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1
Wkład systemu satelitarnego Galileo w rozwój geodezji
Mikoś Marcin, Nowak Adrian, Lackowski Maciej, Sośnica Krzysztof
Przegląd Geodezyjny
|
2022
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R. 94, nr 3
21--24
PL
Wiele osób uważa, że system satelitarny Galileo będzie stanowił dodatek do istniejących systemów nawigacyjnych, takich jak amerykański GPS, czy rosyjski GLONASS. Galileo to jednak coś więcej – nie tylko z tego względu, że jest w pełni niezależny od wojska oraz budowany przez Unię Europejską i Europejską Agencję Kosmiczną, ale również dlatego, że posiada szereg nowych rozwiązań technologicznych skutkujących znaczną poprawą jakości pozycjonowania w pomiarach geodezyjnych i badaniach naukowych. Otwartość informacji dotyczących kalibracji anten nadawczych, mocy sygnału, jak i szczegółów konstrukcyjnych cywilnych satelitów Galileo, nie pozostają bez wpływu na jakość produktów pozycjonowania. Niniejszy artykuł podsumowuje najważniejsze osiągnięcia technologiczne systemu Galileo i ich znaczenie w realizacji układów odniesienia, pozycjonowaniu w czasie rzeczywistym, jak i badaniach naukowych parametrów kształtu i obrotu Ziemi oraz w kontekście różnic względem systemów GPS i GLONASS.
EN
Many people believe that the Galileo satellite system will be an addition to existing navigation systems, such as the American GPS and Russian GLONASS. However, Galileo is something more – not only because it is fully military-independent and is built by the European Union and the European Space Agency, but also because it has a number of new technological solutions resulting in a significant improvement in the quality of positioning, geodetic and surveying measurements, and scientific applications. The openness of information regarding the calibration of broadcast antennas, signal strength, as well as construction details of civil Galileo satellites, has an impact on the quality of positioning products. This article summarizes the most important technological achievements of the Galileo system and their importance in the implementation of reference systems, real-time positioning, as well as scientific studies of the shape and rotation of the Earth in the context of differences in relation to GPS and GLONASS systems.
2
Content available remote Nowe systemy i dodatkowe stacje
Kowalewski Patryk, Piętka Dominik, Somla Jarosław, Wajda Szymon
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
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2019
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nr 3
12--16
3
Content available remote Czy to już możliwe?
Wielgocka Natalia, Hadaś Tomasz
Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny
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2019
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nr 4
8--12
4
Wiarygodność pozycjonowania satelitarnego w transporcie lotniczym
Grunwald G., Bakuła M., Ciećko A., Kaźmierczak R., Grzegorzewski M., Ćwiklak J.
Logistyka
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2014
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nr 3
2231--2238
PL
Wiarygodność pozycjonowania satelitarnego ma kluczowe znaczenie w transporcie lotniczym wspomaganym systemami GNSS. Artykuł ten prezentuje wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na terenie lotniska aeroklubowego Wyższej Szkoły Oficerskiej Sił Powietrznych w Dęblinie. Przeanalizowano działanie systemu EGNOS na podstawie 2 lotów testowych. Obliczenia wykonano w dwóch wariantach: pierwszy bazuje na standardowym modelu pozycjonowania GPS/EGNOS, drugi natomiast aplikuje do algorytmu EGNOS poprawkę jonosferyczną wyznaczoną na podstawie modelu powszechnie stosowanego w pozycjonowaniu autonomicznym – modelu Klobuchara. Rezultaty wykazują, że zastosowanie modelu Klobuchara może charakteryzować się lepszymi dokładnościami niż model EGNOS, przy jednoczesnych znacznie gorszych wartościach charakteryzujących wiarygodność pozycjonowania.
EN
Integrity of satellite positioning is essential in air transport assisted GNSS systems. This article presents the results of research carried out at the airport of Polish Air Force Academy in Dęblin. The operation of EGNOS performance was examined on basis of 2 test flights. Calculations were made in two variants: the first is based on the standard model of GPS/EGNOS positioning, while the second algorithm is applied to the EGNOS ionospheric corrections determined on the basis of a model widely used in autonomous positioning - Klobuchar model. The results show that using Klobuchar model may have a better accuracies than the EGNOS model, with much worse values characterizing the integrity of positioning.
