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Rozpoznanie wysadu solnego Wapno na tle tworzonych obrazów złoża

Kolonko M., Kolonko P., Wachowiak J.

Przegląd Solny

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2014

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T. 10

85--100

PL

Wysad solny Wapno był eksploatowany od początku XIX wieku. Początkowo eksploatowano margle kredowe, występujące ponad czapą gipsową tuż pod powierzchnią ziemi, następnie gips z czapy gipsowej i sól kamienną z wysadu solnego, którą nawiercono w 1871 r., na głębokości około 160 m p.p.t. Pierwsze nadanie górnicze na białą sól kamienną uzyskano w 1873 r. Podziemną eksploatację soli rozpoczęto w 1920 r., którą kontynuowano do 1977 r. Sól eksploatowano dwoma szybami na 8 poziomach eksploatacyjnych (III - VIII) na głębokości od 484 do 678 m p.p.t. W czasie działalności kopalni opracowano szczegółowo budowę wewnętrzną złoża oraz kształt i zasięg wysadu solnego i czapy gipsowej. Od początku eksploatacji kopalnia borykała się z zagrożeniem wodnym z warstw wodonośnych otaczających wysad, głównie z czapy gipsowej. Zagrożenie to wzrosło na początku lat 70. ubiegłego wieku. Szczególnie niebezpieczne były wycieki na poziomie III, w komorach 34, 36 i 37, które doprowadziły do zatopienia kopalni 5 sierpnia 1977 roku.

EN

The Wapno salt dome has been mined since the beginning of the 19th century. Initially, chalk marls, occurring above the gypsum cap and underneath the land surface, were extracted. Later, gypsum from the cap and rock salt from the very salt dome were mined. The salt dome was drilled to the depth of ca. 160 m below the ground in 1871. The first white salt mining concessions were obtained in 1873. Underground salt mining started in 1920 and was continued until 1977. Salt was extracted through two shafts and at eight operating levels (III-VIII) located at the depths from 484 to 678 m. During the mining operations, a detailed internal deposit shape and structure were identified, together with the range of both salt dome and gypsum cap. Since the beginning of salt extraction, the salt mine struggled against water hazard presented by the aquifers surrounding the salt dome, mainly those located in the gypsum cap. The hazard increased in the 1970’s. The leaks at Level II, Chambers 34, 36, and 37, turned out to be particularly dangerous and caused the mine flooding on 5 August 1977.

2

Przemieszczenia i naprężenia w otoczeniu kopalni Wapno w trakcie eksploatacji i po jej zatopieniu

Maj A., Kortas G.

Prace Instytutu Mechaniki Górotworu PAN

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2014

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Vol. 16, no. 1-2

61--76

PL

Badania nad zachowaniem się górotworu pod wpływem działalności górniczej przed, w trakcie i po zatopieniu kopalni w Wapnie przeprowadzono na podstawie geomechanicznych badań modelowych z zastosowaniem metody homogenizacji stref pola eksploatacyjnego. Przestawiono sposób uzyskania wyników symulacji zgodnych z wynikami pomiarów obniżeń na powierzchni terenu i na poszczególnych poziomach kopalni. Pokazano pionowe profile przemieszczeń i rozkłady naprężeń w otoczeniu kopalni. Praca jest podstawą do określenia stanu zagrożenia calizn ochronnych kopalni Wapno po katastrofalnym zatopieniu wyrobisk oraz kształtowania przemieszczeń na terenach pogórniczych.

EN

The behaviour of rock mass before the flooding of the Wapno salt mine, in the course of this process and afterwards was studied basing on results of geomechanical model testing using the homogenisation method. The strategy is outlined that was adopted to obtain simulation data consistent with subsidence measurements on the surface and on several levels within the mine. Of particular importance are vertical subsidence profi les and stress distributions in the neighbourhood of the mine. This study is the starting point for the assessment of the water hazard in Wapno salt mine and other underground multi-level salt mines.

