Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Evolution of Compost Phytotoxicity during Municipal Waste and Poultry Manure Composting

Aylaj Mina, Adani Fabrizio

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2023

|

Vol. 24, nr 6

281--293

EN

Composting is commonly used for waste management and the evaluation of its quality is important for successful application. Seed germination test is commonly adopted due to its capacity to examine the toxicity level of compost. The seed test is usually evaluated on the final product and the results can vary with the different methods and the type of seed utilized. In this study, the evolution of seed germination tests during the composting process of municipal waste (MSW) mixed with poultry manure (PM) of two species tomato and sugar beet was examined. The impact of compost water extracts on seed germination and plant primary root growth for each sampling was reported. The chemical parametrs were evaluated on the final product. Results show that mixture C1 with a higher amount of municipal waste gave less compost yield than mixture C2. After 35 days of composting, the compost was phytotoxic for tomato and sugar beet seeds. The seeds of the two cultures reacted differently to the same compost. The compost could stimulate sugar beet germination at days 110, 140, 180, 212 and 252. Seed germination of sugar beet was increased and delayed by one day by the compost stabilized and mature as compared with the control.

2

Metal Toxicity Reduction on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Raphanus sp. and Arabidopsis sp. Using Date Seed Biochar

Al-Tarawneh Amjad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 7

67--82

EN

The date seeds (DS) biochar produced at 550°C was found to be appropriate for remediation of metal-contaminated water. This was evident in the data, which showed that applying the biochar to Raphanus sp. and Arabidopsis sp. reduced metal stress and toxicity. The LC50 of all tested metals solutions on seed germination was increased significantly (P<0.05) in Raphanus sp. by 10.4, 2.3, 5, 1.8, and 3 folds, respectively, for Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and metals combination, and by 5, 3.4, 6, 5.5, and 2.5 folds in Arabidopsis sp. For seedling growth, the DS biochar enhanced the LC50 significantly (P<0.05) of the same metals in Raphanus sp. by 9.6, 9.2, 13.8, 12.1, and 1.6 folds, and in Arabidopsis sp. by 7, 3, 2.3, 2.9, and 2.7 folds, respectively. The LC of all metals was increased by 1.5 to 8 times and 1.5 to 12 times, respectively, for the seed germination and seedling growth of Raphanus sp. and Arabidopsis sp. Both plants were able to grow shoots at higher metal concentrations when the DS biochar was employed, as compared to the case when no DS biochar was utilized. In terms of shoot length, similar results were achieved, with the DS biochar application significantly enhancing shoot length (P<0.05), as compared to the case when no biochar was applied. Despite the fact that Arabidopsis sp. was more sensitive to metals than Raphanus sp., both plants raised their RGR and TI and reduced their phytotoxicity values in all metals following the DS biochar application, and sprouted at higher metal concentrations than before. These findings introduce a successful eco-friendly adsorbent for metal removal from aquatic environments, paving the way for more investigations.

3

Effects of plant extracts and disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 on the quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds

Górski Romuald, Szopińska Dorota, Dorna Hanna, Rosińska Agnieszka, Stefańska Zuzanna, Lisiecka Jolanta

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2020

|

Vol. 27, nr 4

617--628

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. (Aloe) and Morinda citrifolia L. (Indian mulberry) plant extracts and disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 (hydrogen peroxide stabilized with silver ions) on carrot seed quality. The seeds of two carrot cultivars Amsterdam (sample I) and Berlikumer 2 (sample II), were soaked in solutions of Aloe and Indian mulberry extracts and Huva-San TR 50 at concentrations of 0.025 %, 0.05 % and 0.1 % for 30 min. Untreated seeds and seeds soaked in distilled water for 30 min were used as controls. Seed germination was assessed after 7 and 14 days of incubation. The speed and uniformity of seed germination (vigour) were evaluated. Mycological analysis was performed using a deep-freeze blotter test. Sample I was characterized by lower germination at the first and the final counts than sample II and higher seed infestation with Alternaria radicina. Treating seeds of sample I with Morinda citrifolia plant extract at concentrations of 0.025 and 0.05 % reduced their infestation with Alternaria alternata and A. radicina, increased germination at the first and the final counts, and did not affect seed vigour. The effects of Aloe extract and disinfectant Huva-San TR 50 on seed quality parameters varied depending on their concentration. Hence, further studies are necessary to establish the optimal conditions for carrot seed treatment.

