The size and total number of dust particles in the air stream at the outlet of the original mini-cyclone and at the outlet of the improved mini-cyclone was determined using a particle counter.
14
Efektywność frakcjonowania i sortowania mas makulaturowych
Biel-Tyralska A., Tyralski T.
Przegląd Papierniczy
|
2016
|
R. 72, nr 11
707--712
PL
Ocena efektywności frakcjonowania i sortowania ma istotne znaczenie w dążeniu do poprawy właściwości papieru wytwarzanego z makulatury i równocześnie umożliwia zmniejszenie zapotrzebowania na masy pierwotne, zmniejszenie zużycia energii i zwiększenie w ten sposób konkurencyjności małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Na rynku obserwuje się obecnie szybko narastający deficyt makulatury co powoduje, że wzrasta zainteresowanie przerobem wielomateriałowych makulatur trudnorozwłóknialnych. W tym zakresie najbardziej atrakcyjne są zużyte pojemniki kar - tonowe po płynach spożywczych, których ilość bardzo szybko wzrasta, ale prowadzone są też badania doświadczalne w ska li laboratoryjnej i przemysłowej nad przerobem wielomateriałowych opakowań jednostkowych po kosmetykach, papierosach, małych porcjach żywności i innych papierów częściowo wodoodpornych, takich jak np. papiery ręcznikowe i odpady z tapet. Technologia ich przerobu obejmuje również zastosowanie frakcjonowania włókien. Dużo uwagi poświęcono procesowi sortowania, w tym szczególnie separacji frakcji drobnej z mas y makulaturowej, oraz warunkom wymaganym dla osiągnięcia deflokulacji zawiesiny w całej strefie sortowania, co jest konieczne dla uzyskania wysokiej efektywności, związanej z wykorzystaniem całej powierzchni sita.
EN
Evaluation of the fractionation and screening efficiency is important in the approach to improve the properties of paper made from recycled paper and at the same time, you reduce the demand for primary stock, reduce energy consumption and thus enhancing the competitiveness of small and medium-sized enterprises. The market is now rapidly growing deficit of recycled paper which causes the growing interest in energy saving preparation of pulp multi-material and semi-waterproof raw materials. In this regard, the most attractive are worn cardboard containers after the liquid food, the amount of which rapidly increases, but shall likewise experimental studies in laboratory and industrial scale the processing of multi-material packaging unit after the cosmetics, cigarettes, small portions of food and other securities partially water-resistant, such eg. paper towels, and waste of wallpaper. The technology of processing includes the use of fiber fractionation. Much attention has been given screening process, in particular the separation of fines from recycled fibers and the conditions required to achieve fibre suspension deflocculating along face of the basket which is necessary for high efficiency associated with the use of the entire screen surface.
15
Content available Study on pre-concentration efficiency of wolframite from tungsten ore using gravity and magnetic separations
Lu D., Wang Y., Jiang T., Sun W., Hu Y.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2016
|
Vol. 52, iss. 2
718--728
EN
Pre-concentration is effectively applied in recovering wolframite from tungsten ore, due to its benefits of further upgrading tungsten ore and improving separation efficiency. The most important pre-concentration techniques for tungsten ore include gravity separation and magnetic separation, based on the fact that there are appreciable differences, between the desired wolframite and the gangue minerals, in density and magnetic susceptibility. This study investigated the separation efficiency of gravity pre-concentration (Falcon Concentrator) and high-gradient magnetic pre-concentration (SLon VPHGMS) for the beneficiation of a Canada tungsten ore. It is a low-grade type of ore with high silica and arsenic content, and an average content of WO3 is about 0.45%. The optimum conditions for different operational parameters of two pre-concentration separators were studied on this low-grade material. The results presented in this paper suggested that although both pre-concentration techniques were effective for producing pre-concentrates containing high WO3, magnetic pre-concentration showed significantly better separation efficiency. Over 90% of the feed was rejected as the final tailings, meanwhile, over 85% of arsenic minerals were removed with tailings, while the WO3 loss was less than 15%.
