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3 Combustion Engines

3 2019

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Optical investigation of prechamber combustion in an RCEM

Kotzagianni Maria, Kyrtatos Panagiotis, Boulouchos Konstantinos

Combustion Engines

2019

R. 58, nr 1

10--15

In this study, detailed investigations of scavenged prechamber engine combustion are performed experimentally in a Rapid Compression Expansion Machine (RCEM), which allows optical access into the main chamber. OH* chemiluminescence measurements combined with pressure measurements are used to study the effect of varying ignition timing on combustion and cycle-to-cycle variations. The variation of ignition timing (pressure at ignition) showed an optimum ignition point for a given injection duration. Earlier ignition resulted in weaker but more reactive jets, coupled to increased cyclic variations. Later ignition did not significantly affect heat release rate, but increased cyclic variation.

Numerical study of fuel and turbulence distributions in an automotive-sized scavenged pre-chamber

Bolla Michele, Shapiro Evgeniy, Kotzagianni Maria, Kyrtatos Panagiotis, Tiney Nick, Boulouchos Konstantinos

Combustion Engines

2019

R. 58, nr 1

61--67

This article presents a numerical study of the fuel and turbulence distributions in a pre-chamber at spark-time. The study has been conducted in the framework of the H2020 Gas-On project, dealing with the development of a lean-burn concept for an automotive-sized gas engine equipped with a scavenged pre-chamber. The test case considered studies a 7-hole pre-chamber with circumferentially-tilted orifices mounted on the cylinder head of a rapid compression-expansion machine (RCEM), consistent with the experimental test rig installed at ETH Zurich. An accurate description of turbulence and fuel distributions are key quantities determining the early flame development within the pre-chamber. Both quantities have an influence on the overall combustion characteristics and therefore on the engine performance. For this purpose, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to complement experimental investigations in terms of data completeness. The performance of the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based turbulence model is compared with large-eddy simulation (LES) through ensemble averaging of multiple LES realizations, in which the fuel injection rate evolution into the pre-chamber has been perturbed. Overall, RANS results show that the distributions of the turbulent kinetic energy and fuel concentration at spark-time agree well with the LES ensemble-averaged counterparts. This constitutes a prerequisite in view of the combustion phase and the accuracy reported provides further confidence in this regard.

Lean-burn CNG engine with ignition chamber: from the idea to a running engine

Weißner Michael, Beger Frank, Schüttenhelm Martin, Tallu Gunesh

Combustion Engines

2019

R. 58, nr 1

3--9

Current and further developing CO2 and emission regulations worldwide and the competition to full electric mobility deliver a challenge for internal combustion engines in general. A state of the art solution is the use of natural gas mainly contending methane to reduce CO2 significantly and to offer lowest emission levels. The EU-funded project GasOn developed engine concepts to fully exploit the advantages of CNG. This article describes the development of an innovative, monovalent engine dedicated to Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and characterised by the lean burn concept and the innovative pre-chamber combustion.