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Evaluation of selected maps used in early school education in Poland and proposal of a new solution

Słomska K.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2017

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Vol. 49, No. 2

67--77

EN

The author presents criteria of evaluation and assumption for early school education maps. Attention was payed to needs and perceptual possibilities of map users and cartographic correctness of maps. Main criteria of map evaluation - content and form of a map - have their unique attributes. In case of the first criterion they are accuracy and currency, classification of content and usability. Second criterion consist of: composition, colours, labels on the map and readability. Materials commissioned by Ministry of National Education were evaluated on the said criteria basis. Evaluation of maps for early school education revealed their flaws, among which absence of a scale can be named. Afterwards assumptions were developed and used to prepare own proposal of a map. Achieving maximum readability was a priority. Other assumptions concerned graphic balance, classification and hierarchy of content, simplicity of elaboration, usage of readable typefaces and adjustment of transmission to the age of users.

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Podejście systemowe do tworzenia elektronicznych kartograficznych pomocy dydaktycznych dla szkół na Ukrainie

Ostrouch V., Drohuczewska I.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2015

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T. 47, nr 2

119--126

PL

W artykule omówiono prace nad przygotowaniem dydaktycznych pomocy kartograficznych w formie elektronicznej do nauczania geografii, prowadzone w Państwowym Przedsiębiorstwie Naukowo-Produkcyjnym „Kartografia” w Kijowie. Autorzy przedstawiają proces systemowej analizy metodycznej prowadzącej do opracowania całego kompletu pomocy elektronicznych wraz z odpowiednimi przewodnikami metodycznymi.

EN

Through the example of State Scientific and Production Enterprise «Kartographia» the practical steps on publishing of educational electronic cartographic production in Ukraine are analysed. The main functions of using such products in the process of teaching as a key element of innovation techniques implementation into school education are defined. The authors represent the features of application of system approach to creation of electronic cartographic aids. The requirements to the educational electronic cartographic aids are related to the specific aspects of production tasks and technological solutions. The most essential part of the process of creation of electronic aid is a methodic processing. The quality and efficiency of the aid are defined by it. Electronic aid general structure which includes a list of programme units, intermodular connections, terms and definitions for hyperlinks is a result of this processing. Specificity of production tasks causes additional demands to creation of electronic aids. In the article authors consider the requirements and methodic approaches to the content, font style and color composition of electronic aids. Authors also present the recommendations for editor’s work. Due to the use of system approach to the creation of electronic cartographic aids new models of planning or giving lessons can be used and modern instructional techniques can be implemented as a practical matter.

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Use of system approach in creation of educational electronic cartographic aids in Ukraine

Ostroukh V., Drohushevska I.

Polish Cartographical Review

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2015

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Vol. 47, No. 2

91--98

EN

Through the example of State Scientific and Production Enterprise «Kartographia» the practical steps on publishing of educational electronic cartographic production in Ukraine are analysed. The main functions of using such products in the process of teaching as a key element of innovation techniques implementation into school education are defined. The authors represent the features of application of system approach to creation of electronic cartographic aids. The requirements to the educational electronic cartographic aids are related to the specific aspects of production tasks and technological solutions. The most essential part of the process of creation of electronic aid is a methodic processing. The quality and efficiency of the aid are defined by it. Electronic aid general structure which includes a list of programme units, intermodular connections, terms and definitions for hyperlinks is a result of this processing. Specificity of production tasks causes additional demands to creation of electronic aids. In the article authors consider the requirements and methodic approaches to the content, font style and color composition of electronic aids. Authors also present the recommendations for editor’s work. Due to the use of system approach to the creation of electronic cartographic aids new models of planning or giving lessons can be used and modern instructional techniques can be implemented as a practical matter.

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Percepcja znaków na mapach gospodarczych w polskich atlasach szkolnych

Żyszkowska W.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

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2009

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T. 41, nr 1

17-27

PL

W artykule omówiono problem percepcji znaków na mapach gospodarczych w polskich atlasach szkolnych w aspekcie zdolności uczniów do rozumienia i zapamiętywania informacji oraz różnic między atlasami szkolnymi trzech polskich wydawnictw: Nowa Era, Wiking i Demart. W drugiej części artykułu wykorzystano wyniki eksperymentu przeprowadzonego w ramach pracy magisterskiej w Zakładzie Kartografii Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.

EN

The article discusses three issues concerning recognition and memorization of signs on economic maps in Polish school atlases: 1) linking symbols to the phenomena they represent, 2) form of signs (size, shape and color), 3) comparison of the analyzed atlases' functionality. To answer the above questions, an experiment was organized involving 218 elementary school pupils and students of Wrocław University 1st year of geography and 2nd year of cartographic specialization. The subject of research were economic maps prepared basing on maps from school atlases published by Demart, Nowa Era and Wiking publishing houses. Six fictional maps of mining and processing industry were edited in 1:7 500 000, each of them containing 7 signs from the analyzed atlases. Participants were presented with five tasks: 1) linking explanations to particular signs, 2) evaluation of the size of sign groups (too large, too small, correct size), 3) evaluation of association of signs with particular industry (yes, no, rather yes, rather no), remembering which sign shape was most common on maps of mining and processing industry and which colors were used for timber and clothing industries, 5) drawing of the best remembered sign for selected sectors of mining and processing industry. The experiment showed that the signs were well recognized, but it was much easier for participants to associate explanation with signs which showed chemical elements in circles. This supports the obsen/ations of P. Grohmann (1975) on the isomorphism of signs in map perception, as well as his suggestion that picture signs should be placed within closed figures. The results of drawing tasks also supports the views of J.C. Patton and TA. Slocum (1985) on the relative ease with which signs are recognized, but difficulty with which they are recreated. Most participants claimed that the signs on maps were of the right shape and circles, squares and sign colors were easily remembered. Not surprisingly, the number of correct answers grew with the level of education, and geometrie signs proved more difficult for younger participants. Comparison of the maps published by the three publishing houses showed that some sign groups were easier for participants, however it is difficult to announce a definite leader. This, in turn, proves that Polish school atlases are undoubtedly valuable teaching aids.