4

Advantages of Small-Seeded Species in Forests : Win-Win for Temporal and Spatial Dispersal among Seeds in Rhododendron

Wang Haiyang, Lai Xiaohong, Zhang Yanru, Chen Hong

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2019

|

Vol. 67, nr 1

17--32

EN

There is little consistent evidence for evolutionary associations from seed production to seedling fitness. In this study, 20 species of Rhododendron genus were selected from subtropical forests of southwest China; the life-history functional traits such as the seed size, seed number per twig, germination traits, dispersal and seedling survival were investigated, the ecological relationships among them were tested and the advantages of small-seeded species were discussed. The results show that the quantitative parameters of germination, such as the germination rate, potential, and index are positively correlated with seed number produced per stem, while temporal parameters, such as germination peak timing and duration are positively correlated with seed size. The two results indicate that different Rhododendron species with different seed sizes and relative seed number can deal with varying environments according to spatial dispersal or time dispersal, respectively, and the advantages of smaller seeds in the aspect of sprouting vigour, dispersal ability and seedling survival may lay the foundation for the establishment of small-seeded plants in the forest.

5

Effects of electromagnetic fields and their shielding on the quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) seeds

Górski Romuald, Dorna Hanna, Rosińska Agnieszka, Szopińska Dorota, Wosiński Stanisław

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2019

|

Vol. 26, nr 4

785--795

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of electromagnetic fields and their shielding on carrot seed quality. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: “E” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, “EM” - sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and “M” - sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Fields generated by the device were also shielded with ADR TEX screen, based on a nanocomposite in which the electric component of the electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by water dispersed in a dielectric matrix in various ways. The composites exhibit high dielectric absorption and shield electric fields within the frequency range from ~100 mHz to ~100 kHz. Seed germination and vigour were evaluated at 20 °C in darkness. Mycological analysis was performed using a deep-freeze blotter test. Exposure of seeds to radiation with the predominance of the electrical component and electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components combined with shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX (E+ADR TEX and EM+ADR TEX) increased seed germination energy and germination capacity compared to these treatments without shielding and control. The percentage of abnormal diseased seedlings in treatments with shielding of electromagnetic fields with ADR TEX (E+ADR TEX, EM+ADR TEX and M+ADR TEX) was significantly lower than in the treatments without shielding and in control. None of the treatments affected seed vigour. Generally, exposure of seeds to electromagnetic radiation did not influence the incidence of fungi.

6

Effects of electromagnetic fields on the quality of onion (Allium cepa l.) seeds

Górski Romuald, Dorna Hanna, Rosińska Agnieszka, Szopińska Dorota, Dawidziak Filip, Wosiński Stanisław

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

|

2019

|

Vol. 26, nr 1-2

47--58

EN

The aim of this paper was to establish whether electromagnetic fields (EMF) with a super low frequency (SLF) have a negative effect on onion seed quality. Three sectors were separated on the device emitting electromagnetic fields: „E” – sector emitting electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of the electrical component, „EM” – sector emitting electromagnetic radiation without domination of its components and „M” – sector with a predominance of magnetic component. Seed germination and vigour were evaluated at 20 oC in darkness. Mycological analysis was performed using a agar plate method. Exposure of seeds to electromagnetic fields did not affect Gmax. Treated seeds were characterized with significantly lower germination capacity and higher percentage of deformed abnormal seedlings than untreated seeds. Electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of electrical component (E), and electromagnetic radiation with the predominance of magnetic component (M) also significantly decreased the germination energy. The effect of electromagnetic fields on the speed of germination was ambiguous. Seeds treated with the electromagnetic field with predominance of magnetic component (M), and electromagnetic field without domination of its components (EM) germinated significantly less uniformly than control. Generally, exposure of seeds to electromagnetic fields did not influence the incidence of fungi.

