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First Upper Cretaceous dinosaur track assemblage from Jordan (Middle East) : preliminary results

Klein Hendrik, Gierliński Gerard, Lallensack Jerns N., Abu Hamad Abdalla, Al-Mashakbeh Habes, Alhejoj Ikhlas, Konopka Marcin, Błoński Marcin

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2020

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Vol. 90, No. 3

331--342

EN

Dinosaur tracks from Jordan (Middle East) have only been briefly reported in geological overview papers and books. We present here the first description and documentation of Jordanian dinosaur tracks based on a new tracksite from the south-central part of the country. The track-bearing strata belong to marginal marine (tidal flat) deposits of the Na’ur Formation (Upper Cretaceous, Cenomanian). This unit largely consists of well-bedded limestones, dolomites and marls that contain abundant marine invertebrate fossils such as bivalves, ammonites and foraminifers. The dinosaur ichnofauna occurs on four different levels and comprises abundant theropod tracks and trackways as well as isolated sauropod and ornithopod tracks. Theropod trackways consist of two different morphotypes. Morphotype 1 is tridactyl (26 cm pes length) and with a broad, but short metatarsal area and resembles the ichnogenus Picunichnus from the Lower Cretaceous (Albian) of Argentina. Morphotype 2 (36 cm pes length) has extensive and narrow metatarsal impressions continuously occurring along regularly-spaced trackways. This suggests either a plantigrade movement of the trackmaker or reflects preservational factors. By their over-all-shape with thin digits, Morphotype 2 resembles described penetrative tracks suggesting a strong influence of the substrate. Sauropod tracks are relatively small (40 cm pes length) and show low heteropody with a kid-ney-shaped manus imprint, pointing to a Sauropodichnus-like form. The single ornithopod pes track (18 cm in length) is similar to material described as Ornithopodichnus from the Lower Cretaceous of Korea. Due to the incomplete material of sauropod and ornithopod prints, no concrete assignment is given to this material and further study is needed. The presence of dinosaur tracks proves a temporary subaerial exposure of the surface whereas the main part of the Na’ur Formation is dominated by subaqueous activity of marine faunas.

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The fragile legacy of Amphicoelias fragillimus (Dinosauria: Sauropoda; Morrison Formation – latest Jurassic)

Woodruff D., Foster J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 2

211--220

EN

In the summer of 1878, American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope published the discovery of a sauropod dinosaur that he named Amphicoelias fragillimus. What distinguishes A. fragillimus in the annals of paleontology is the immense magnitude of the skeletal material. The single incomplete dorsal vertebra as reported by Cope was a meter and a half in height, which when fully reconstructed, would make A. fragillimus the largest vertebrate ever. After this initial description Cope never mentioned A. fragillimus in any of his scientific works for the remainder of his life. More than four decades after its description, a scientific survey at the American Museum of Natural History dedicated to the sauropods collected by Cope failed to locate the remains or whereabouts of A. fragillimus. For nearly a century the remains have yet to resurface. The enormous size of the specimen has generally been accepted despite being well beyond the size of even the largest sauropods known from verifiable fossil material (e.g. Argentinosaurus). By deciphering the ontogenetic change of Diplodocoidea vertebrae, the science of gigantism, and Cope’s own mannerisms, we conclude that the reported size of A. fragillimus is most likely an extreme over-estimation.

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Haplocanthosaurus (Saurischia: Sauropoda) from the lower Morrison Formation (Upper Jurassic) near Snowmass, Colorado

Foster J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 2

197--210

EN

A small sauropod dinosaur collected from the Rocky Mountains of central Colorado (north of the Elk Range, Pitkin County) is assigned to the rare genus Haplocanthosaurus. The specimen, MWC 8028, consists of four dorsal centra, five partial ribs, the sacrum, five caudal vertebrae, three chevrons, five partial neural spines and many fragments and is from the lower third of the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation. The dorsal vertebrae are procamerate, and on the sacral vertebrae the neural arch peduncles are vertically elongate and the neural spines are strongly reclined. The only sauropod from the Morrison Formation that shares these characters is Haplocanthosaurus and based on those characters MWC 8028 is referred to Haplocanthosaurus. This is at most the tenth specimen and the seventh locality for this sauropod, all within the Morrison Formation.

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Re-examination of manus-only and manus-dominated sauropod trackways from Morocco

Ishigaki S., Matsumoto Y.

Geological Quarterly

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2009

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Vol. 53, No 4

441-448

EN

Manus-only and manus-dominated trackways of sauropods previously reported from the Iouaridene Basin of Morocco are relocated and re-examined. One trackway, interpreted as a manus-only trackway, was a misinterpretation of a poorly preserved trackway of a large theropod that walked in the opposite direction to that previously inferred. Two previously described manus-dominated trackways could be underprints. One previously described manus-only trackway and a newly discovered manus-only trackway could also be underprints. However, if the true im printing surface is not identified, an "underprint origin" cannot be accepted as firm evidence that the were imprinted on land, and a swimming or submerged sauropod might have left similar underprints under the contact layer. Kinematic investigations might help to reconstruct the origin of the trackway. The two manus-only trackways from the Iouaridene tracksite apparently show alternating pace lengths which suggests semi-galloping to galloping gait patterns by the trackmakers. Such a galloping gait pattern has never been reported from regular sauropod trackways, and it is unclear as to whether such a trackway pattern repre sents rapid locomotion. A partly submerged sauropod could perhaps register such galloping gait manus-only trackway patterns as a result of swimming behavior.

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New sauropod tracks from the Lower Jurassic of Poland

Gierliński G., Sawicki G.

Kwartalnik Geologiczny

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1998

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Vol. 42, nr 4

477-480

PL

W listopadzie 1998 r. autorzy wraz z ekipą Telewizji Edukacyjnej Telewizji Polskiej S.A. odkryli drugie w Polsce stanowisko ze śladami zauropodów. Trop złożony z czterech odcisków kończyn tylnych i przednich znajdował się na stropie ławicy piaskowcowej wchodzącej w skład dolnej części osadów formacji zagajskiej odsłoniętych w Sołtykowie (północne obrzeżenie Gór Świętokrzyskich). Osady te stanowią utwory równi zalewowej dolnego hettangu świętokrzyskiego. Podobnie jak pierwsze odkryte w Polsce ślady zauropodów z hettangu Gromadzic, również omawiany okaz jest tropem wąskim. Typ taki określany jest ichnorodzajem Parabrontopodus Lockley, Farlow, Meyer, 1994. W obliczu kolejnego europejskiego stanowiska z tropami wczesnojurajskich zauropodów, po Gromadzicach i północnych Włoszech, zastanawia zupełny brak śladów w klasycznych troponośnych zespołach liasu północnoamerykańskiego. W liasie świętokrzyskim nie odnotowano natomiast prozauropodów, których tropy obecne są w dolnej jurze Ameryki Północnej.

EN

The second fing of sauropod tracks from the Early Jurassic strata of Poland is reported. Sauropod trackway referred to the ichnogenus Parabrontopodus Lockley, Farlow, Meyer, 1994 has been discoverd in the early Hettangian of Sołtyków, on northern slope of the Holy Cross Mountains.