5
Content available remote Innowacyjne rozwiązanie w zakresie interoperacyjności systemów elektronicznego pobierania opłat drogowych w UE
Nowacki G., Mitraszewska I., Kamiński T., Krysiuk C.
Zeszyty Naukowe. Problemy Transportu i Logistyki / Uniwersytet Szczeciński
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2010
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Nr 10
223--234
PL
[...]Implementacja autonomicznych systemów w państwach europejskich oraz brak możliwości współpracy z innymi systemami spowodowały, że Komisja Europejska od 2004 roku prowadzi szeroko zakrojone działania w zakresie interoperacyjności tych systemów. Interoperacyjność oraz budowa architektury tych systemów powoduje konieczność opracowania norm, dotyczących m.in. rozwiązań technicznych, bezpieczeństwa, protokołów przekazywania danych między elementami systemu i jego otoczeniem. Konieczne jest zatem opracowanie Krajowego Systemu Automatycznego Pobierania Opłat za przejazd autostradami i drogami szybkiego ruchu. Ważną cechą tego systemu powinna być unifi kacja wykorzystywanych w systemie urządzeń technicznych, tak aby zapewnić jego integralność.[...]
EN
The paper refers to some problems of the EETS interoperability. DSRC systems are used in the most of European Union members countries (Austria, France, Spain, Italy) based on Dedicated Short Range Communication (microwave band – 5,8 GHz). The different resolution is used the global positioning GPS and wireless communication GSM based systems (the mentioned system has been implemented in Germany, in the future in Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, UK). The electronic toll collection systems in the European Union member states are not interoperable, therefore European Commission has taken bold steps to address that issue. The fi rst one was Directive 2004/52/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on the interoperability of electronic road toll systems in the Community. The second was decision to launch Europe’s own Galileo system, that is predicted to improve upon both the accuracy and reliability of GPS. On June 26, 2004, the US and EU signed an agreement to coordinate Galileo and GPS. Furthermore the authors present the structure of electronic toll collection system that meets interoperability standards. The most important of its will be OBU (equipped with GPS, GSM and DSRC module – 5,8 GHz), that will be compatible with implemented EETS in EC.
6
Content available remote Galileo AltBOC E5 Signal Characteristics for Optimal Tracking Algorithms
Vejrazka F., Kovar P., Kacmarik P.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2010
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Vol. 4, no. 1
37--40
EN
The paper deals with an optimal processing of a Galileo E5 signal. A proposed correlator struc-ture was developed on a base of a deep study of an E5 signal cross correlation function. Due to the non linear-ity of the E5 AltBOC modulation the proposed correlator calculates the cross correlation function between a received signal and a signal replica for all possible hypotheses of the navigation message bits. A correct peak tracking verification is realized by implementation of a single side band correlator, which also serves for course signal acquisition and secondary ranging code synchronization. The signal processing was verified on the Galileo Giove A and Giove B satellites with very positive preliminary results.
