Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Kompozyty cementowe z wypełniaczem organicznym ekologicznym materiałem budowlanym

Krupa Anna

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 5-6

106--109

PL

Energooszczędność budynków na przełomie lat stała się standardem współczesnego budownictwa. Związane jest to m.in. z zaostrzonymi wymaganiami dotyczącymi izolacyjności cieplnej przegród budowlanych. W artykule omówiono możliwość zastosowania wypełniaczy organicznych do produkcji ekologicznych pustaków na bazie kompozytów cementowych. Otrzymane wyniki badań właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych dają możliwość uzyskania materiału budowlanego o korzystnych parametrach. Zaproponowany pustak na bazie odpadów organicznych z wkładem styropianowym charakteryzuje się bardzo niskim współczynnikiem przenikania ciepła U < 0,15 W/m2·K.

EN

At the turn of the years, energy efficiency of buildings has become a standard of modern construction. This is related to e.g. with stricter requirements for thermal insulation of building partitions. The article discusses the possibility of using organic fillers for the production of ecological hollow bricks based on cement composites. The obtained results of tests of physical and mechanical properties make it possible to obtain a building material with favorable parameters. The proposed hollow brick based on organic waste with a polystyrene insert is characterized by a very low heat transfer coefficient U < 0.15 W/m2·K.

2

Comparative Study of Iron Removal from Groundwater Using Low Cost Adsorbents

Raheem Shahad A., Kadhim Entidhar Jawad, Abdulhasan Maryam Jawad

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 11

18--23

EN

Iron is one of the groundwater contaminants that negatively impact health and the environment. This study is attempted at introducing low cost natural adsorbent for that adsorbs iron from synthetically prepared iron water. Sawdust and barley husks were used as a filter media, either alone or at different mixing ratio of sawdust/barley husks (1:1, 0.5:1, 1:0.5), to study the effect of adsorbent dose on the removal efficiency. Synthetic water of iron was used at different initial concentrations (10, 25, 40, 65, and 80) mg/L to study the effect of initial iron concentration on the removal efficiency. The filtration process was conducted at a surface loading rate of 3 m3/m2.hr. The results showed higher removal efficiency with the increase of iron initial concentration. The results indicated that removal of iron ranged (90–99.34%) for all types of filter media. The best removal was found to be 99.34% at a mixing ratio of 0.5:1 (sawdust/barley husks) at 80 mg/L initial concentration. As a conclusion, Removal of iron was very successfully observed with absorbent materials sawdust and barley husk, which makes the treatment of iron even possible in rural areas and when high concentration of iron is present.

3

Application of sawdust concrete in construction

Kropidłowska Oliwia

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2022

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Vol. 21, no 3

5--18

EN

Sawdust concrete is a type of lightweight concrete in which some of the mineral aggregate is replaced by sawdust - a by-product of wood processing. It is not a new material, but its potential is not utilised to its full degree. Taking into account the most important advantages of sawdust concrete - lower density and greater thermal and acoustic insulation than ordinary concrete - it is worth to consider the possibilities of its usage in construction wider than currently . In order to present the properties of sawdust concrete, the review of contemporary technical literature has been performed. For the production of sawdust concretes mineralized sawdust from various types of trees, ordinary cements, mineral aggregates and water, are used. The usage of additives and admixtures is also allowed. The properties of the finished sawdust concrete are mainly influenced by the proportion of its components, especially the amount of fine aggregates replaced by sawdust. The construction products made of sawdust concrete are characterized by a low coefficient of thermal conductivity λ and soundproofing properties. In bending tests, a simply supported sawdust concrete beam behaves similar to a regular concrete beam, cracks first appear in the tension zone. Tensile strength, compressive strength and Young's modulus of sawdust concrete products depend on the proportion of components and the method of sawdust preparation before applying in the sawdust concrete-mix. Compared to ordinary concrete, the obtained values for sawdust concrete are lower, but partially fall within the ranges for the lower classes of ordinary concrete. There are several possible applications of sawdust concrete in construction. One of the perspectives is to use it to build walls in buildings that require soundproofing between rooms, or to replace wood with it when renovating old buildings. However, further tests of sawdust concrete are needed in terms of the most favourable composition for its mechanical properties, and to define the standards according to which sawdust concrete elements should be produced.

