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EN
This paper presents ideas for creating and developing Interactive Navigational Structures (IANS) by using satellite systems. The author of the present paper introduced the concept of IANS into the literature in 2004 (Czaplewski, 2004). The paper presents the possibility of adapting the contemporary methods of robust estimation that are used in geodesy for the purpose of performing selected marine navigation tasks. IANS utilise modern M-estimation methods. Interactive structures can assist human beings in carrying out special tasks at sea, for example, in identifying objects at sea and on land without the need to approach them. Moreover, these structures can also be used in the process of navigation carried out by underwater vehicles or unmanned watercraft. This paper presents the mathematical methods that are essential for creating IANS. The theoretical assumptions are illustrated with an example of how IANS can be used while performing a typical navigation task. The paper closes with information about research studies which deal with the practical aspects of using this set of mathematical methods.
EN
Since June 2nd, 2008 the ASG-EUPOS (Aktywna Sieć Geodezyjna - Active Geodetic Network) augmenting system for precise satellite positioning in Poland has been running at full operability. We now approach the moment when a certain resumé can be obtained and therefore future development plans can be stated. This paper gives the reader an overview of the ASG-EUPOS system in general, describes its structure and functioning services. Also, testing and quality control procedures and some usage statistics are presented. Additionally, current status of integrating of the ASG-EUPOS system with existing control geodetic network in one optimal reference frame, so called calibration campaign, has been presented.
EN
EUPOS (European Position Determination System) is a new European initiative of establishment of the multifunctional reference station system in Central and Eastern European countries. The Project EUPOS was initiated in 2002 by the Berlin Senate Department for Urban Development and European Academy of the Urban Development Berlin. The project consisted previously in establishment of multifunctional satellite reference stations in Central and Eastern Europe, but lately also some Asian countries request to join the EUPOS Project and to be admitted to EUPOS ISC as EUPOS members. Number of member countries is steadily increasing. In 2008 Moldova was intended to participate in the project and at the last conference in Tallinn in April 2009 at the EUPOS International Steering Committee Kazakhstan was admitted as the EUPOS country. So, EUPOS network will contain more than 1000 stations in the area of 19 European and Eurasian countries. Currently 19 following countries are the members of the EUPOS Project: Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Moldova Montenegro, Poland, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia and Ukraine. The number of planned stations in particular countries are given in attached table. One common project standard set is observed by all countries, however the project will include the existing or developed infrastructure in participating countries. Experiences of all participating countries in establishing and operating satellite systems will also be used. The system will be compatible with the German network SAPOS and in future will use as main signal the signal of the European system Galileo. The network of reference stations will provide services for both positioning of the geodetic control points and for navigation. Several levels of services of positioning accuracy will be offered.
EN
ASG-EUPOS is Polish GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Ground Based Augmentation System. The name stands for Active Geodetic Network European Position Determination System. It is multifunctional system of precise positioning consisting of more than 100 GNSS reference stations, which constitutes densification of global IGS (International GNSS Service) and regional EPN (European Permanent Network) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) networks. Data collected on those stations are reference for many surveys (real time or postprocessing corrections - differential technology). ASGEUPOS will fulfill a role of main national geodetic frame and will enable conservation of ETRF (European Terrestrial Reference Frame) in Poland. That is one of the reasons why the system activity has to be monitored and controlled.
PL
Na podstawie przeglądu literaturowego, zwłaszcza zawartego w przedmiotowych czasopismach zagranicznych, przedstawiono zasady działania czujników wdajności, rejestrujących chwilowe wartości przepływającego strumienia ziarna lub okopowch w kombajnach rolniczych oraz taśmociągach linii technologicznych. W dalszej części omówiono nowo zaprojektowane prototypowe konstrukcje takich czujników, przeznaczone dla krajowych kombajnów zbożowych. Są one przystosowane do współpracy z satelitarnym systemem pozycjonowania GPS. Niektóre wybrane z zaproponowanych konstrukcji, zostały już przetestowane na specjalnym laboratoryjnym stanowisku badawczym PIMR.
EN
On the basis of literature survey, especially of the foreign scientific and technical journals, presented are in the article principles of operating of the sensors which record instantanous value of the flowing grain or root crops, flux in the agricultural combines as well as in the agricultural processing lines. Discussed are also new designed sensors of this type and their already built prototypes for the domestic combine-harvesters. All these sensors have been adapted to mate with the satellite global positioning system (GPS) and some of them have been tested on the special laboratory test stand in PIMR.
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