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Wpływ degradacji dziewiętnastowiecznych kurortów morskich na stan tożsamości kulturowej regionu nadmorskiego Pomorza Zachodniego

Bal W.

Architektura Krajobrazu

2002

nr 3-4

122-127

"Longing for the coast" is a recent phenomenon. Europeans did not discover the beach as their destination for travel till the 18th century. Until the 19th century besides ports and havens a lot of coasts was almost empty. Today we observe some kind of monoculture which is covering european shoreline. Spa is the cultural phenomenon. Generally speaking it is a place with natural and therapeutic values (climate, mineral waters etc), with professional, well organized health service and specialistic functions, hydrotherapy, mineral springs, sanatoriums. It is clear that health resort is the place of medical function but owing to human, genius loci affects every cultural aspect. In spite of such many similarities, every health resort keep its own, individual character, its ego which determinates every structure and activity - creating spa landscape. It is significant that spa landscape distinguish itself from different culture landscapes, in Poland as in whole Europe, and it is treated as uncommon and precious cultural value. As the one of original spa landscape values is its psychological aspect - the calm oasis - what is of assistance in the therapies. The spa landscape is created by architecture, fine arts and garden art. The very health resort are the perfect example of gesamtkunstwerk, where fine arts, music, theatre and literature coexists in the open space and where culture and society create its character. When time passed the seaside healthy resorts was transformed into the multifunctional, leisure towns. During the 19th century a lot of buildings and spa resorts was founded. They started to be characteristic elements of panorama views of towns and distinguished in the landscape. Some of them took even the symbol values. After the Second World War because of political transformations and fact of cultural identity weakness and lost of its consciousness, a lot of the spa objects was partly destructed or destroyed. Without care and badly used was rebuilted or devastated. We are in urgent necessity to save the preserved objects as the important elements of cultural heritage and to reconstruct the most valuable and significant elements of landscape.