PL

Celem prowadzonych badań było ustalenie, czy pola elektromagnetyczne (EMF) o super niskiej częstotliwości (SLF) mają negatywny wpływ na jakość nasion cebuli. Na urządzeniu emitującym pola elektromagnetyczne wyodrębniono trzy sektory: „E” – sektor emitujący promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne z przewagą składowej elektrycznej, „EM” – sektor emitujący promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne bez dominacji jego składowych oraz „M” – sektor z przewagą składowej magnetycznej. Kiełkowanie i wigor nasion oceniono w temperaturze 20 oC w ciemności. Analizę mikologiczną przeprowadzono za pomocą testu agarowego. Poddanie nasion działaniu pól elektromagnetycznych nie wpłynęło na wartość Gmax. Traktowane nasiona charakteryzowały się znacznie niższą zdolnością kiełkowania i wyższym odsetkiem siewek anormalnych zniekształconych niż nasiona nietraktowane. Promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne z przewagą składowej elektrycznej (E) oraz promieniowanie elektromagnetyczne z przewagą składowej magnetycznej (M) istotnie zmniejszyło także energię kiełkowania. Wpływ pól elektromagnetycznych na szybkość kiełkowania był niejednoznaczny. Nasiona poddane działaniu pola elektromagnetycznego z przewagą składowej magnetycznej (M) i pola elektromagnetycznego bez dominacji jego składowych (EM) kiełkowały istotnie mniej wyrównanie niż nasiona nietraktowane. Zasadniczo, poddanie nasion działaniu pól elektromagnetycznych nie miało wpływu na występowanie na nich grzybów.

7

Nitrogen Deposition Influences the Allelopathic Effect of an Invasive Plant on the Reproduction of a Native Plant : Solidago canadensis versus Pterocypsela laciniata

Wang C., Liu J., Xiao H., Zhou J., Du D.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2017

|

Vol. 65, nr 1

87--96

EN

This study aims to gain insights into the allelopathic effects (by using leaf extracts) of the notorious invasive Solidago canadensis L. on seed germination of the associated Pterocypsela laciniata (Houtt.) C. Shih under different nitrogen (N) forms added: inorganic (NO3- -N and NH4+ -N), organic (urea-N), and mixed N (a mixture of the three N forms at 1:1:1 ratio). Among the two used concentrations of S. canadensis leaf extracts the higher exhibited inhibitory allelopathic effects on seedling height and biomass, germination potential, germination index, and vigor index of P. laciniata. N demonstrated positive effects on seed germination of P. laciniata. The effects of mixed and organic N on the seedling biomass of P. laciniata were more pronounced than those of inorganic N and control treatment. The vigor index of P. laciniata under mixed N was significantly higher than those under single N form and control treatment. Thus, organic and mixed N showed higher ecological effects on seed germination of P. laciniata than inorganic and single N form. All N forms could alleviate the inhibitory allelopathic effects of S. canadensis on seed germination of P. laciniata. Overall, the inhibitory allelopathic impact of S. canadensis on seed germination of native species may be attenuated under increased and diverse N deposition, thus it could prevent its further invasion.

8

Effect of petroleum derivatives contaminated soil on germination and early growth of chosen plants

Parus A., Szulc P., Zbytek Z.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2017

|

Vol. 62, nr 4

70--74

EN

Most of products of petroleum have a toxic effects to plants, animals and also to man. Overworked motor oils and mixtures of different petroleum substances are especially dangerous for environment. The aim of this work was to determine the effect of overworked motor oil, diesel and their mixtures on the growth and advancement of chosen species of plants. The effect of increasing concentration of the petroleum substances in the soil (0.5, 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, 25.0 ml kg-1) on: seed germination, the elongation of shoot and root of barley, maize and mustard were studied. On the basis of research results it was stated that limited germination and growth of plants was caused by used petroleum substances and their mixture. Increasing the dose of xenobiotic caused reduction in the quantity of seeds or inhibition of germination as well as considerably limited lengths of roots and shoot of all tested plants. The studied species showed different sensitivity to the concentration of overworked motor oil. The highest toxicity was observed for mixture of overworked motor oil with diesel. Among all tested plants, the mustard was the most sensitive to the presence of petrochemical impurities.