16
Content available The effects of dust extraction on multi-cyclone and non-woven fabric panel filter performance in the air filters used in special vehicles
Dziubak T.
Eksploatacja i Niezawodność
|
2016
|
Vol. 18, no. 3
348--357
EN
Common impurities found in the inlet air to the internal combustion engine of motor vehicles are characterized. Dust concentrations in the air were analysed for different operating conditions of a motor vehicle. It is shown that the most common and the most harmful air impurity for the technical machinery is a mineral dust from roads. The benefits of using the inertial filter (multicyclone) as a first stage of air filtration, including extended engine life are presented. The methods of dust extraction from a dust collector of the air filter multi-cyclone are shown. The necessity of regular ejection dust extraction from the multi-cyclone dust collector is shown. A dust extraction rate m0 is defined and its effects on the cyclone separation efficiency and flow resistance are shown. The test method and the test conditions for a two-stage filter in multi-cyclone - non-woven fabric filter element configuration are developed. The characteristics of the separation efficiency and flow resistance of the cyclone and the non-woven fabric filter were determined as a function of dust mass supplied with the inlet air to the two-stage filter for three different extraction rates and without dust extraction from the multi-cyclone dust collector. The separation efficiency and flow resistance were determined for a multi-cyclone and a non-woven fabric filter without dust extraction from the multi-cyclone dust collector and with or without periodical maintenance. The benefits of periodical cleaning of the dust collector were shown.
PL
Scharakteryzowano zanieczyszczenia powietrza wlotowego silnika spalinowego pojazdu mechanicznego. Przeanalizowano wartości stężenia pyłu w powietrzu dla różnych warunków eksploatacji pojazdów. Przedstawiono korzyści w postaci wydłużenia czasu eksploatacji silnika wynikające ze stosowania filtru bezwładnościowego (multicyklonu), jako pierwszego stopnia filtracji powietrza. Pokazano metody usuwania pyłu z osadnika multicyklonu filtru powietrza. Wykazano konieczność bieżącego, poprzez ejekcyjne odsysanie, usuwania pyłu z osadnika multicyklonu. Zdefiniowano stopnień odsysania pyłu m0 oraz wykazano jego wpływ na skuteczność filtracji i opory przepływu cyklonów. Opracowano metodykę i warunki badań filtru dwustopniowego pracującego w układzie: multicyklon-włókninowy wkład filtracyjny. Wyznaczono charakterystyki skuteczności filtracji i oporów przepływu multicyklonu oraz włókniny filtracyjnej w zależności od masy pyłu dostarczonej wraz z powietrzem wlotowym do filtru dwustopniowego dla trzech wartości stopnia odsysania m0 = 5%, m0 = 10%, m0 = 20% oraz bez odsysania pyłu z osadnika multicyklonu. Wyznaczono charakterystyki skuteczności filtracji i oporów przepływu multicyklonu oraz włókniny filtracyjnej bez odsysania pyłu z osadnika multicyklonu i z okresowym obsługiwaniem oraz bez obsługiwania. Wykazano konieczność okresowego czyszczenia osadnika pyłu.
17
Content available Improving separation efficiency of 6-1 mm coal by introducing vibration energy to dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed
He J., Zhao Y., Luo Z., Zhao J., Duan C., He Y.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
|
2015
|
Vol. 51, iss. 1
95--108
EN
Effects of the vibration energy on the fluidization quality and separation performance of dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed were investigated experimentally. The magnetite powder with a wide size range of 0.3-0.074 mm was utilized as the basic medium solids. 6-1 mm fine coal sample from Yongcheng (China) was used to perform the separation experiments. The results indicate that the vibration amplitude A and superficial gas velocity U are greatly significant to the fluidization stability and the density distribution uniformity. Comparing with the bed without vibration, the optimal SP and Sρ values of 0.034 kPa and 0.018 g/cm3 are acquired in vibration bed with the operating factors of A = 1 mm, U = 1.8Umf, f = 15 Hz and Hs = 150 mm. The coal ash content was reduced from 27.84% to 9.50% at a separating density of 1.68 g/cm3 with a probable error E value of 0.505. The separation efficiency of 6-1mm fine coal is effectively improved by introducing vibration energy to dense medium gas-solid fluidized bed. The technology provides a novel approach to achieve high-efficiency separation of 6-1 mm fine coal in the arid and water-shortage areas.