7
Content available remote Algorytm i oprogramowanie modułu automatycznego postprocessingu (APPS) w polskim systemie satelitarnych stacji referencyjnych (ASG-EUPOS)
Kadaj R., Świętoń T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Budownictwo i Inżynieria Środowiska
|
2009
|
z. 51 [262]
37-56
PL
System precyzyjnego pozycjonowania satelitarnego ASG-EUPOS zbudowano w Polsce w latach 2006-2008, z inicjatywy Głównego Urzędu Geodezji i Kartografii. Pełne uruchomienie i udostępnienie systemu dla zastosowań geodezyjnych i nawigacyjnych nastąpiło w czerwcu 2008 r. System składa się z 98 stacji referencyjnych rozmieszczonych równomiernie w całym obszarze Polski, z których dwie stanowią centra kontrolno-obliczeniowe (główne w Warszawie i zapasowe w Katowicach). Cechą jakościową systemu jest wysoka subcentymetrowa precyzja pozycjonowania, zarówno w czasie rzeczywistym (RTK), jak też w trybie sieciowej, manualnej komunikacji z centralnym serwerem (serwis automatycznego postprocessingu). Jakkolwiek większość oprogramowania i sprzętu systemu pochodzi z firmy TRIMBLE, moduł automatycznego postprocessingu (APPS) jest całkowicie rozwiązaniem krajowym, opracowanym teoretycznie i zaimplementowanym przez autorów niniejszej publikacji. W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe metody i rozwiązania algorytmiczne przyjęte w module APPS. Istotnym elementem oryginalnym jest opracowany nowy algorytm (BETA) dla zadania pojedynczego postprocessingu, wykorzystujący tzw. schemat Schreibera dla układu potrójnych różnic fazowych. Moduł przeszedł pomyślnie testy praktyczne w roku 2008.
EN
In 2.06.2008 Precise Satellite Positioning System ASG-EUPOS became available for customers. It was built in years 2007-2008 on GUGiK. (Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography) order. System has real time and postprocessing services which support GPS measurements with accuracies up to 1 cm. Automatic Postprocessing Software for Trimble Application (APPS) is used in POZGEO - service which is a part of ASG-EUPOS. The new algorithm of postprocessing (name BETA) was developed. In this article functional model and algorithms of postprocessing (especially algorithm BETA) used in APPS are described. The differences between practical application of POZGEO and POZGEO-D are presented.
8
Content available remote ASG-EUPOS - a multifunctional precise satellite positioning system in Poland
Bosy J., Graszka W., Leonczyk M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2007
|
Vol. 1, no. 4
371--374
EN
With the beginning of January 2007 the realisation of the ASG-EUPOS multifunctional precise satellite positioning system in Poland has begun. The system founded in Poland is a part of a larger project EUPOS®, involving the countries of the Central and Eastern Europe. The ASG-EUPOS system will consist of 86 reference stations placed evenly on the area of the country in distances around 70 km and two management centres located in Warsaw and Katowice. The system will render three real-time services (NAVGEO, NAVGIS and CODGIS) and two postprocessing-mode services accessible (POSGEO and POSGEO D). It’s planned to organise a technical service and supply the geodesy and cartography documentation centres with GNSS equipment. The whole system is to be built by the end of 2007 and will go into use with the beginning of 2008. The ASG-EUPOS system is realised utilising the resources of the European Regional Development Fund.
9
Content available remote Application of GNSS integrated technology to safety of inland water navigation
Popielarczyk D., Oszczak S.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
|
2007
|
Vol. 1, no. 2
129--136
EN
In the paper the description of some applications of satellite integrated technology, elaborated in the Chair of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation of University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, to bathymetric survey of Great Masurian Lakes is given. The Lake of Sniardwy, the largest lake in Poland with about 11,000 ha has been measured using this modern technology with precise satellite positioning of underwater stones and shallow waters dangerous for sailors. Next the numerical map was elaborated and edited for sailors, fishermen and tourists. Some conclusions and recommendation for future works on inland navigation charts are also given.
10
Content available The geometrical factors of a navigational systems
Banachowicz A., Banachowicz G., Wolski A.
Reports on Geodesy
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2006
|
z. 1/76
261-267
EN
Vessels engaged in coastal navigation must have their position determined with high accuracy. This can be ensured only by satellite systems such as GPS and GLONASS. The paper presents generalized concepts of geometrical factors of a navigational system. Such factors are used in the analysis of the accuracy of various radionavigational systems aimed at selecting the best system for a given area. The modern process of navigation is described in a four-dimensional space - three geometric dimensions and time. For this reason both the description and analysis of navigational systems should be performed in the same space. The traditional geometric factor of the land-based radionavigational system was generalised to include the factors GDOP, PDOP, HDOP, VDOP and TDOP for the needs of the accuracy analysis of a GPS system. These terms are related to the so-called geometry of navigational system - through mutually related positions of gradients of navigational functions determining position Iines (hyperplanes). They are connected with non-Iinear regression through a probabilistic relation between the measured navigational parameters. Consequently, the concept of geometric factors in the process of navigational parameters estimation can be also extended to include a larger number of dimensions appropriate for the state vector.