PL

Większość z produktów naftowych oddziałuje toksycznie na organizmy żywe, w tym na rośliny, zwierzęta a także na człowieka. Szczególnie groźne dla środowiska są przepracowane oleje silnikowe oraz mieszanin różnych substancji petrochemicznych, np. diesla i przepracowanego oleju silnikowego. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu przepracowanego oleju silnikowego, diesla oraz ich mieszaniny na wzrost i rozwój wybranych gatunków roślin. Badano wpływ substancji ropopochodnych w glebie w dawkach 0,5, 1,0, 2,5, 5,0, 10,0 i 25 ml kg-1 gleby na kiełkowanie, wzrost części nadziemnych i podziemnych jęczmienia, kukurydzy oraz gorczycy. Na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, iż obecność diesla oraz przepracowanego oleju silnikowego wpływa na ograniczenie kiełkowania i wzrostu roślin. Zwiększenie dawki ksenobiotyku spowodowało zmniejszenie ilości lub całkowite zahamowanie kiełkowania nasion, a także wpływało na znaczne ograniczenie wzrostu części nadziemnych i podziemnych roślin użytych w doświadczeniu. Badane gatunki wykazały zróżnicowaną wrażliwość na zanieczyszczenie gleby substancjami ropopochodnymi. Największą toksyczność wykazuje mieszanina diesla i przepracowanego oleju silnikowego.

9

Impact of magnetized water on germination energy of seeds and weight of garden savory (Satureja hortensis L.), buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum L.), yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.) and winter rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings

Podsiadło C., Skorupa B.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

|

2017

|

nr III/2

1241--1250

EN

The laboratory experiment was carried out in 2008-2009. It consisted of several series of measurements, which were designed to evaluate the effect of magnetized water on seeding value and growth of seedlings and the weight of selected plant species. The results confirmed a diverse reaction of assessed species seeds towards the type of water used. Mag¬netized water stimulated the seed germination of garden savory and rape, while had no effect on the seeds of yellow lupine. In case of the seeds of buckwheat, this parameter decreased under the influence of magnetized water in the first six days of the experiment. A beneficial effect of bio-stim¬ulation with magnetized water on the rate of growth of the aboveground parts of seedlings was recorded. The positive effect related to all species. The greatest stimulation was observed in buckwheat and garden savory. The use of magnetized water reduced the growth rate of roots at garden savory and buckwheat, while it increased the growth of winter rape roots. It had no effect in yellow lupine. The type of water exerted a significant influence on the fresh weight and roots of seedlings. Regardless of the assessed species, the use of magnetized water resulted in a significant increase in fresh weight and roots by 6% and 9%. No significant influence of the water type on dry matter of seedlings of analysed plant was assessed.

10

Elodeid species as nursery beds for the successful seed restoration of Vallisneria spiralis L.

Cao J., Ruan H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2015

|

Vol. 63, nr 1

53--62

EN

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) is often difficult to restore due to their low seedling survival rates. Therefore, we hypothesized that the elodeid macrophytes serve as effective “nursery” areas to promote success for seedlings of other SAV. However, the high density of the elodeid community may inhibit the establishment of other SAV. An experiment was conducted to explore this “nursery effect” as a restoration approach to increase the success of seed restoration. Two elodeid species were pre-planted into mesocosms to create three levels of “nursery beds” i.e., bare, sparse (approx. 100 g m-2) and dense (approx. 200 g m-2). Seeds of Vallisneria spiralis were then placed into these beds to test the seed germination and growth of V. spiralis seedlings. After three months, seed germination was lower in the bare treatment than in the sparse and dense treatments. The growth of V. spiralis seedlings was greater in the sparse treatment than in the bare and dense treatments. These results revealed that the established elodeid bed had a positive effect on the seed restoration of V. spiralis but that the restoration efficiency was significantly reduced by the high-density cover of the elodeid community.

