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Pollution of Beach Sand From Selected Recreational Reservoirs by Microplastics

Popenda Agnieszka, Wiśniowska Ewa

Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports

2022

Vol. 32, no. 4

230--241

The presence of microplastics have been ubiquitously confirmed in aquatic environment possessing the potential risk to the health of ecosystem. Most studies concerning microplastics are focused on water bodies, but it is considered that sediments and sands from the beaches may to be a long-term sink for microplastics. High concentrations of microplastics have been found in sand beach in Europe and all over the world. In the present studies samples of beach sand originating from three beaches of recreational reservoirs in Southern Poland (Silesian Voivodship) were analysed. Preliminary screening tests were done to evaluate the degree of microplastics pollution of the selected sandy beaches. Samples were taken once from three places on the beaches of each reservoir. Beach sections parallel to the waterline were selected at each study at the swash zone – about 1 m above the waterline. Previously, no studies were done on the presence of microplastics in these beaches. The samples taken from the beach were homogenized and mixed with saturated NaCl solutions, after separation of microplastics the pollutants were counted under optical microscope (under magnification 40 -100 x). It was found that in all three places the microplastics occurred in the beach sand samples. The most contaminated samples originated from Lisiniec recreation park (Adriatyk) which contained 340 ± 222 particles per kg/d.m. The most abundant fractions in the examined samples were fibres and fragments, the less abundant ones were granules. It can be concluded that recreational reservoirs beaches can be significantly contaminated by microplastics particles, but simultaneously the concentrations of these micropollutants can vary a lot between the individual places.

Temporal variability of enterococci and associated sources at three subtropical recreational beaches

León-López C. E., Arreola-Lizárraga J. A., Padilla-Arredondo G., Chávez-Villalba J. E., Mendoza-Salgado R. A., Méndez-Rodríguez L. C., García-Hernández J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

2018

Vol. 47, No. 4

327--336

We have examined enterococci concentrations in water and sand (dry and wet) at three semi-arid subtropical recreational beaches to assess public health risks. To determine the concentration of enterococci, water and sand samples were collected before, during and after the Easter Week (when the largest influx of users occurs), and in the wintertime. The lowest concentrations (< 100 MPN 100 ml-1) were recorded before the Easter Week, the highest concentrations (> 1500 MPN 100 ml-1) during and after the Easter Week, and concentrations < 500 MPN 100 ml-1 in the wintertime. Enterococci concentrations in sand were generally < 200 MPN 100 ml-1. Variability in enterococci concentrations can be explained by the influx of users during the Easter Week, rainfall runoff and the increase in water temperature after the Easter Week, as well as by winds and the presence of dogs and birds in the wintertime. The highest health risks occur during and after the Easter Week.