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Middle Devonian acanthodians from Belarus - new data and interregional biostratigraphy

Plax Dmitry P., Newman Michael

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2021

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Vol. 71, no. 4

393--414

EN

The Lower Devonian (Emsian) and Middle Devonian of Belarus contain assemblages of biostratigraphically useful faunal and floral microremains. Surface deposits are few, with most material being derived from borehole cores. Acanthodian scales are particularly numerous and comparison with scales from other regions of the Old Red Sandstone continent (Laurussia), specifically the Orcadian Basin of Scotland, the Baltic Region, Spitsbergen, and Severnaya Zemlya have demonstrated a lot of synonymy of acanthodian species between these areas. This is especially the case between Belarus, the Orcadian Basin and the Baltic Region, which has allowed us to produce an interregional biostratigraphic scheme, as well as to postulate marine connection routes between these areas. The acanthodian biostratigraphy of Belarus is particularly important as it is associated with spores and marine invertebrates, so giving the potential of more detailed correlations across not only the Old Red Sandstone continent, but elsewhere in the Devonian world. We also demonstrate that differences in preservation (e.g., wear and how articulated a specimen is) is one of the main reasons for synonymy.

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Comparison of Hard Structures for Age Estimation and Chemical Composition Analysis of Otoliths of Perch from Lake Trzesiecko under Reclamation

Lampart-Kałużniacka M., Heese T.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2017

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Tom 19

809--823

EN

The study revealed that the ray of the dorsal fin D was the most readable structure for age estimation in perch from Lake Trzesiecko. Otoliths turned out to be more problematic structures. Age estimation based on otoliths was difficult, and the structures were very brittle, which made it impossible to prepare microscope slides. This was probably related to their crystal structure. Growth rate could only be calculated based on the scale. In the case of older specimens aged 5+ and more, however, it was difficult to identify the mark related to the first year of life due to the low readability of the middle part of the scale. This results in inflated results obtained for group L1. Studies on age of fish should be conducted based on several structures due to the possibility of verification of the obtained results. Performing the analysis of only one selected element results in high variability of the obtained data, and therefore inaccurate conclusions. The recorded presence of iron atoms in the otoliths suggests the accumulation of the metal resulting from the application of chemical compounds by man in living organisms.

PL

Prezentowany Porównanie przydatności struktur twardych do szacowania wieku i analiza składu chemicznego otolitów okonia Perca fluviatilis (L.) pochodzącego z rekultywowanego Jeziora Trzesiecko. Prowadzone badania wskazały, że najbardziej czytelną strukturą do szacowania wieku u okonia pochodzącego z Jeziora Trzeskiecko był promień płetwy grzbietowej D. Otolity okazały się strukturami bardziej problematycznymi. Trudno było na ich podstawie szacować wiek, jednocześnie były bardzo „kruche”, co uniemożliwiło wykonanie na ich podstawie preparatów mikroskopowych. Prawdopodobnie było to związane z ich budową krystaliczną. Tempo wzrostu można było obliczyć tylko na podstawie łuski. Stąd rozsądne wydaje się działanie w którym, szacowanie wieku i wyznaczanie tempa wzrostu prowadzi się w oparciu o kilka elementów. Opieranie badań tylko na jednej wybranym elemencie, skutkuje dużą zmiennością uzyskiwanych wyników. Świadczyć o tym może, chociażby brak zgodności danych, uzyskiwanych w czasie badań, prowadzonych przez różne osoby, które szacowały wiek dla ryb w oparciu o te same struktury twarde. Odnotowanie atomów żelaza w otolitach, może być efektem kumulacji tego metalu w organizmach żywych, a źródłem jego jest związek chemiczny, aplikowany do jeziora w celu poprawy jego stanu ekologicznego.

3

Correlation between δ13C and δ15N in flying fish (Exocoetus volitans) muscle and scales from the South China Sea

Wu L., Xu L., Sun J., Wang X., Wei Y., Li Y., Liu X.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 3

307--313

EN

We collected flying fish (Exocoetus volitans) from the South China Sea to determine whether fish scale isotope values correlate with those from muscle, and discuss relevant eco-environmental implications. A significant positive correlation was determined between fish scales and muscle δ13C and δ15N, rendering a fish scale an alternative to muscle tissue for stable isotope analysis. However, muscle and scale isotopic offsets should be fully considered when using δ13C and δ15N to analyze the actual trophic level of fish and their food source. The average offsets of δ13C and δ15N between muscles and scales are -2.1 ± 0.5‰ and 2.3 ± 0.6‰, respectively, though these values vary slightly with fish mass. Weak correlations were found between δ13C and δ15N, both in the flying fish muscle and scales, suggesting that other factors are influencing δ13C and δ15N. Fish δ15N also correlates with the size of individuals, while δ13C reflects the marine habitat. Based on our data, it appears that more eco-environmental processes can be revealed from modern or ancient flying fish scales.