4

Badania obciążenia ogniowego przyjmowanego do obliczeń

Papis Bartłomiej, Kolbrecki Andrzej

Materiały Budowlane

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2021

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nr 7

12--13

PL

W artykule przedstawiono zasady badań w celu określenia zmniejszenia obciążenia ogniowego do obliczeń w przypadkach innych niż przewidzianych w PN-B-02852:2001. Badania wykazały, że w przypadku trocin i granulatu spalanie dotyczy tylko zewnętrznej warstwy stosów (pryzm) - do 10 cm głębokości (wzrost temperatury powyżej 220°C, czyli powyżej temperatury zapłonu). Spalanie płomieniowe na powierzchni jest mało intensywne. Natomiast w przypadku tytoniu nie następowało spalanie płomieniowe, a front podwyższonej temperatury przesuwał się w głąb próbki na skutek tlenia tytoniu. Zasięg tlenia, czyli temperatury 250° wynosił między 10 a 20 cm. Otrzymane wyniki uzasadniają zastosowanie współczynników zmniejszających przy obliczeniach gęstości obciążenia ogniowego w przypadku: masy drzewnej i tytoniu - 10% oraz granulatu - 20%.

EN

The purpose of the work is presenting principles of examinations for determining reducing the fire load density for coincidences other than expected in standard (in PN-B- 02852:2001). Examinations showed that in case of sawdust and pellets the burning was observed only an outer layer of stacks (of heaps) - up to 10 cm of the depth (rise of temperature above 220°C that means above the ignition point). Flaming burning on the surface was moderately intense. Examinations showed that in case of tobacco no flaming burning was observed however the front of the high temperature moved deep into samples as a result of smouldering of the tobacco plant. The temperature rise higher than 250°C was observed on levels between 10 and 20 cm. Received results gives reasons for reducing densities of the fire load density for calculations: 10% for wood and tobacco; 20% for pellets.

5

Sustainable soil stabilization using combination of geotextile, fly-ash and saw dust for pavement subgrade

Sahak A., Singh M., Adhikari A., Hussain S.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 109, nr 1

17--28

EN

Purpose: This paper investigates the combined effect of fly ash, sawdust and geotextile in stabilizing the soil. Design/methodology/approach: A thorough geotechnical testing was carried out in order to study the potent characteristics of soil and soil mixes. The present investigation was set up in two stages. In the first stage, effects of fly ash (5, 10, 15 and 20%), sawdust (2.5, 5 and 7.5%) and layers of geotextile placed at different depths were studied separately to determine their effect on soil stabilization. In the second stage, fly ash, sawdust and geotextile were mixed with soil sample in order to obtain the optimum dosage which can be used for stabilization of soil i.e. their combined effect as stabilizer on soil stabilization. Findings: It was observed that by introducing fly ash, sawdust and geotextile to the soil, the CBR values increase and thickness of pavement layer decreases. It also decreases the amount of stress on subgrade leading to enhancement of pavement stability with cost effectiveness. Research limitations/implications: Economical use of industrial waste has been proposed in the present research which otherwise prove to be a malady to climatic change and human health. From the study, an optimum dosage of fly ash (2.5%) and saw dust (5%) and depth for geotextile (6 cm) has been proposed. Originality/value: The article explores the possibility of a ternary blend, i.e., geotextile, fly-ash and saw dust on effectively stabilizing pavement subgrade. Limited literature was available to address the issue of utilizing the industrial wastes that otherwise pose disposal issues.

6

Viability analysis of pine sawdust drying in a fountain dryer

Rojcewicz Konrad, Oksiuta Zbigniew

Technical Sciences / University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

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2020

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nr 23(3)

263--280

EN

This article presents an analysis of the physico-chemical properties of pine sawdust originating from the area of the Knyszyńska Forest, in the context of the possibility of the sawdust drying in a fountain dryer. Several tests were carried out on dry pine sawdust with 45% moisture, including chemical composition, calorific value, ash content as well as morphological changes of wet and dried material. The water storage mechanism in chips and the mechanism of formation of a fountain bed were also discussed. Based on the obtained results, several technical solutions and modifications of the fountain dryer were proposed. These modifications enable sawdust of heterogeneous size and shape to be dried in a fountain dryer as well as additional functional properties.