11

The effect of intercropping of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) with sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima L.) and white mustard (Synapis alba L.) on the energy and the ability of seed germination

Biniaś B., Gospodarek J., Rusin M.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2015

|

Vol. 60, nr 3

11--15

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the accompanying plants: sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima) and white mustard (Synapis alba L.) on the energy and the ability of germination of broad bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds variety Bartek. In the experiment, the analyzed broad bean seeds were obtained from a field experiment, in which it had been grown along with two other plants in varying spacing (the distances between rows were 50, 65 and 80 cm) and in homogeneous cultivation (the distances between rows were 50 cm). Broad bean in a homogeneous cultivation served as a control. In addition, the broad bean seeds from homogeneous cultivation subjected to a standard protection by chemical insecticides were also analyzed. The measurement of the energy and ability of broad bean seeds germination was carried out in the laboratory conditions, in accordance with generally accepted standards. The morphological parameters of seedlings were also evaluated (the length of the root and the above ground parts and the number of the lateral roots longer than 2 mm). There was no significant influence of the neighbourhood of sweet alyssum (Lobularia maritima L.) and white mustard (Synapis alba L.) on the germination energy and ability of broad bean seeds. The neighbourhood of sweet alyssum did not significantly affect the length of the primary root and the above-ground part of the broad bean seedlings and the number of the lateral roots. However the neighbourhood of the white mustard contributed to the increase of the length of aboveground part of seedlings, but only in the highest applied spacing of rows.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu rośliny towarzyszącej: smagliczki nadmorskiej (Lobularia maritima L.) oraz gorczycy białej (Synapis alba L.), na energię i zdolność kiełkowania nasion bobu (Vicia faba L.) odmiany Bartek. W doświadczeniu analizowano nasiona bobu pochodzące z doświadczenia polowego, w którym był on uprawiany współrzędnie z dwoma w/w roślinami w zróżnicowanej rozstawie (odległość między rzędami: 50, 65 i 80 cm) oraz samodzielnie (odległość między rzędami 50 cm). Bób w uprawie jednorodnej stanowił kontrolę. Dodatkowo analizowano także nasiona bobu pochodzące z uprawy jednorodnej i poddanej standardowej ochronie z użyciem insektycydów chemicznych. Ocenę energii i zdolności kiełkowania nasion bobu przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych, zgodnie z ogólnie przyjętymi normami. Ocenie poddano również parametry morfologiczne siewek (długość korzenia głównego i części nadziemnej oraz liczbę korzeni bocznych dłuższych niż 2 mm). Nie stwierdzono istotnego wpływu towarzystwa smagliczki nadmorskiej (Lobularia maritima L.) oraz gorczycy białej (Synapis alba L.) na energię i zdolność kiełkowania nasion bobu. Sąsiędztwo smagliczki nadmorskiej nie wpłynęło w sposób istotny na długość korzenia głównego i części nadziemnej siewek bobu oraz na liczbę korzeni bocznych. Z kolei towarzystwo gorczycy białej, ale tylko przy największej zastosowanej rozstawie, przyczyniło się do zwiększenia długości części nadziemnej siewek.

12

Influence of the Three Gorges Reservoir on the vegetation of its drawdown area: effects of water submersion and temperature on seed germination of Xanthium sibiricum(Compositae)

Wang Q., Yuan X., Liu H.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2014

|

Vol. 62, nr 1

25--36

EN

Xanthium sibiricum, an annual weed, unexpectedly and dramatically occupied the exposed drawdown area after water had been impounded for the first time in the newly created Three Gorges Reservoir in China. In order to explain this phenomenon and establish an appropriate management strategy, the effects of constant submersion on seed viability and germination of X. sibiricum were investigated at two constant temperature regimes (25°C and 30°C) under artificial laboratory conditions. The results indicated that the seeds of X. sibiricum exhibited a high level of tolerance of submersion and up to 99% of seeds were viable in each treatment regime. The effect of submersion on germination was not obvious at 25°C until the submersion was prolonged for 180 days, while at 30°C the eventual germination rate of X. sibiricum, even after submergence for only one day, was significantly improved. The speed of germination was also consistently accelerated by prolonged periods of submersion. The proportion of seeds that germinated in all treatments combined was less that 56% due to seed dimorphism, thereby providing a seed bank. We conclude that the interaction between long-term winter flooding and high temperature in summer is the major reason that X. sibiricum was able to occupy the newly exposed drawdown area in the absence of competition. These findings provided further insight into how germination strategy and reservoir water-management regime contributed to this dramatic species outbreak.