4

Określenie wieku kozy (Cobitis taenia) i kozy złotawej (Sabanejewia aurata) z wykorzystaniem niektórych struktur twardych

Lampart-Kałużniacka M., Pietraszewski D., Marszał L., Heese T., Przybylski M.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 2

1041--1052

EN

Age is one of the most important life history variables of fish used to estimate growth rate, mortality rate and production. Age determining is usually carried out by analyzing any of several calcified structures, such as scales, otoliths (more frequently) or fin rays (rather seldom). Scales are easy to collect and this is the reason why this structure has been widely used, but for several reasons annuli may be ambiguous to discern on scales, especially in the loaches. The material was collected in May 2010 in the Pilica River. A total of 29 fish individuals, including 16 spined loach and 13 golden loach, were examined. The range of total length (TL) of the fishes in the sample studied was 43–102 mm in the former and 35 do 70 mm in the latter species, respectively. The precision of ageing using the cross-sections of dorsal, caudal, anal, pectoral and ventral fins rays were compared with age determination on the basis of otoliths. The analysis of the annuli of the investigated structures revealed that individuals aged 2 to 5 years (golden loach) and aged 3 to 7 years (spined loach) occurred in the material (Table 1 and 2, respectively). The obtained results indicate that in natural water bodies older individuals than formerly presumed may occur. Microscopic slides of the cross sections of otoliths and fins are most reliable for ageing such structures. The anal fin (A) it the most reliable structure for ageing, i.e. the age obtained from the fin is least divergent from the age obtained from the otolith. While planning the investigations of the age structure of populations it is necessary to establish the periods of sampling in a way that will be most congruent with the period of annuli formation.

5

Pelagic chondrichthyan microremains from the Upper Devonian of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran

Hairapetian V., Ginter M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2010

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Vol. 60, no. 3

357-371

EN

An assemblage of fifteen taxa of chondrichthyan microremains from late Frasnian through late Famennian pelagic deposits of the Kale Sardar section, eastern Iran, is described. Several taxa (Phoebodus bifurcatus, Phoebodus sophiae and Protacrodus vetustus) are reported for the first time from Iran. The presence of Deihim mansureae and Ph. sophiae in the Late rhenana to linguiformis Zones and Phoebodus rayi in the early triangularis Zone of the Kale Sardar section, provides new biostratigraphic information. The late Frasnian part of the assemblage corresponds to the faunas from the intrashelf basins of central europe, and the middle.late Famennian part is comparable to that from the tafilalt Platform of Morocco.

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Famennian chondrichthyan remains from the Chahriseh section, central Iran

Hairapetian V., Ginter M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2009

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Vol. 59, no. 2

173-200

EN

A diverse shallow water assemblage of chondrichthyan microremains is described from the Famennian of the Chahriseh section, central Iran. Twenty-two taxa are identified; of these two new taxa viz. Roongodus phijani gen. et sp. nov. (Hybodontoidea) and Arduodens flammeus gen. et sp. nov. (Ctenacanthiformes) have been erected. Two morphoecological subtypes of Ph. gothicus dentition, characteristic of deeper and shallower shelves, are proposed.

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Grawimetryczne dozowniki węgla

Cieślukowski J.

Nowa Energia

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2008

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nr 2

92--93

PL

Schenck Process od 127 lat jest producentem wag oraz innych urządzeń pomiarowych. Inżynierskie podejście do techniki ważenia oraz stałe wprowadzanie nowych rozwiązań umożliwiło firmie rozwój szerokiego asortymentu wag, wykorzystujących zawsze najnowsze osiągnięcia nauki i techniki. W ciągu ostatnich lat nasza spółka zwiększyła zakres oferowanych rozwiązań o wagi dozujące przeznaczone wyłącznie dla sektora energetycznego, a także o urządzenia do transportu materiałów sypkich. Poszerzenie gamy produktów jest ściśle związane z włączeniem do grupy Schenck Process firm Stock (producenta rozwiązań z dziedziny ważenia i sterowania elektrofiltrami dla sektora energetycznego) i Redler (producenta m.in. przenośników zgrzebłowych, kubełkowych).

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Early Frasnian sharks from central Iran

Hairapetian V., Ginter M., Yazdi M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2008

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Vol. 58, no. 2

173-179

EN

Two limestone bone-beds in the early Frasnian of the Chahriseh section, central Iran, yielded numerous chondrichthyan teeth and scales. The fauna includes, most probably, only two taxa: a hitherto unknown aztecodontid omalodontiform, Manberodus fortis gen. et sp. nov., and a multicuspid phoebodontiform, provisionally referred to as Phoebodus cf. latus GINTER & IVANOV, 1995.Anew omalodontiform family, Aztecodontidae, including Aztecodus LONG& YOUNG, 1995 and Manberodus gen. nov., is proposed.