7

Production of Coal-Like Solid Fuel from Albizia Chinensis Sawdust via Wet Torrefaction Process

Putra Herlian Eriska, Damanhuri Enri, Dewi Kania, Pasek Ari Darmawan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 6

183--190

EN

Albizia Chinensis is a plant easily found in Indonesia and other South East Asian countries. The sawdust from this plant is a lignocellulosic waste that can be potentially upgraded for the fuel purposes. This research investigated the potential of upgrading sawdust into a coal-like solid for fuel by a wet torrefaction process. In this project, a 1 L torrefaction reactor with an electric heater was employed to perform the carbonization of the Albizia chinensis sawdust. Wet torrefaction was performed in batch at temperatures of 190–230°C with holding times of 20°C, 30 and 60 min. The solid to water ratios of 1:3, 1:5 and 1:10 were used. The results showed that the chemical and physical properties of sawdust and hydrochar varied as a function of reaction temperature, holding time and solid load. The results also suggested that wet torrefaction could increase the fixed carbon in sawdust while the ash content and volatile matter decreased. The high heating value of hydrochar was 24.55 MJ/kg higher than raw sawdust, 18 MJ/kg. CO2 was predominantly detected in the gas phase, reaching the of >90% CO2. The liquid products were identified as sugar and organic acid compounds, which may be desirable feedstock for biochemical production.

8

Evaluation of the contact angle and wettability of hydrophobised lightweight concrete with sawdust

Szafraniec Małgorzata, Barnat-Hunek Danuta

Budownictwo i Architektura

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2020

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Vol. 19, no 2

19--32

EN

The aim of the research presented in the paper was to evaluate the feasibility of using hydrophobic preparations based on organosilicon compounds for protection treatment on the lightweight concrete modified with sawdust. The experimental part of the work concerns the physical and mechanical properties of lightweight concrete and the influence of two hydrophobic agents on the contact angle of the material. Lightweight concrete contact angle (θw) was determined as a time function using one measuring liquid. Water repellent coatings in lightweight concrete structure with the coarse aggregate sawdust (CASD) using electron microscopy were presented. The effectiveness of hydrophobisation of porous lightweight concretes was determined on the basis of the research. For the hydrophobic surface, the contact angle decreased and it depended on the used agents. The lowest contact angle of 40.2° (t=0) was obtained for reference concrete before hydrophobisation and 112.2° after hydrophobisation with a methyl-silicone resin based on organic solvent. The results of scientific research confirm the possibility to produce lightweight concretes modified with CASD with adequate surface protection against external moisture.

PL

Celem badań przedstawionych w pracy była ocena możliwości zastosowania preparatów hydrofobowych na bazie związków krzemoorganicznych do zabezpieczania betonu lekkiego modyfikowanego trocinami. Część doświadczalna pracy dotyczy właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych betonu lekkiego oraz wpływu dwóch preparatów hydrofobowych na kąt zwilżania materiału. Określono kąt zwilżania betonu lekkiego (θw) w funkcji czasu za pomocą jednej cieczy pomiarowej. Za pomocą mikroskopu elektronowego pokazano powłoki hydrofobowe w strukturze betonu lekkiego, w którym zastosowano trociny jako kruszywo grube (CASD). Na podstawie badań określono skuteczność hydrofobizacji porowatych betonów lekkich. Dla powierzchni hydrofobowej zmniejszył się kąt zwilżania i był on zależny od zastosowanych środków. Najniższy kąt zwilżania 40,2° (t=0) uzyskano dla betonu wzorcowego przed hydrofobizacją i 112,2° po hydrofobizacji żywicą metylo-silikonową na bazie rozpuszczalnika organicznego. Wyniki badań naukowych potwierdzają możliwość otrzymywania betonów lekkich modyfikowanych za pomocą CASD z odpowiednią ochroną powierzchni przed działaniem wilgoci z zewnątrz.