13

Effects of saline-alkaline stress on early growth strategy and colonization success of Flaveria bidentis ( L.) Kuntze (Asteraceae ) - a new exotic plant in Northern China

Chai M., Shi F., He K., Li R., Cao D., He Z.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2012

|

Vol. 60, nr 3

559-565

EN

Flaveria bidentis, an annual grass native to South America, has invaded into many countries all over the world, including South Africa and Egypt in Africa, Britain and France in Europe, Japan in Asia, and Australia. In China, this plant species has been widely distributed in Hebei province since 2001 of its first discovery in Tianjin. In salinized soil of northern China, F. bidentis has formed mono dominant communities owing to its opportunistic characteristics. In this study, we investigated germination rate, germination energy, germination index and vigor index in response to different saline-alkaline stresses. Lengths of seedling, hypocotyl, and radicle were also examined. During germination process, germination rate, germination energy, germination index, and vigor index decreased due to higher salinity and alkalinity (pH). Hypocotyl elongation was stimulated at low salinity and alkalinity, but decreased with increasing salinity and alkalinity. The lengths of radicle and seedling were inhibited sharply with increasing salinity and alkalinity. These results suggest that a reciprocal enhancement between salt stress and alkaline stress was a characteristic feature during seed germination of F. bidentis. Ungerminated seeds resumed to germinate after transferred to distilled water, indicating that seeds remained viable during their exposure to saline-alkaline stresses. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the effects of salinity, alkalinity (pH), and buffer capacity on seed germination and seedling growth were significantly different in magnitude. Salinity and alkalinity (pH) were the dominant factors in seed germination and seedling growth of F. bidentis respectively. Further, the results of this study suggest that F. bidentis has developed excellent adaptative strategy in its early stage of life cycle which partially explains its current invasion success in northern China.

14

Wpływ hydrokondycjonowania na aktywność metaboliczną oraz kiełkowanie nasion i wschody siewek marchwi

Grzesik M., Janas R.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2011

|

Vol. 56, nr 3

127-132

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych doświadczeń było zbadanie wpływu czterech metod hydrokondycjonowania, z uwzględnieniem etapowości moczenia, na wartość siewną nasion marchwi 'Amsterdamska'. W tym celu komercyjne nasiona tej odmiany uwadniano czterema metodami w temperaturze 20oC, metodą jednoetapowego lub dwuetapowego moczenia przez 2, 4, 6, 12 i 24 godziny lub w dawkach napowietrzanej wody do różnych wilgotności (10 do 52%). Uwilgotnione nasiona wymienionymi metodami inkubowano następnie w temperaturze 18-20oC w hermetycznych pojemnikach przez 1, 2, 4 lub 6 dni, codziennie je przewietrzając i oceniając ich wilgotność metodą suszarkową. Następnie oceniono ich wartość siewną na podstawie dynamiki, zdolności i średniego czasu kiełkowania w 20oC, przepuszczalności membran cytoplazmatycznych, ogólnej aktywności dehydrogenaz, dynamiki wschodów, liczby wzeszłych siewek i ich wysokości po 18 dniach od wysiewu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że nasiona marchwi 'Amsterdamska' uwodnione do około 40% zawartości wody oraz inkubowane w 20oC przez okres 2-4 dni i następnie wysuszone do wilgotności wyjściowej charakteryzują się wysokim wigorem, szybciej kiełkują, często w większym procencie, a uzyskane z nich siewki szybciej wschodzą i rosną niż siewki z nasion kontrolnych. Szybkie wnikanie wody do zarodków nie uszkadza membran cytoplazmatycznych.

EN

The aim of the experiments has been to investigate the effect of four methods of hydroconditioning, including single and two-step soaking, on the carrot 'Amsterdamska' seeds quality. For this purpose, the commercial seeds of this variety have been hydrated with four methods at 20°C, using a single or two-step soaking for 2, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours or in doses of the aerated water to the different moisture content (10 to52%). Next, the moistened seeds with the mentioned methods have been incubated at 18-20oC in airtight containers for 1, 2, 4 or 6 days, with daily aeration and assessing their moisture content. Then, the hydroprimed seeds have been examined by the evaluation of the dynamics and number of germinated seeds, mean time of seed germination at 20°C, permeability of cytoplasmic membranes, total activity of dehydrogenases, dynamics of emergence, number of emerged seedlings and their height after 18 days after sowing. The results indicate that the carrot 'Amsterdamska' seeds after hydration up to 40% of water content and incubation at 20°C for 2-4 days and drying down to an initial moisture content, affects in the higher vigor of seeds, accelerate their germination, often in greater percentages and accelerate emergence and growth of seedlings. Rapid penetration of water into the embryos does not damage the cytoplasmic membranes.

