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Using GIS to detect spatial inequality in primary schools in Ain Touta

Akakba Ahmed, Lahmar Belkacem

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

2023

no. 4

27--39

The economic and social changes in Algerian society at the end of the 1980s and the beginning of the 1990s had a radical impact on the urban and regional dynamics and on population growth (besides rural migration) in the regional and urban networks, including cities like Ain Touta, which is considered the most prominent urban agglomeration in the region. Ain Touta was unable to keep up with development challenges, which has led to a deterioration of its education system and other public services. Moreover, the decision-makers of none of these sectors use modern technologies such as geographic information systems (GIS), spatial decision support systems (SDSS), smart cities, and E-government, which would enable them understanding the current issues from a geographical perspective, especially through measuring spatial inequality access to education services. This paper uses a GIS approach to identify spatial inequality in primary schools and measure the distribution pattern using the nearest neighbour average method, vector distribution, hotspot, and service area analyses. These analyses can be help creating a functional access and disability map to improve the local school map. The results obtained confirm the basic hypothesis, as it was found that the northern area of the city, which is the area were the immigrant population resides, is the least accessible to educational institutions. In consequence, other parts of the city have to bear the burden of supporting the northern area, and thus themselves become under-resourced.

O Mapie poglądowej Królestwa Polskiego Jadwigi Wójcickiej z 1885 roku

Bułatowicz O., Pasławski J.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2013

T. 45, nr 2

131--143

W artykule omówiono oryginalną mapę ścienną, genezę i okoliczności jej opracowania oraz wydania. Jest to zapewne pierwsza opublikowana polska ścienna mapa szkolna opracowana przez nauczycielkę.

The article deals with The Illustrative School Map of the Polish Kingdom published in 1885 in Warsaw. We know little about the author Jadwiga Wójcicka (1850-1933). She was most probably a self-taught woman. She taught at school, wrote for Warsaw dailies and wrote a popular book for youth. She had no training in cartography, and her foremost motive for elaborating the map was to help her sons in studying geography. J. Wójcicka finished her school map of Europe in 1880. After she sent it to Chicago to an exhibition of women's work, it got lost. In those times, the so called Polish Kingdom established at the Congress of Vienna (1815) was absolutely subordinated to Russia. After subsequent unsuccessful uprisings (1830, 1863), whose aim was to regain independence, the Russians drastically limited it for Poles. The official language was Russian, there existed Russian censorship and education was on a very low level. At the end of 19th century efforts were made to improve the level of economy and social life in Poland. The map was created with the financial help of Stanisław Szafrankiewicz, the publisher of 'Engineering and Construction' magazine, who employed an artist and paid for printing the map. The map was created in the times when economy school maps were only being devised. It is an illustrative map depicting river, settlement and communication network as well as soils (fig. 1) and forests. With realistic pictures the map shows agriculture, mining, manufacturing and various products. An originally elaborated box functions as the legend of economic symbols used on the map. The content was consulted with specialists and the known geographer and teacher W. Nałkowski (1851-1911). Economic issues are presented on the map through manufactured goods and images of specific industrial works. General notions such as cattle farming, food or textile industry were not used yet. Only several out of the published 1200 copies remained.