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Wpływ chemikaliów na stan środowiska morskiego - analiza wypadków na akwenach Europy w latach 1971-2014

Bogalecka M., Łukaszewska K.

Rocznik Bezpieczeństwa Morskiego

2015

R. IX cz. I

77--93

Celem pracy była analiza substancji chemicznych innych niż olej, które w wyniku ponad 40 wypadków, do jakich doszło na akwenach Europy w latach 1971-2014, przedostały się do środowiska morskiego. Substancje te scharakteryzowano pod względem wielkości niebezpieczeństwa, grożącego z ich strony oraz wskazano akweny, które uległy zanieczyszczeniu tymi substancjami w największym stopniu.

The goal of the paper was the analysis of chemicals, other than oil, released as the result of sea accidents that happened around European sea areas in 1971-2014. It was found that: • 43 serious accidents were happened around European sea areas during the analysed period, • about 50 kinds of chemicals were spilled as the result of these accidents, • a few chemicals were spilled more than once, • a lot of accidents were placed at the North Sea – 36,0%, • substances interfere with costal amenities were the largest group of spilled substances – 88,6%, • a lot of substances interfere with costal amenities were highly objectionable (persistence, smell, poisonous or irritant characteristic of substances, beaches liable to be closed) – 52,7%, • a lot of substances interfere with costal amenities were spilled into the Atlantic Ocean – 25,5%, • a lot of substances occurred the air contamination were moderately toxic (lethal concentration LC50: 2 mg/dm3 < LC50 ≤ 10 mg/dm3) – 51,6%, • a lot of substances occurred the air contamination were spilled into the Atlantic Ocean – 38,7%, • a lot of substances occurred the water contamination were moderately toxic (lethal concentration LC50: 1 mg/dm3 < LC50 ≤ 10 mg/dm3) – 48,5%, • a lot of substances occurred the water contamination were spilled into the Atlantic Ocean – 39,4%, • a lot of flammable substances were highly flammable (flashpoint Tz: -18°C < Tz ≤ 23°C) – 64,0%, • a lot of flammable substances were spilled into the Atlantic Ocean as well as the North Sea – 28,0% respectively, • a lot of corrosive substances were moderately dangerous (time of skin necrosis t: 3 min < t ≤ 60 min) – 58,3%, • a lot of corrosive substances were spilled into the Atlantic Ocean as well as the Baltic Sea – 33,3% respectively, • a lot of bioaccumulative substances were characterised very low potential to bioaccumulate (partition coefficient log P: 5 < log P, or bioconcentration factor BCF: 4000 < BCF) – 30,0%, • a lot of bioaccumulative substances were spilled into the North Sea – 25,0%, • there were happened only one accident involved the explosive and radioactive substance.