9

Employment of recycled wood waste in lightweight concrete production

Alharishawi Salam Salman Chiad, Abd Haitham Jameel, Abass Suha Rasheed

Archives of Civil Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 66, nr 4

675--688

EN

The by-products of wood sawdust and wood fiber are considered to be waste material. It is utilized in the construction of buildings in the form of sawdust concrete or wood fiber concrete. It is used to make lightweight concrete and possesses heat transfer of a long duration. In this study, wood concrete was made at eleven different mix proportions of cement to wood waste by weight, to produce a lightweight concrete aggregate that has the density 1508-2122 kg/m3. The experimental work consists of 330 concrete specimens as 99 cubes (150 * 150 * 150) mm, 165 cylinders (150 * 300) mm, 33 prisms (50 * 100 * 200) mm, and 33 prisms (100 * 100 * 500) mm. Mechanical and thermal properties such as stiffness, workability, compressive strength, static elasticity modulus, flexural forces, splitting tensile strength and density were examined in the specimens after 28 days of 20 oC curing. Also, compressive strength was investigated at 7 and 14 days of curing at 20 oC. The basic observation of the results shows the values with the limitations of ACI and ASTM. Moreover, it is the perfect way to reduce solid wood waste and produce lightweight concrete to be used in industrial construction. It was found that with the increase in the quantity of wood waste, the strength decreased; however, in terms of workability and concrete with a higher quantity of wood waste held very well. Lightweight concrete aggregate is around 25 percent lighter in dead load than standard concrete. Given all the physical and mechanical properties, the study finds that wood concrete can be used in the construction of buildings.

10

Influence of the filler on the density profile of wood polymer composites

Borysiuk Piotr, Auriga Radosław, Kośka Paweł

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

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2019

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No. 106

31--37

EN

Influence of the filler on the density profile of wood polymer composites. WPC panels with HDPE matrix composites made in two stages were tested: 1 - obtaining WPC granulate using the extrusion method, 2 - production of panels by flat pressing in the form. As a filler, sawdust was used with two degrees of fineness (about 10 - 35 mesh and below 35 mesh) and three levels of content (40, 50 and 60%). In total, 6 panel variants were created for which the density and density profile in the cross-section were determined. It was found that panels with a filler content of 40% are characterized by a uniform flat density profile. The increase in filler content (up to 50 - 60%) affects the density reduction in the core zone of the panel. The density and density profile of panels from WPC composites does not depend on the size of the filler particles.

PL

Wpływ napełniacza na profil gęstości kompozytów drzewno polimerowych. Przeprowadzono badania płyt z kompozytów WPC o matrycy HDPE wytworzonych dwuetapowo: 1 – pozyskanie granulatu WPC metodą extruzji, 2 – wytworzenie płyt metodą prasowania płaskiego w formie. Jako napełniacz zastosowano trociny o dwóch stopniach rozdrobnienia (ok. 10 – 35 mesh i poniżej 35 mesh) i 3 poziomach zawartości (40, 50 i 60%). Łącznie wytworzono 6 wariantów płyt dla których określono gęstość i profil gęstości na przekroju poprzecznym. Ustalono, że płyt o zawartości napełniacza na poziomie 40% charakteryzują się jednolitym płaskim profilem gęstości. Wzrost zawartości napełniacza (do 50 – 60%) wpływa na obniżenie gęstości w strefie środkowej płyty. Gęstość i profil gęstości płyt z kompozytów WPC nie zależy od wielkości cząstek napełniacza.

11

Using Sawdust to Treat Synthetic Municipal Wastewater and Its Consequent Transformation Into Biogas