15

Effect of Rate and Time of Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield Quality of Red Fescue Grown for Seeds

Szczepanek M.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

|

2010

|

Vol. 17, nr 6

677-687

EN

Nitrogen rates of 20, 40 or 60 kg o ha-1 were applied in autumn, and 40, 60 and 80 kg o ha-1 in spring in production years (in a single rate or in two parts: 40 kg o ha-1 at the start of growth and 40 kg o ha-1 at the beginning of stern formation). In the first year of seed harvesting, the spring nitrogen rate did not have an effect on the proportion of normally germinating, hard, fresh and dead seeds in the preliminary or final assessments in germination test. In the second year, the application of part of nitrogen for vegetative growth, with limited formation of generative organs, contributed to lowering of seed yield quality. Division of a rate of 80 kg N o ha-1 applied in spring resulted in a decrease in the proportion of normal seedlings as compared with a single application at the start of growth. In conditions of the lowest rate of autumn fertilization, a reduction in seed number in spikelets and an increase in thousand seed weight were accompanied by a decrease in dead seed proportion in yield.

PL

Jesienią, stosowano 20, 40 lub 60 kg N o ha-1, natomiast wiosną w latach pełnego użytkowania 40, 60 oraz 80 kg N o ha-1 (jednorazowo lub w dwóch częściach: 40 kg o ha-1 w czasie początku wegetacji i 40 kg-1 na początku strzelania w źdźbło). W pierwszym roku zbioru nasion wiosenna dawka azotu nie miała wpływu na udział nasion normalnie kiełkujących, twardych, świeżych i martwych w ocenie wstępnej ani końcowej testu kiełkowania. W drugim roku wykorzystanie części azotu na wzrost wegetatywny, przy ograniczeniu tworzenia organów generatywnych przyczyniło się do pogorszenia jakości otrzymanego plonu nasion. Dzielenie dawki 80 kg o ha-1 azotu stosowanego wiosną w porównaniu do jednorazowej aplikacji spowodowało zmniejszenie udziału siewek normalnych z 69,9 do 59,9 %. W warunkach najmniejszej dawki nawożenia jesiennego ograniczeniu liczby nasion w kioskach i zwiększeniu masy tysiąca nasion towarzyszyło zmniejszenie udziału nasion martwych w plonie.

16

Ecological adaptation strategies in alien species: effects of salinity, temperature and photoperiod on Spartina alterniflora Loisel. seed germination

Yuan Z., Shi F.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2009

|

Vol. 57, nr 4

677-684

EN

Spartina alterniflora (smooth cordgrass), a perennial grass native to the coastal marshes of eastern America, is widely distributed in northern China since 1979 of its introduction. In the tidal marshlands of north China, S. alterniflora has displaced native species and is presently dominant member of the community owing to its opportunistic characteristics. In this study we investigated S. alterniflora seed germination responses to different temperatures, between 5.25[degrees]C in one thermoperiod (16/26[degrees]C) and in two light treatments - 10/14h (night/day) photoperiod and dark conditions. Variations of seed germination at different storage temperatures and storage duration were also examined. In addition, the effect of different salt concentrations on seed germination was evaluated. The optimal temperature for germination was 25[degrees]C and 16/26[degrees]C (night/day) thermo-period - germination percentage was greater than 90%. Light intensity had no influence on the percent of seed germination and germination indices when seeds were exposed to identical temperatures. At 120 d of storage and -5, 0, and 5[degrees]C temperatures, germination percentage exceeded 75%. The optimal salinity level for seed germination was 150 mM NaCl. Germination percentages were highest (> 90%) when salinity did not exceed 450 mM NaCl. The ability of S. alterniflora seeds to germinate under a wide range of temperature and light conditions resulted in continued seedling development under high salinity.

