This paper presents a method of screen-printing a conductive carbon nanotube printing paste onto textile substrates to prepare textronic strain sensors for measuring breathing rate. Screen-printed sensors can be integrated with garments after construction and do not require significant modification of the construction process. Personalisation of the garment is used to optimize sensor placement for improved measurement accuracy. Changes in the electrical resistance of the sensor as a result of changes in strain are detected and used to determine the breathing rate.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metodę wytwarzania tensometrycznego czujnika tekstronicznego do pomiaru częstości oddychania w spersonalizowanej odzieży. Czujnik został wykonany metodą druku filmowego na bazie wielościennych nanorurek węglowych. Druk filmowy został naniesiony na spersonalizowane koszulki, charakteryzujące się odpowiednią budową i naciskiem do ciała badanej osoby. Personalizacja odzieży służy optymalizacji umiejscowienia czujnika ukierunkowanej na dokładność pomiaru. W artykule przedstawiono zmiany oporności elektrycznej czujnika w wyniku zmiany odkształcenia klatki piersiowej w czasie oddychania.
2
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In this paper we present the results of solar cell’s screen printed contacts thickening by light induced plating (LIP) of Cu and Ag. Light-induced and light-assisted plating techniques are compared. Plating bath current versus illumination intensity, the potentials of metallic anode, front and back surfaces of the solar cell were measured and analyzed for all possible plating modes. The current-voltage behaviour of cells under illumination in a plating bath for the cases of electrically insulated and non-insulated back-surface of a cell is analyzed and discussed. Finally, the exact values of current/voltage/illumination intensity for optimal depositions and a general recipe for their determination for different plating materials are given. The quality of deposited layers, state of contact-line and anti-reflective coating surface were controlled after plating by cross-section and planar-view SEM observations. The electrical properties of plated contacts and their effect on overall efficiency of solar cell were investigated by measuring contact-line resistance and dark- and light I-V solar cell measurements. The absence of short-circuits was verified by imaging with an infra-red camera.
3
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Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyze how to improve the quality of the screen printed contacts of silicon solar cells. This means forming front side grid in order to decrease contact resistance. Design/methodology/approach: The topography of screen printed contacts were investigated using ZEISS SUPRA 25 scanning electron microscope (SEM) with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectrometer for microchemical analysis. Front collection grid was created using two types of Ag pastes.The Transmission Line Model (TLM) patterns were fabricated by screen printing method on p – type Czochralski silicon Cz-Si wafer with n+ emitter without texture and with a titanium oxide (TiOx) layer as an antireflection coating (ARC). Electrical properties of contacts were investigated using TLM. Findings: This work presents a conventional analysis of a screen printing process for contact formation in the crystalline silicon solar cells. The seed layer was created using silver pasts by the screen printed metallization. These contact structures were investigated using SEM to gain a better understanding of the obtained electrical parameters. Research limitations/implications: The contact resistance of the screen-printed metallization depends not only on the kind of applied paste and firing conditions, but is also strongly influenced by the surface morphology of the silicon substrate. Practical implications: Contact formation is an important production step to be optimized in the development of high efficiency solar cells. Originality/value: The effect of co-firing different pasts (especially a past, which was prepared using silver nano-powder) on electrical properties of silicon wafers.
W pracy przedstawiono wytworzenie ogniwa fotowoltaicznego z wykorzystaniem metody sitodruku oraz jego podstawowe własności elektryczne i optyczne. Pomiary rezystancji elektrody przedniej oraz strefy jej połączenia z podłożem krzemowym wykonano metodą linii transmisyjnych.
EN
The paper presented a manufacturing of photovoltaic cell by screen printing method and its electrical and optical properties. Resistance measurements of front contact and its connection zone with silicon substrate were investigated using Transmission Line Model (TLM).
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