Abudi Z. N.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 5

10--18

EN

Sawdust, as an agricultural waste which is highly efficient, readily available, and relatively inexpensive, has the potential to be an applicable alternative adsorbent for the total organic carbon (TOC) removal from synthetic domestic wastewater. This study aims firstly to investigate the feasibility of sawdust as a new adsorbent and understand its adsorption mechanism for TOC. The impact of particle size, pH, contact time, and temperature has been evaluated as the controlling factors on the adsorption process. The results presented that the removal efficiency rose with the decrease of particle size, pH, and temperature, as well as the increase of the contact time. The maximum adsorption was obtained at particle size of 0.05 mm, pH of 1, contact time of 1.5 h, and temperature of 15°C, respectively. The second aim of this study is to utilize the sawdust that is used in the adsorption process as biomass in batch anaerobic digestion (AD) to produce methane. Spent sawdust was characterized by the methane production which was 5.9 times greater than in the case of raw sawdust. Four operating parameters were checked, Carbon/Nitrogen ratio (C/N), inoculation, particle size, and total solid (TS) content. The batch results indicated that the optimum parameters were: 20%, 30%, 2 mm, and 15%, respectively.

12

Chemical Interactions to Cleanup Highly Polluted Automobile Service Station Wastewater by Bioadsorption-Coagulation-Flocculation

Banchon C., Castillo A., Posligua P.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 1

1--10

EN

The present study addresses an ecofriendly solution to treat automobile service stations effluents with high concentrations of oily substances, surfactants, organic matter and heavy metals. Bioadsorption using sawdust from pine trees, sugar cane bagasse and coconut coir without any chemical modification removed colloidal contamination up to 70%. Polyaluminium chloride, ferric chloride and polyacrylamide were applied to remove dissolved and colloidal pollutants under saline conditions without change of initial pH. Both bioadsorption and coagulation-flocculation removed up to 97.8% of BOD, COD, surfactants and heavy metals at a saline concentration of 1.5% NaCl. The increase of ionic strength promoted a high sludge index and a representative cost saving in chemicals consumption of almost 70%. High levels of pollution removal with the minimal use of chemicals is herein presented.

13

Zastosowanie niekonwencjonalnych sorbentów do usuwania Basic Violet 10 z roztworów wodnych

Jóźwiak T., Filipkowska U., Szymczyk P., Mielcarek A.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

|

2016

|

Nr 47

95--103

PL

W pracy przedstawione zostały wyniki badań efektywności sorpcji popularnego w przemyśle barwnika kationowego Basic Violet 10 (BV10) z wykorzystaniem na sześciu różnych niekonwencjonalnych sorbentów: chityny, trocin, kompostu, kiszonki kukurydzianej, zeolitu i popiołów lotnych. Dla każdego testowanego sorbentu ustalone zostało optymalne pH sorpcji a także wyznaczona została maksymalna pojemność sorpcyjna względem Basic Violet 10. Do opisu danych eksperymentalnych zastosowano trzy popularne modele sorpcji: Langmuir’a, Langmuir’a 2 oraz Freundlicha. Spośród testowanych sorbentów organicznych, najwyższą pojemność względem Basic Violet 10 wykazały trociny (Qmax= 156,5 mg/g) i kiszonka kukurydziana (Qmax= 180,8 mg/g). W przypadku sorbentów mineralnych, takich jak zeolit czy popioły lotne, maksymalna zdolność sorpcyjna Basic Violet 10 wynosiła odpowiednio Qmax= 144,1 mg/g i 170,1 mg/g.

EN

In this study the effectiveness of sorption Basic Violet 10 were examined (the popular in the industry cationic dye), on 6 different non-conventional sorbents: chitin, sawdust, compost, silage corn, zeolite and fly ash. For each test sorbent was determined optimum pH of sorption. Was also a designated the maximum sorption capacity with respect to the Basic Violet 10. The results obtained were analyzed with the use of three sorption isotherms: Freundlich, Langmuir and double Langmuir. Among the organic sorbents tested, the highest capacity relative to Basic Violet 10 shown sawdust (Qmax = 156.5 mg/g) and corn silage (Qmax = 180.8 mg/g). In the case of mineral sorbents such as zeolite or fly ash, the maximum absorptive capacity Basic Violet 10 was respectively Qmax = 144.1 mg/g and 170.1 mg/g.

14

Kompozyty cementowe z wypełniaczem organicznym modyfikowane domieszkami

Bołtryk M., Krupa A.

