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Structure and metamorphism of the Dardania zone in the eastern part of Gjilan region (Kosovo)

Kutllovci Festim

Mining Science

2021

Vol. 28

93--102

The Dardanian zone represents the western part of the Rhodope crystalline basement. This zone was structured and metamorphosed during the Hercynian and post Hercynian tectonic stages. The important aspects have been identified in the structure and metamorphism from this part of western Rhodopes. The geological setting of study region has clarified the most important aspects regarding: structural geology, deformation, tectonics, and metamorphism. The studied region represents an important node in the geology of Kosovo and beyond. In this region there is the border of the Vardar unit and the Serbo-North Macedonian tectonic unit (Dardania Massif). The Serbo-North Macedonian Massif (eastern part of Kosovo) structurally represents the upper part of Dacia and the innermost whole, compared to the Carpathian-Balkanids described above. The Crystalline belt of metamorphic rocks belongs to high-grade metamorphism. The rocks of the Upper Complex represent a volcano-sedimentary sequence that is metamorphosed only under greenschist facies conditions. The Lower Complex consisting of gneiss, micaschists and to a lesser extent amphibolites, quartzites, marbles and migmatites. The main event of the Hercynian tectonic period that structured the rocks forming in the Dardania zone is associated with the regional deformation D2. Its intensity is depending on the type of rocks, but it is noted an increase of the intensity from west to east. The associated schistosity S2(penetrating schistosity)is an axial plane schistosity of the isoclinals folds S0, S1. The schistosity S2 is homogenous, with an average strike direction of 345° and dip direction of 45°. The intersection lineation (L2) and the fold axis (B2) are very homogenous with the dip azimuth toward N (350°) and dip angle of 10°. The deformation D3 is associated with the crenulations of schistosity S3. The schistosity S3 represents the axial plan of the kink fold and crenulation. The schistosity S3 is very heterogeneous and it is difficult to arrive at conclusions regarding the average direction of this planar structure also to judge the kinematic aspects of the movement. Likewise, the axis of the crenulations B3 and L3 lineation represent relative heterogeneous linear structures. The deformation D4 is associated with the fracture schistosity S4. The schistosity S4 often show the axial plan of the open parallel folds. The schistosity S4 is homogenous with the range East–West with symmetric drop (in the N and S), by proving that we are dealing with a phase of deformation with an extensional tectonic regime (with the direction N–S).