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1
Content available remote Kosmiczne szanse i ryzyka
2
Content available remote Odczytujemy mikrofale
PL
Obecnie coraz więcej mówi się na temat budowy systemów informatycznych w oparciu o cyfrowe dane przestrzenne. Powstaje wiele regionalnych i lokalnych systemów, które wykorzystują dane przestrzenne do realizacji i zarządzania zadaniami własnymi gmin czy powiatów, na przykład zagospodarowanie przestrzenne czy ochrona gleb i wód powierzchniowych. W każdym z takich systemów bazowym elementem są referencyjne, aktualne dane topograficzne. Podstawą staje się zatem współpraca partnerów, którzy dostarczają i zarządzają takimi danymi. W artykule zostaną przedstawione trzy systemy, które oparte są na danych przestrzennych: 1. System Małopolskiej Infrastruktury Informacji Przestrzennej (MIlP), stanowiący podstawę dla pozostałych dwóch systemów, 2. System do zarządzania i monitoringu satelitarnego dla jednostek pogotowia ratunkowego (MPR), 3. System do zarządzania i monitoringu w Górskim Ochotniczym Pogotowiu Ratunkowym (GOPR).
EN
More and more discussions about development of information systems based on spatial data are held nowadays. In the paper, three systems based on application of such data were presented. The first one is the Malopolska Spatial Information Infrastructure (MIlP), the goal of which is to store, update and provide access to broadly understood spatial data base, both reference data and thematic data. The second one is the system established for medical rescue units and it is known as "Development of integrated information systems for management and satellite monitoring in Malopolska. It is the tool for management and monitoring of ambulance fleet, as well as for acceptance of emergency reports on the territory of the whole Malopolska Region. Owing to the system it is not only possible to improve management of ambulances but also to prepare emergency actions during natural disasters covering large area of the region. The third system is designed for the Mountain Volunteer Search and Rescue and in practice, it is the subsystem of the aforementioned project. Owing to the GIS software and satellite navigation, it enables faster and more effective search for persons lost in the mountains as well as efficient management of search and rescue actions through proper adjustment of the quantity of equipment and number of rescuers to the action conducted. The data base of digital background maps plays the key role in all the above mentioned systems, providing the reference data and ensuring decision making determining human health and life.
4
Content available Zdjęcia satelitarne SICH-2 - pierwsze analizy
PL
Ukraińskie zobrazowania satelitarne pozyskane z satelity Sich-2 są nowymi danymi obrazowymi, dostępnymi w sposób operacyjny od końca 2011 roku. Powierzchnia Ziemi jest obrazowana w pięciu kanałach spektralnych. Pozyskiwane dane charakteryzują się zróżnicowaną rozdzielczością przestrzenną. Kanał panchromatyczny, zielony, czerwony i bliskiej podczerwieni (PAN, G, R, NIR) cechuje się rozdzielczością przestrzenną wynoszącą 8.2 m (nadir), natomiast rozdzielczość przestrzenna zakresu średniej podczerwieni (MIR) jest zdecydowanie mniejsza i wynosi 41.4 m (nadir). Zobrazowania Sich - 2, pod względem rozdzielczości przestrzennej, są zbliżone do danych obrazowych pochodzących z RapidEye, Formosat-2 i SPOT-5. Natomiast pod względem spektralnym odpowiadają zdjęciom SPOT-5. W artykule przedstawione są podstawowe parametry zobrazowań Sich-2 a także podane zostały przykłady wykorzystania ich w teledetekcyjnych badaniach powierzchni Ziemi. Są to wyniki prac prowadzonych przez firmę Dniprocosmos S.C., która specjalizuje się w teledetekcji satelitarnej oraz jest dystrybutorem zdjęć satelitarnych. Zespół Obserwacji Ziemi w Centrum Badań Kosmicznych PAN pozyskało raz przeanalizował jedno z pierwszych zdjęć Sich-2 obrazujących obszar Polski. Na podstawie sceny obejmującej obszar okolic Lublina wykonano m.in. ocenę możliwości interpretacyjnych. W siedmiostopniowej skali MSIIRS (Multispectral Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale) analizowane zobrazowanie zakwalifikowano na poziomie 3.