Materiały Budowlane

|

2015

|

nr 12

46--48

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań właściwości lekkich kompozytów cementowych z wypełniaczem organicznym typu trzcina pospolita (frakcja 2/10 i 10/20 mm) oraz trociny z drzew iglastych (0/2 mm). Trzcina Phragmites australis jest szczególnie powszechną rośliną w Polsce, która rośnie na terenach podmokłych, natomiast trociny są produktem odpadowym występującym podczas obróbki mechanicznej drewna. Określono właściwości kompozytu cementowego z wymienionymi wypełniaczami organicznymi, takie jak gęstość pozorna, nasiąkliwość i wytrzymałość na ściskanie. Z badań wynika, że istnieje możliwość wykorzystania odpadowych surowców roślinnych do produkcji betonów jako zamiennika kruszyw mineralnych. Wykazano również słuszność wprowadzenia zmiennej ilości domieszek upłynniającej i uszczelniającej, dzięki czemu można uzyskać materiał o dobrych właściwościach fizykomechanicznych.

EN

The results concerning the determination of properties of lightweight cement composites with organic fillers, such as common reed (fraction 2/10 and 10/20 mm) and conifer sawdust (fraction 0/2 mm) are presented in this paper. The reed Phragmites australis is a notably common plant in Poland that grows on waterlogged lands, and sawdust is a waste product that appears during the mechanical processing of wood. The properties of lightweight cement composites with organic fillers, such as the apparent density, the water absorbability, the compressive strength. The research suggests that there is a possibility of using waste materials and plant materials for the production of concrete as a replacement for mineral aggregates. It has been demonstrated that the introduction variable amounts of admixtures is justified and you can get material with good physical and mechanical properties.

15

Quality parameters of agglomerate produced using biofuel as a substitute forcoke breeze

Butkovska M., Hudak J., Lesko J.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2014

|

Vol. 81, nr 11

737--739

EN

This paper deals with assessing the impact of oak sawdust fuel substitution on the quality of agglomerate. Agglomerate quality is determined by its chemical composition, and further by its physical and metallurgical properties. An important physical property of agglomerate is porosity. When replacing sintering fuel by biofuel an important parameter is the amount of volatile substances that influence the process of pore formation in agglomerate. It was confirmed that the substitution by oak sawdust in the agglomeration fuel is only possible to a certain percentage.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono ocenę wpływu zastępowania paliw trocinami dębowymi na jakość aglomeratu. Jakość aglomeratu określana jest składem chemicznym, a ponadto właściwościami fizycznymi i metalurgicznymi. Ważną właściwością fizyczną aglomeratu jest porowatość. Przy zastępowaniu paliwa biopaliwem podczas procesu spiekania istotne znaczenie mają substancje lotne, które wpływają na proces tworzenia się porów w aglomeracie. Stwierdzono, że wykorzystanie trocin dębowych jako paliwa w procesie aglomeracji jest możliwe jedynie do pewnej zawartości.

16

Zastosowanie kiszonki z kukurydzy Zea Mays L. do usuwania barwników z roztworów wodnych

Filipkowska U., Jóźwiak T., Rodziewicz J., Kuciejewska J.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2013

|

Tom 15, cz. 3

2324--2338

EN

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of synthetic dyes removal from aqueous solutions with the use of silage from common maize Zea mays L. as a biosorbent. Two dyes were used as adsorbates: cationic Basic Violet 10 (BV10) and anionic Reactive Black 5 (RB5). The silage from common maize Zea mays L. originated from the Department of Agrotechnology and Plant Production Management, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Before experiments, the silage was dried at a temp. of 60°C for 12 h and then sieved through a sieve with mesh diameter of 0.25 mm. The scope of analyses included determinations of: the effect of biosorbent dose on the course of adsorption process, optimal time of dyes adsorption, and correlation between type of dye and effectiveness of the adsorption process. The effectiveness of RB5 and BV10 adsorption from aqueous solutions onto silage was analyzed based on a correlation between the quantity of adsorbed dye Q (mg/g d.m.), and its equilibrium concentration C (mg/dm3). Results obtained were analyzed with the use of four sorption isotherms: Freundlich, Langmuir, double Langmuir, and Redlich-Peterson. Poorer fit of experimental results to the model was achieved only in the case of Freundlich isotherm. The remaining three models were very well describing the results. Owing to the presence of negative functional groups like e.g. –COOH and –OH in silage, it has a negative charge in aqueous solutions. This has a beneficial impact on the effectiveness of sorption of positively-charged cationic dyes. In turn, electrostatic repulsion of a negatively-charged surface of a biosorbent and anionic dyes exerts a negative effect on sorption effectiveness. The maximum sorption capacity of silage determined for the cationic dye BV10 was ca. 180 mg/g d.m. and was significantly higher than the sorption capacity assayed for the anionic dye RB5 - ca. 80 mg/g d.m. In comparing the achieved results for the sorption of the analyzed dyes RB5 and BV10 onto maize silage with the effectiveness of dyes sorption on other biosorbents, it may be concluded that the waste maize silage displays very good sorption properties and may be successively applied for dye removal.