11
Content available SNR of EGNOS satellites in Southern Baltic area
Makar A.
Reports on Geodesy
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2006
|
z. 1/76
281-285
EN
Introduction to using EGNOS system made possible determining of position in navigation and measurement applications. High accuracy of determined position, at precision of system DGPS level, allowed for taking advantage of that system in hydrographic measurements. In article are presented observations from signals transmitted by EGNOS system satelIites in 2005, in the middle of operation activating, to protecting of hydrographic measurements at sea and inland areas.
12
Content available Methodical fundamentals of creation of permanent GPS networks
Uchytel I. L., Jaroshenko V. N., Kapochkin B. B.
Reports on Geodesy
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2006
|
z. 1/76
293-300
13
Content available Geodesy, tectonics and geodynamics of Dinnarides
Medak D., Pribicevic B., Prelogovic E.
Reports on Geodesy
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2006
|
z. 1/76
85-90
EN
This paper summarises recent aetivities on merging the geodetic, geologic and neotectonic evidence of geodynamics in Croatian part of Dinnarides. The area of the City of Zagreb, which is the boundary zone of Eastern Alps, Dinnarides and Pannonian Basin is incIuded as well. It is shown here that the evidence for fractures of Eastern Adriatic differs from the previous hypotheses. This concIusion is derived from the results of various geodetic measurements: satellite positioning (GPS), astro-geodetic measurements of detlections of the vertical. These results are combined with geologic measurements and results of seismic activity studies in order to give more detailed and more accurate picture of the current situation in the tectonically very active region of Dinnarides. Several GPS-campaigns performed in the City of Zagreb area are examined as well. Due to the proximity of Croatian capitol, special attention has been paid to the effects of possible hazard on construction code.
14
Content available Experiences of RTK positioning in hard observational conditions during Nysa Kłodzka river project
Bakuła M., Oszczak S.
Reports on Geodesy
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2006
|
z. 1/76
71-79
EN
The paper presents the application of RTK technology for measuring the horizontal and vertical cross-sections of the Nysa Kłodzka River located in the southern part of Poland. GPS measurements were performed by the staff of Chair of Satellite Geodesy and Navigation of University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn in cooperation with the team of the OPeGieKa Wroclaw company. The measurements had been done for 30 days during August and September 2004. Three GPS receivers were used such as two Ashtech Z-Xtreme and one Ashtech Z-Surveyor. The radiomodems Satelline of SATEL company were used for transmitting RTK corrections from a reference station to rovers. RTK measurements were being performed in very difticult observational conditions Iike in heavy shrubbery or under trees. It was excellent occasion to test reliability and accuracy of RTK positioning in practice. In general, the use of RTK technology in woodlands and rural terrain extremely improved efficiency of works, but gross errors were being occurred from time to time in very severe conditions of GPS observations due to the lack of good satellite geometry and availability.
15
Content available Air-net of Polish permanent stations RTK DGPS in European CNS/ATM system
Banaszek K., Fellner A., Śledziński J., Trómiński P., Zając J.
Reports on Geodesy
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2006
|
z. 1/76
287-292
16
Content available remote On InSAR ambiguity resolution for deformation monitoring
Teunissen P. J. G.
Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy
|
2006
|
Vol. 41, No. 1
17--22
EN
Integer carrier phase ambiguity resolution is the key to fast and highprecision satellite positioning and navigation. It applies to a great variety of current and future models of GPS, modernized GPS and Galileo. It also applies to stacked radar interferometry for deformation monitoring, see e.g. [Hanssen, et al, 2001]. In this contribution we apply the integer least-squares’ principle to the rank defect model of stacked InSAR carrier phase data. We discuss two ways of dealing with the rank defect for ambiguity resolution. One is based on the use of a priori data, the other is based on the use of an interval constraint on the deformation rate.
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