EN
Ukrainian-Russian carrier rocket Dnepr, that was launched on August 17, 2011 from the Baikonur Dombarowskij in Russia, has placed in orbit the Sich-2 satellite. It is a satellite dedicated to Earth observation, designed and manufactured by the Ukrainian space industry. Sich-2 is a continuation of the mission Sich-1, Okean-O and Sich-1M. According to the Ukrainian National Space Policy the Sich-2 gives rise to a constellation of modern micro-satellites. They are designed to collect imagery of the Earth surface in the visible and near-infrared radiation with a spatial resolution of: 8 m (Sich-2, Sich-2M), 1 m (Sich-3-O) and the 1 m radar images (Sich-3-R). Satellites are characterized by high sophistication in terms of electronic and polymeric and composite materials used during the construction. Installed devices are designed to work under the "open" space and do not require special protection in the form of sealed enclosures. Sich-2 satellite operates at a 700 km altitude on the Sun synchronous orbit and having the inclination of 98.24°. The image data are collected in four spectral bands, with a spatial resolution of 8.2 m (PAN, R, G, B) and 41.4 m in the mid-infrared (MIR). The optical system provides the ability to change viewing angle from nadir up to 30°. Width of the panchromatic and multispectral scene is 48 km (at nadir) and 58 km for the MIR scanner. The article demonstrates the possibility of using the new Ukrainian satellite images acquired from the Sich-2, which, due to the spatial resolution are similar to the image data from FORMOSAT-2, SPOT-5 and RapidEye. Examples of using Sich-2 for monitoring of vegetation in built-up areas, monitoring of natural disasters (floods, snow drifts, fires) and classification of agricultural areas are presented. These are the results of work carried out by the company Dniprocosmos S.C., which specializes in satellite image processing and is a distributor of satellite data. The team of the Earth Observation Group from the Space Research Centre of the Polish Academy of Sciences acquired one of the first images from the Sich-2, that captured Polish territory. Based on a scene depicting the area around Lublin, in March 2012, analysis of interpretation possibilities were performed. It was done using the MSIIRS (Multispectral Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale) interpretation system. The Sich-2 image was classified at level 3 of eight-point scale.
EN
This article is the first of two papers on the remote sensing methods of monitoring the Baltic ecosystem, developed by a Polish team. The main aim of the five-year SatBałtyk (2010-2014) research project (Satellite Monitoring of the Baltic Sea Environment) is to prepare the technical infrastructure and set in motion operational procedures for the satellite monitoring of the Baltic environment. This system is to characterize on a routine basis the structural and functional properties of this sea on the basis of data supplied by the relevant satellites. The characterization and large-scale dissemination of the following properties of the Baltic is anticipated: the solar radiation influx to the sea's waters in various spectral intervals, energy balances of the short- and long-wave radiation at the Baltic Sea surface and in the upper layers of the atmosphere over the Baltic, sea surface temperature distribution, dynamic states of the water surface, concentrations of chlorophyll a and other phytoplankton pigments in the Baltic water, distributions of algal blooms, the occurrence of upwelling events, and the characteristics of primary organic matter production and photosynthetically released oxygen in the water. It is also intended to develop and, where feasible, to implement satellite techniques for detecting slicks of petroleum derivatives and other compounds, evaluating the state of the sea's ice cover, and forecasting the hazards from current and future storms and providing evidence of their effects in the Baltic coastal zone. The ultimate objective of the project is to implement an operational system for the routine determination and dissemination on the Internet of the above-mentioned features of the Baltic in the form of distribution maps as well as plots, tables and descriptions characterizing the state of the various elements of the Baltic environment. The main sources of input data for this system will be the results of systematic recording by environmental satellites and also special-purpose ones such as TIROS N/NOAA, MSG (currently Meteosat 9), EOS/AQUA and ENVISAT. The final effects of the SatBałtyk project are to be achieved by the end of 2014, i.e. during a period of 60 months. These two papers present the results obtained during the first 15 months of the project. Part 1 of this series of articles contains the assumptions, objectives and a description of the most important stages in the history of our research, which constitute the foundation of the current project. It also discusses the way in which SatBałtyk functions and the scheme of its overall operations system. The second article (Part 2), will discuss some aspects of its practical applicability in the satellite monitoring of the Baltic ecosystem (see Woźniak et al. (2011) in this issue).
7
Content available remote TerraSAR-X na orbicie
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