17

Improvement of the solubility of rock phosphate by co-composting it with organic components

Korzeniowska J., Stanisławska-Glubiak E., Hoffmann J., Górecka H., Jóźwiak W., Wiśniewska G.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2013

|

Vol. 15, nr 4

10-14

EN

One possible way to improve the solubility of phosphate rock is by co-composting it with organic substances. Four variants of composts were made in a biomass composting bioreactor. Ground phosphate rock (GPR) and shredded barley straw, pine sawdust as well as beet pulp pellets were used as compost components. The four composts were different from one another in the type and amount of organic components. The composts were granulated in a pelleting press. Changes in the solubility of phosphorus were assessed via chemical analyses and P-recovery efficiency calculated from the data achieved in a pot experiment. Solubility of ground phosphate rock was increased resulting from co-composting with organic substances, which meant that bioavailability of phosphorus increased. All the tested composts were characterized by a higher ratio of ammonium citrate soluble phosphorus to total phosphorus than non-composted GPR. Co-composting GPR with all the tested organic components yielded better effects than composting it with straw alone. The four composts were characterized by a slow release of P, which justifies our expectation that they will produce residual effects in the years following their application.

18

The impact of fresh sawdust and dry pig manure produced on sawdust bedding application on the nutrients mobility in soil and sugar beet yield

Kováčik P, Kmeťová M, Renčo M

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 14, nr 3

69--76

EN

The objective of the pot trial carried out at the area of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra was to determine the impact of dry pig manure produced on the sawdust bedding and sawdust litter on the level of nutrients’ mobility in the soil and sugar beet yield. The achieved results showed that one month after the sawdust and manure application to the soil, the contents of mobile nutrients (Nan, P, K, Ca, Mg) in soil were lower than in the control unfertilized treatment. The sawdust litter immobilized nutrients more considerably than manure. Four months after the manure application into soil, its immobilization effect was not evident. On the contrary, the manure increased the mobile nutrients content in soil. In the second year of experiment the immobilization effect of sawdust litter was proved even four months after its application into soil. The application of manure increased considerably the beet root yield. The maximum root yield was determined in the treatment where the highest dose of manure was applied. The minimum root yield was detected in the treatment where the highest dose of sawdust litter was applied.

19

Chemical and Biological Properties of Composts Produced from Municipal Sewage Sludge with Sawdust Supplement