17

Oddziaływanie benzoesanu sodu na wybrane procesy fizjologiczne w kiełkujących nasionach rzodkiewki Raphanus sativus L.

Święciło A.

Proceedings of ECOpole

|

2007

|

Vol. 1, No. 1/2

253--257

PL

Zbadano wpływ benzoesanu sodu na proces kiełkowania nasion rzodkiewki Raphanus sativus L. Uzyskane wyniki sugerują, że benzoesan sodu w stężeniach mniejszych niż 0,03 mol • dm-3 obniżał energię, a w mniejszym stopniu zdolność kiełkowania nasion rzodkiewki. Nie modyfikował jednak dynamiki wzrostu siewek i nie indukował cech patomorfologicznych. Natomiast zastosowany w stężeniach większych niż 0.03 mol • dm-3 całkowicie hamował proces kiełkowania nasion. Zarodki tych nasion były żywe, ale charakteryzowały się małą aktywnością katalazy w porównaniu do nasion skiełkowanych.

EN

Derivatives of benzoate acid are produced at industrial level and are used as preservatives in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. They also occur naturally in some berries and are intermediates of metabolic trails. In over-physiological doses they have a destructive effect on human body and other living organisms. The aim of this study was determine the influence of sodium benzoate on germination processes of radish seeds Raphanus sativus L. The results that were obtained reveal that sodium benzoate in concentration lower than 0.03 mol • dm-3 decreases energy, and to a smaller extent germination ability of radish seeds. However, sodium benzoate does not modify growth dynamics of seedlings, nor does it induce pathomorphological features. In concentration higher than 0.03 mol • dm-3 sodium benzoate totally inhibits seed germination process. Despite the lack of signs of seed germination in the investigated samples, no decrease in germ vitality in the seeds was observed. The results suggest that biological tests based on seed germination process can be used to determine potential toxicity of preservatives.

18

Wstępne badania nad jakością pyłku, nasion i przeżywalnością siewek brzozy brodawkowatej (Betula pendula roth.) pochodzących z drzew rosnących na zwałowisku pocynkowym

Franiel I.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

|

2003

|

Vol. 29, no. 2

5--11

PL

Celem pracy było określenie jakości pyłku i orzeszków brzozy brodawkowatej oraz możliwości przeżycia jej siewek na materiale pochodzącym z dwóch stanowisk: hałdy pocynkowej i powierzchni kontrolnej nie narażonej na długotrwałe negatywne oddziaływanie czynników antropogenicznych. Materiał badawczy pochodził z hałdy pocynkowej ZM "Silesia" w Katowicach i z powierzchni kontrolnej zlokalizowanej w Mirowie. Badania dotyczyły: ź żywotności pyłku na pożywce sacharozowo-agarowej, ź zdolności kiełkowania nasion w warunkach laboratoryjnych na płytkach Petriego, ź przeżywalności siewek w doświadczeniu wazonowym na glebie z hałdy pocynkowej i z Mirowa oraz. na glebie inspektowej (w każdym wariancie użyto po 96 orzeszków po 8 sztuk na wazon). Można sądzić, że skumulowane w podłożu zanieczyszczenia wyraźnie zakłócają zawiązywanie się orzeszków brzozy brodawkowej oraz wpływają ba obniżenie wartości siewnej nasion.

EN

The paper presents the results of the research whose aim was to establish the sensitivity degree of Betula pendula pollen, seeds and seedlings in the adverse conditions of the zinc-lead waste from "Silesia" Steelworks in Katowice. The pollen and the seeds of the birch (from the dump and unpolluted region Mirów) were tested by taking into condition: pollen capacity and seeds germination capacity. For the pot cultures metallurgical wastes and the soil from Mirów were placed in plastic boxes. For each kind of seeds a different soil variant was applied: Dump soil, Soil from Mirów, Garden soil (control group), 8 seeds were put into each box (total number of seeds for each variant was 96). The seeds of Betula peudula growing on smelter waste dumps had been collected in the vicinity of the dumps. The results of the experiment showed that the soil pollution has a significant impact on generative phase of Betula peudula.