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Ocena zagrożenia tąpaniami w kopalniach podziemnych uwzględniająca parametry drgań blisko ognisk wstrząsów - doświadczenia z polskich kopalń

Mutke G.

Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria

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2007

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R. 31, z. 3/1

439-450

PL

Ocena zagrożenia tąpaniami oraz ocena stateczności wyrobisk podziemnych w kopalniach węgla wymaga znajomości nie tylko obciążeń statycznych, ale również obciążeń dynamicznych. Analiza skutków wstrząsów w kopalniach Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego w postaci różnego typu i intensywności uszkodzeń wykazała, że występowały one wówczas, gdy ogniska tych wstrząsów były zlokalizowane blisko (przeważnie do 100 m) od wyrobisk. Potwierdza to fakt, że parametry drgań w tych odległościach mają decydujące znaczenie dla zaistnienia tąpnięcia, bowiem duże wartości parametru PPV są równoznaczne z występowaniem odpowiednio dużych obciążeń dynamicznych. W artykule pokazano geofizyczne empiryczne kryterium potencjalnego zagrożenia tąpnięciem. Analizując udokumentowaną bazę 120 tąpnięć, jakie zaistniały w GZW w latach 1988-2006, dokonano weryfikacji przedstawionego kryterium, stwierdzając, że 90% wszystkich tąpnięć wystąpiło w strefie, w której prędkość drgań PPV osiągała wartości od 0,05 m/s do 1 m/s. Wyniki badań przedstawione w artykule mogą być wykorzystywane do czasoprzestrzennego projektowania eksploatacji górniczej w warunkach prognozowanej dużej sejsmiczności górotworu, jak również do racjonalnego doboru obudowy i działań profilaktycznych zabezpieczających funkcjonalność wyrobisk i przyczyniających się do poprawy poziomu bezpieczeństwa pracy.

EN

To study the rockburst hazard and underground mine working stability it is essential to know not only the static loads but also the dynamic loads. The performed analysis of the effects of mine tremors from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, and of their intensity and various types of damage, clearly shows that they only occurred when the tremor sources were located close to the openings (mostly up to 100 m). These observations show that the ground motions parameters at such distances may be crucial for the occurrence of a rockburst because the high values of the PPV parameter are proportional to high dynamic stresses and underground hazards. An empirical criterion for potential rockburst hazard has been developed based on the worked out correlation dependences. In analyzing the documented database of 120 rockbursts from the Upper Silesian Coal Basin that occurred during a period from 1988 to 2006, the above mentioned criterion was verified. It has been found, that 90% of the rockbursts occurred in the area where peak particle velocity (PPV) reached values ranging from 0,05 m/s to 1 m/s. The investigation results presented in this this paper may be used in both the spatial and time table planning of mining operations under predicted high seismicity conditions and the rational choice of support and preventive actions ensuring functionality of mine workings and improvement in work safety level.

2

Source parameters of the 2004 Kaliningrad earthquakes

Domański B.M.

Acta Geophysica

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2007

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Vol. 55, no. 3

267-287

EN

An analysis of source parameters of the two unexpected earthquakes from the Kaliningrad (Russia) area is presented. The earthquakes occurred on 21 September 2004 at 11:05:01 and 13:32:31 UT, respectively. The first event was located at the latitude φ= 54.924°N and the longitude λ= 20.120°E, with a depth h = 16 km, and the second event at φ= 54.876°N, λ= 20.120°E and h = 20 km. Magnitudes Mw of the two events were very similar: 5.1 and 5.2. The magnitude values reported by various international data centers have been meaningfully different. The reason is the presence of high-frequency components in Z velocity component of the S wavefield. They were observed along the direction defined by two stations, BLEU in Sweden and SUW in Poland, located in opposite sides of the source. Along the direction perpendicular to it, the effects are relatively very small. The high-frequency waves are understood to mean components in the 6-8 Hz band for event 1 and 2-4 Hz for event 2. The effects in question are also clearly visible on displacement spectrograms. The magnitude values calculated at such stations from S-wave amplitudes or from seismic spectra are clearly overestimated and are close to 6. Therefore, we made a careful selection of channels in order to determine the spectral parameters and, on this basis, the source parameters. The size of the source is relatively small, of about 2 km. The closest seismic station is at 100 source radii from the source. One can clearly see the effect of the TT zone which markedly reduces the seismic moment value for seismic stations laying on the opposite sides of the source. Both events have very similar spatial dis-tributions of the source parameters: magnitude, seismic moment and radius.

3

Shear band earthquake model: an application to the South American seismic region

Gadomska B., Maj S., Teisseyre R.

Acta Geophysica Polonica

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2000

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Vol. 48, nr 3

317-345

EN

The shear band thermodynamical earthquake model has been applied to the study of earthquakes in the South American seismic region. We determined the frequency and depth distributions of the radiated seismic energy, scalar seismic moment, radius and thickness of the source zone, the total energy released, seismic efficiency, stress drop, top stress before fracturing, and strength values. All the curves exhibit characteristic maxima, minima and seismic activity gap in the 300-500 km interval. We also evaluated the rigidity change resulting from changing structure of the medium.