18
Content available remote Effect of dye content in a treated solution on performance of the UF ceramic membrane
Kawiecka-Skowron J., Majewska-Nowak K.
Environment Protection Engineering
|
2011
|
Vol. 37, nr 2
5-12
EN
Low-pressure membrane processes have been studied in order to treat aqueous solutions of dyes. The influence of dye concentration (10, 20, 100 g/m3) on separation efficiencies of organic dyes (Methyl Orange, Titan Yellow and Direct Black) was analyzed. CeRAM INSIDE®(Tami Industries) membranes with various cut-off values (1, 15 kDa) were examined. The ultrafiltration process was carried out at the transmembrane pressures of: 0.03, 0.06, and 0.09 MPa. It was found that the process efficacy was affected not only by the kind of dye, but also by the dye concentration, applied pressure and membrane cut-off. With increasing dye content in the treated solution the rejection coefficient improved.
19
Content available Efektywność rozdzielania mieszaniny nasion rzepaku i przytulii czepnej w separatorze z taśmą pętelkową
Choszcz D.
Inżynieria Rolnicza
|
2009
|
R. 13, nr 7
1-107
PL
W pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia dotyczące rozdzielania mieszaniny na dwa składniki: nasiona gatunku podstawowego (rzepaku) oraz nasiona stanowiące zanieczyszczenie (przytulii czepnej). Do separacji składników mieszaniny wykorzystano nowy, opracowany według koncepcji autora, separator taśmowy, w którym jako element rozdzielczy zastosowano poliamidową taśmę zakończoną pętelkami. Określono wpływ podstawowych czynników konstrukcyjnych i eksploatacyjnych separatora na skuteczność rozdzielania mieszaniny. Oceniono również skuteczność rozdzielcza separatora pod względem wymagań jakościowych dotyczących czystości produktu i możliwości ograniczenia strat nasion rzepaku. Stwierdzono, że separator taśmowy, w którym rozdział mieszaniny nasion rzepaku i przytulii czepnej jest oparty na wykorzystaniu różnic w teksturze jej składników, charakteryzuje się wysoką skutecznością rozdzielania mieszaniny, która może wynosić ponad 99%. Dla wilgotności mieszaniny wynoszącej 14%, skuteczność wydzielania nasion przytulii czepnej może osiągnąć 99,8%, przy stratach nasion rzepaku wynoszących 0,63%. Wyznaczono parametry konstrukcyjno-eksploatacyjne, przy jakich powinno być prowadzone rozdzielanie składników mieszaniny w proponowanym separatorze. Przedstawiono modele matematyczne umożliwiające prognozowanie wskaźników oceny jakości rozdzielania mieszaniny.
EN
The paper presents the issues concerning mixture separation into two ingredients: basic species seeds (rape) and seeds considered to be impurities (cleavers - Galium aparine L.). A new belt separator built according to author's concept has been used to separate mixture ingredients. A poly-amide belt terminated with small loops has been used in it as the separating element. The authors determined the impact of basic constructional and operating factors of the separator on mixture separation efficiency. Moreover, they evaluated operating efficiency of the separator in respect of qualitative requirements concerning product purity and possibility to reduce rape seeds losses. It has been found that belt separator, in which separation of rape and cleavers seeds mixture is based on using differences in texture of its components, is characterised by high mixture separation efficiency that may exceed 99%. For mixture humidity of 14%, efficiency in separation of cleavers seeds may reach 99.8%, with rape seeds losses amounting to 0.63%. The research allowed to determine constructional and operating parameters, at which separation of mixture components in the proposed separator should be carried out. The work presents mathematical models allowing to forecast quality assess-ment indexes for mixture separation.