3

Application of 2-D forward seismic modelling for impro- ved imaging of sub-salt Rotliegend strata in Polish Basin

Marzec P., Niepsuj M., Słonka Ł., Pietsch K.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2013

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Vol. 83, No. 1

65--80

EN

Forward seismic modelling can aid seismic studies of the pre-Zechstein strata in areas of developed salt tectonics, such as the Obrzycko–Szamotuły region, NW Polish Basin. The results not only can be used for seismic interpretation, but also can support the planning of survey methodology and the workflow of seismic data processing. This paper presents the results of modelling that was carried out, before the acquisition of the regional-scale, seismic line Obrzycko-1–Zabartowo-1–Zabartowo-2 (Górecki, 2010). An interpreted, seismic transect was used to build a basic, seismic-geological model. The modelling was based on seismic ray theory. The zero-offset mo- delling (theoretical wave field) for different geometries of salt structures showed that an increase in salt thickness resulted in a pull-up of reflection events, related to the sub-salt horizons. The incorporation of faults and salt overhangs into a model significantly complicated the seismic wave field. The results of offset modelling, pre- sented in this paper as seismic ray tracing and common-shot gathers, proved that (1) the seismic response of the Rotliegend (Permian) formations can be recorded, despite the presence of the overlying salt pillows and diapirs, if offsets several kilometres long are used, and (2) the complex configuration of seismic reflectors (diapirs with salt overhangs, faults) gives rise to complicated, seismic ray paths that may cause difficulties in common-depth-point stacking and therefore decrease the quality of the seismic records.

4

Geometria i ewolucja wybranych struktur solnych z obszaru Niżu Polskiego w świetle danych sejsmicznych

Krzywiec P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2009

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Vol. 57, nr 9

812-812

EN

Permo-Mesozoic Mid-Polish Trough formed eastern segment of the Southern Permian Basin, within which thick series of the Upper Permian (Zechstein) evaporites, including rock salt, have been deposited. During subsidence phase the presence of thick salt series led to regional decoupling between sub-salt basement and supra salt Mesozoic sedimentary cover, and to development of various salt structures. Evolution of salt pillows and diapirs was genetically related to activity of the basement fault zones. The Goleniów, Dzwonowo-Człopa, Damasławek, Mogilno, Kłodawa and Lubień salt diapirs have been analyzed using conventional seismic reflection data acquired during petroleum exploration, and - in case of Damasławek and Lubień diapirs - shallow high-resolution seismic data. Interpretation of available seismic data gave new insight into geometry of these salt structures, finally shaped during Late Cretaceous-Palaeogene inversion of the Mid-Polish Trough and partly modified during younger (Neogene- Quaternary) phases of their tectonic activity.

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Cenozoic dynamics of the Dębina Salt Dome, Kleszczów Graben, inferred from structural features of the Tertiary-Quaternary cover

Hałuszczak A.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2004

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Vol. 74, No 3

311--318

EN

The Dębina Salt Dome (DSD) is located in the central part of the Tertiary Kleszczów Graben, between the open-cast brown coal mines: "Bełchatów" and "Szczerców". Complicated geological features of the DSD are related to the polyphase tectonic activity in the Kleszczów Graben, and the salt structure dynamics which is believed to be coupled with that activity. The distinctive anticlinal elevation of the sedimentary cover of the DSD points to Cenozoic uplift of the salt. The timing of these salt pulses can be considered as related to main phases of tectonic activity in the Tertiary and Quaternary, well-documented during field studies in the brown coal open mine "Bełchatów". Due to the Middle/Late Tertiary salt uplift, a vast asymmetric anticline of up to 400 m amplitude was formed in the Early Miocene sandy and coaly sediments, including the so-called main coal seam. Renewed salt movements of the DSD occurred in the Quaternary. Considering the magnitude of the top-Tertiary surface elevation versus preliminary dating of this activity, it is concluded that the rate of the salt uplift was about 0.3 mm/ year, with the strain rate estimated at 4 x 10-14 s-1. Both parameters show relatively fast Quaternary salt movements of the DSD, being representative for the diapir rise active phase (from 10-14 s-1 to 10-16 s-1 ).