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Zwiększanie skali procesu jednoślimakowego wytłaczania tworzyw polimerowych

Nastaj Andrzej

Polimery

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2021

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T. 66, nr 6

331--340

PL

Na podstawie badań symulacyjnych opracowano metodę zwiększania skali procesu jednoślimakowego wytłaczania tworzyw polimerowych, z zastosowaniem technik ewolucyjnych (algorytmów genetycznych). Do symulacji procesu wytłaczania stosowano program GSEM (Global Screw Extrusion Model), a do zwiększenia skali specjalnie w tym celu opracowany program GASES (Genetic Algorithms Screw Extrusion Scaling). Jako kryteria stosowano jednostkowe zużycie energii, szybkość uplastyczniania i szybkość wzrostu temperatury tworzywa. Uzyskano znaczący wzrost wydajności procesu wytłaczania.

EN

A method of scaling-up the single screw extrusion of polymeric materials has been developed based on the process simulation studies using the evolutionary techniques (genetic algorithms). The simulation tests were carried out using the GSEM extrusion simulation program, while the scaling-up was carried out on the basis of the GASES evolutionary scaling-up program specially developed for this purpose. Scaling-up has been performed according to the criteria of unit energy consumption, polymer melting rate and polymer temperature, obtaining a significant increase in extrusion throughput.

2

Proces wytłaczania jednoślimakowego z zastosowaniem dozownika − zwiększanie skali

Nastaj Andrzej

Polimery

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2021

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T. 66, nr 9

472--479

PL

Opracowano metodę zwiększania skali procesu wytłaczania jednoślimakowego z dozowaniem tworzywa przy użyciu dozownika. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie modelu komputerowego procesu przy zastosowaniu algorytmów genetycznych (technik ewolucyjnych). Podstawę metody stanowi program symulacji procesu wytłaczania GSEM (Global Screw Extrusion Model), który jest źródłem danych do optymalizacji, oraz specjalnie opracowany program zwiększania skali procesu GASES ST (Genetic Algorithm Screw Extrusion Scaling for Starve). Prace dotyczyły zmiany skali z poziomu wytłaczarki o średnicy ślimaka D=45 mm do poziomu wytłaczarki o D=60 mm, przy zachowaniu takiego samego stosunku L/D. Na podstawie symulacji zoptymalizowano szybkość obrotową ślimaka wytłaczarki, temperaturę poszczególnych stref układu uplastyczniającego i szybkość dozowania. Proces przeprowadzono wg kryterium minimalnego jednostkowego zużycia energii, maksymalnej szybkości uplastyczniania i najniższej temperatury tworzywa na wyjściu z głowicy.

EN

A method of scaling up the starve fed single screw extrusion of polymers has been developed. The research was carried out on the basis of a computer model of the process with the use of genetic algorithms (evolutionary techniques). The basis of the method is the GSEM (Global Screw Extrusion Model) extrusion simulation program, which is the source of data for optimization, and the specially developed GASES ST (Genetic Algorithm Screw Extrusion Scaling for Starve) program. The work involved changing the scale from the extruder with the screw diameter D=45 mm to the extruder with D=60 mm, while maintaining the same L/D ratio. Based on the simulation, the rotational screw speed, the temperature of individual zones of the plasticizing unit and the feeding rate were optimized. Scaling up was carried out according to the criteria of energy unit consumption, polymer melting rate and die temperature.

3

Application of numerical modelling to scaling-up of electrically induced extraction from an organic mixture using an ionic liquid

Kamiński K., Weatherley L.R., Petera J.

Chemical and Process Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 37, nr 1

133--148

EN

Liquid-liquid extraction provides an environmentally friendly process as an alternative to azeotropic distillation, pervaporation and reverse osmosis because these techniques require the use of large amounts of energy, may involve volatile organic compounds, and operation at high pressureIonic liquids (ILs) continue to gain wide recognition as potential environmentally friendly solvents due to their unique properties. However due to their current high cost, their use in industry is seriously limited without an efficient methodology for recovery and recycle. In this paper we describe an innovative methodology for a liquid-liquid extraction process based on an electrically induced emulsion of an ionic liquid as the extracting solvent dispersed in an organic mixture. This offers a most efficient exploitation of the solvent. On the other hand we present our own design of a pilot (semi-industrial) scale extractor based on this methodology and which demonstrates effective recovery of the ionic liquid. In order to achieve this goal we used a numerical modelling tool implemented using our own simulation software based on the finite element method. We also used our original previous experience with generating and investigating liquid-liquid electrosprays using phase Doppler anemometry. Finally we present recommendations for contactor geometry and for the preferred operating conditions for the extractor.

4

Fabrication and characterization of TiO2 nanotube arrays on Ti membrane enlarged by anodic oxidation

Kim J. O., Cho C. H., Choi W. Y.

Materials Science Poland

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2015

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Vol. 33, No. 3

588--592

EN

TiO2 nanotube arrays have attracted a great deal of attention as photocatalytic and photoelectrode materials due to their large surface area, low cost and easy fabrication. Highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays for the photoelectrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells have been fabricated from Ti foil. However, the TiO2 nanotube arrays from Ti foil were not effective for the photocatalytic materials, because it had only one plane for the photocatalytic reaction. We have fabricated the TiO2 nanotube arrays from macroporous Ti metal membrane by anodic oxidation and tried to scale it up. Various factors were controlled to obtain the optimal microstructure of the TiO2 nanotube arrays on the surface of macroporous Ti metallic membrane. Microstructure and phase were studied by SEM and XRD, respectively. Temperature was a very important factor in anodic oxidation of large surface area. 10 μm thick TiO2 nanotube arrays on Ti metallic membrane having a large surface area were fabricated and some factors for scaling-up were discussed.