20
Content available remote Atlas of upgrading curves used in separation and in mineral science and technology. Part III
Drzymała J.
Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing
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2008
|
Vol. 42
75-85
EN
The present Atlas (Part III) is the last from a series of articles on upgrading curves relating quality and quantity of products of separation. In this Atlas 12 additional upgrading curves were presented while 30 curves were presented in Parts I and II. In the previous papers the curves were grouped into categories: A/ ( α-insensitive curves with triangle or near triangle area accessible for plotting) Ao ( α-insensitive curves with square area available for plotting) B/ ( α-sensitive curves with triangle plotting area, Bo ( α-sensitive curves having square plotting area), C/ ( α-insensitive curves for β > α and triangle area for plotting), and Co (α-insensitive curves for β > α or β < α and square area) where β stands for the content of a component in concentrate while α is the content of a component in the feed. In this Part III more complex upgrading curves were presented and an additional class of upgrading curves was introduced with irregular area for plotting. It was again stressed that all the upgrading curves contain the same information but in a different, specific for a given curve form. The use of upgrading curves depends on the needs and preferences of users. An appropriate matching of an upgrading plot with a set of separation results allows to approximate the curve with a suitable mathematical formula which can be used for characterizing separation. As previously, the readers are kindly asked to report unmentioned hitherto upgrading curves to jan.drzymala @pwr.wroc.pl for their future publication in the Internet http://www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/minproc/krzywe%20wzbogacania.html
PL
Obecny Atlas (cześć III) jest ostatnią z serii prac o krzywych wzbogacania wiążących ilość i jakość produktów separacji. W obecnym atlasie przedstawiono 12 dodatkowych krzywych wzbogacania, podczas gdy poprzednio w częściach I i II pokazano 30 krzywych wzbogacania. W poprzednich artykułach krzywe były pogrupowane na kategorie: Ao ( α-nieczułe z trójkątnym lub blisko trójkątnym obszarem dostępnym do rysowania), B/ ( α-czułe krzywe z trójkątnym lub blisko trójkątnym obszarem rysowania, Bo ( α-czułe krzywe z kwadratowym obszarem dostępnym do rysowania), C/ ( α-nieczułe krzywe dla β > α i trójkątnym obszarem rysowania), Co (α-nieczułe krzywe dla β > α lub β < α i kwadratowym obszarem rysowania), gdzie β oznacza zawartość składnika w koncentracie podczas gdy α oznacza zawartość rozpatrywanego składnika w nadawie. W części III Atlasu zaprezentowano bardziej skomplikowane krzywe wzbogacania tworzące nowa klasę krzywych, które zostały określone symbolem Bu oznaczającym czułość na α oraz nieregularny obszar dostępny do rysowania. Podkreślono ponownie, Se wszystkie krzywe wzbogacania zawierają te same informacje, ale w innej, specyficznej dla danej krzywej formie. Zastosowanie danej krzywej wzbogacania powinno zależeć od preferencji użytkownika. Wykazano, że odpowiednie połączenie krzywej wzbogacania z rezultatami separacji pozwolić może na wyznaczenie równania matematycznego, które może pełnić rolę prawa rządzącego separacją. Podobnie jak poprzednio, czytelnicy proszeni są o nadsyłanie nieopisanych dotąd krzywych wzbogacania pod adres jan.drzymala@pwr.wroc.pl dla ich opublikowania w Internecie pod adresem http://www.ig.pwr.wroc.pl/ /minproc/krzywe%20wzbogacania.html.
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