Wieczorek J.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2012

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Vol. 19, nr 8

897-904

EN

The paper presents results of investigations on composting municipal sewage sludge with an admixture of sawdust. The composting was conducted in the area of sewage treatment plant for 23 weeks by means of prism method. The prisms were formed and aerated using a loader and farmyard manure spreader. Four prisms were prepared, each composed of mixtures with various volumetric proportion of components. The control object was made up entirely of sewage sludge, whereas the other prisms were formed of the sewage sludge with a 10 %, 30 % and 50 % proportion of sawdust. In order to assess the quality of obtained composts their basic chemical parameters were determined and seed germination tests were conducted. On the basis of conducted investigations it was established among others, that with growing sawdust share in the compost mass, in relation to the sewage sludge, organic C content was increasing visibly (217.0 g kg–1 d.m. in the compost produced of sewage sludge and 250.1 g kg–1 d.m. in the compost with a 50 % sawdust share), whereas the quantity of basic nutrients was decreasing in the final product. All produced composts revealed low heavy metal contents, concerning this type of material. Determined contents of Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni and Pb were visibly lower than permissible in organic and organic-mineral fertilizers. Composts with the highest share of sawdust proved the best substratum for the test plant germination. Out of the test seeds sown on it, 90 % germinated, whereas only 60 % germinated when the substratum was formed solely of sewage sludge.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące kompostowania komunalnych osadów ściekowych z dodatkiem trocin. Kompostowanie prowadzono na terenie oczyszczalni ścieków, metodą pryzmową przez 23 tygodnie. Do formowania oraz napowietrzania pryzm użyto ładowarkę i rozrzutnik obornika. Przygotowano 4 pryzmy, a każda z nich składała się z mieszanin o różnym udziale objętościowym komponentów. Obiekt kontrolny składał się wyłącznie z osadu ściekowego, natomiast pozostałe pryzmy formowano z osadu ściekowego z 10 %, 30 % oraz 50 % udziałem trocin. W celu oceny jakości otrzymanych kompostów badano ich podstawowe parametry chemiczne oraz przeprowadzono testy kiełkowania nasion. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono m.in., że wraz ze wzrostem udziału trocin w masie kompostowej, w stosunku do osadów ściekowych, wyraźnie zwiększała się zawartość węgla organicznego, natomiast zmniejszała się ilość podstawowych składników pokarmowych w produkcie końcowym. Wszystkie wytworzone komposty charakteryzowały się niską, jak na tego typu materiał, zawartością metali ciężkich. Komposty z największym udziałem trocin okazały się najlepszym podłożem do kiełkowania roślin testowych.

20

Wpływ dodatków mineralnych i organicznych do osadów ściekowych oraz kompostowania uzyskanych mieszanin na ich wybrane właściwości

Wysokiński A., Kalembasa S.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2011

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Nr 27

240-249

PL

Badano wpływ mieszania osadów ściekowych z tlenkiem wapnia, popiołem z węgla brunatnego, słomą i trocinami oraz kompostowania otrzymanych mieszanin na zawartość w nich suchej masy, ogólnej zawartości azotu, węgla w związkach organicznych oraz na wartość pH. Zawartość suchej masy w mieszaninach osadów ściekowych ze wszystkimi komponentami była większa niż w samych osadach. Dodatek tlenku wapnia w większym stopniu niż dodatek popiołu z węgla brunatnego alkalizował osady ściekowe, powodując jednocześnie większe straty azotu. Dodatek słomy i trocin zmniejszył w uzyskanej mieszaninie zawartość azotu, ale nie powodował zmian odczynu osadów. Po dodaniu tlenku wapnia i popiołu do osadów uzyskano mieszaniny o mniejszej zawartości węgla w związkach organicznych niż w samych osadach. Mieszaniny osadów z trocinami i słomą zawierały więcej węgla w związkach organicznych niż same osady. Zmniejszenie zawartości węgla w związkach organicznych i ogólnej zawartości azotu w trakcie kompostowania mieszanin osadów z tlenkiem wapnia i trocinami było mniejsze niż w osadach z dodatkiem popiołu i trocin.

EN

The study examined the effects of mixing sewage sludge with calcium oxide, brown coal ash, straw and sawdust as well as composting the obtained mixtures on the dry matter, organic carbon and total nitrogen contents as well as the pH values of these materials. The content of dry matter in the mixtures of sewage sludge with all components was higher than in sludge without additives. The addition of calcium oxide resulted a stronger alkalization of sludge than addition of brown coal ash, causing simultaneously larger losses of nitrogen. The addition of straw and sawdust to the sewage sludge decreased nitrogen content in obtained mixtures, but did not effect the pH value. After addition calcium oxide and brown coal ash to sewage sludge obtained mixtures with smaller content of organic carbon in comparison to the sludge without addition. The mixtures of sewage sludge with straw and sawdust contained more organic carbon than sludge without addition. The decrease of organic carbon and total nitrogen content during the composting process of mixtures of sewage sludge with calcium oxide and sawdust was lower than in their mixtures with brown coal ash and straw.