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Impact of Salinity Stress and ZnO-NPs on Macro and Micronutrient Assimilation: Unraveling the Link between Environmental Factors and Nutrient Uptake

Singh Abhishek, Sengar Rakesh Singh, Rajput Vishnu D., Al-Ghzawi Abdul Latief, Shahi Uday Pratap, Ghazaryan Karen, Minkina Tatiana, Al Tawaha Abdel Rahman Mohammad, Al Zoubi Omar Mahmoud, Habeeb Talaat

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 2

1--9

EN

The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of salinity (NaCl) on the mineral composition and macro- and micronutrient contents of rice plants. The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biotechnology’s experimental area in SVPUAT Meerut. Various salinity treatments were applied, including T0 (Control), T1 (60 mM NaCl), T2 (80 mM NaCl), T3 (100 mM NaCl), T4 (ZnO NPs 50 mg/L + 60 mM NaCl), T5 (ZnO NPs 50 mg/L + 80 mM NaCl), and T6 (ZnO NPs 50 mg/L + 100 mM NaCl). The results analysis revealed that the micro- and micronutrients in rice genotypes decreased compared to the control treatment. However, when 50 mg/L of ZnO-NPs were applied, the concentrations of both macro- and micronutrient contents in rice plants were found to increase. This is the most significant finding of this research.

2

Effect of Salinity on Germination and Root Growth of Jordanian Barley

Awad Ayah, Odat Nidal, Abu-Romman Saeid, Hasan Maen, Al-Tawaha Abdel Rahman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 1

41--50

EN

The fundamental aim of this study was to investigate the growth responses of selected Jordanian cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genotypes to the salinity stress. Twenty-six landraces and two recent cultivars were subjected to four levels of salinity (0, 50, 100 and 200 mM NaCl). The salt stress was found to influence the majority of germination ability such as germination % which ranged from about 80% to 100% (One-way ANOVA; p ≤ 0.05). Moreover, germination was statistically affected in correspondence to exposure time to salinity and in relation to genotypic composition of studied barley (two-row vs. six-row accessions) (Two-Way ANOVA; p ≤ 0.05). Early seedling growth traits were also found to decline with increasing salinity stress. Moreover, according to the growth parameters genotypes, M’ 1595, M’ 1593, Ir 1558, Ir 1631, Ir 1639, Mf 1545, and Mf 1548 were found to have better performance than others. On the other hand, the genotypes M’ 1593, M’ 1594, M’ 1595, Ir 1558, Ra 1552, Ra 1611, Mf 1616, Mf 1617, and Ma 1592 were most affected genotypes by salinity. The results of this study lead to the conclusion that the response to the salinity stress is complex, yet the comprehensive results found in this study provide a foundation for deeper exploration of diversity as well as the gene–trait relationships and their utilization in future barley improvement.

3

Effects of Sodium Chloride on Growth and Mineral Nutrition of Purpletop Vervain

Salachna P., Piechocki R.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

148--152

EN

There is a rising demand for salt-tolerant species for landscaping. Purpletop vervain is an excellent landscape plant for gardens and parks, with fragrant lavender to rose-purple flowers. However, little is known concerning the effect of sodium chloride on morphological characteristics, flowering and mineral uptake of purpletop vervain. In this study, carried out in 2013–2014, the plants of purpletop vervain were grown in pots in an unheated plastic tunnel. The plants were watered with 200 mM NaCl solution four times, every seven days. Salinity-exposed plants were characterized by slightly reduced plant height, weight of the aboveground part and visual score. Salt stress caused also an increase in leaf content sodium, chlorine and manganese. Salinity had no effect on earliness of flowering and content in leaves of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, copper, zinc and iron. Purpletop vervain seems to be plant species able to tolerate salt stress under controlled conditions.

4

Wstępna ocena skutków wieloletniego stosowania chlorku sodu do zwalczania gołoledzi na drzewa i glebę przy drodze krajowej nr 12

Marosz A.

Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich

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2016

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nr I/1

177--189

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań terenowych i analiz było poznanie wpływu zanieczyszczeń komunikacyjnych związanych z zimowym zwalczaniem śliskości na roślinność przydrożną i glebę. Badania przeprowadzono przy drodze głównej nr 12 w centralnej Polsce w 4 lokalizacjach. Roślinność i gleba w sąsiedztwie dróg są szczególnie narażone na liczne stresy abiotyczne i uszkodzenia. Na skutek długookresowego używania soli do poprawy bezpieczeństwa ruchu na drodze gleba narażona jest na skażenie i wysoką akumulację szkodliwych jonów sodu i chloru. W takcie badań pobrano próby gleby i liści do analiz chemicznych, pomiaru poziomu EC i pH gleby, przeprowadzono szczegółowe obserwacje drzew oraz ocenę uszkodzeń blaszki liściowej. W bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie drogi zaobserwowano wysoki poziom zasolenia gleby oraz wysokie pH (odczyn zasadowy) wskaźniki te maleją w miarę wzrostu odległości od krawędzi jezdni. W przypadku zasolenia różnice stają się nieistotne od 7-8 m od krawędzi jezdni. Natomiast w przypadku wartości pH próbki z pola uprawnego wskazują, iż gleby są bardzo kwaśne i kwaśne, a przy drodze zasadowe. Zwiększoną akumulację sodu w liściach odnotowano u wszystkich rodzimych drzew rosnących przy drodze co najmniej 25 lat. U gatunków obcych jak Acer saccharinum, Quercus rubra i Robinia pseudoacacia zawartość sodu w liściach nie różniła się od roślin kontrolnych, a blaszki liściowe nie miały objawów nekrozy.

EN

The aim of the local study and chemical analyses was identification of the impact of transport pollution connected with removing winter ice and snow from the roads on roadside plants and soils. The study was conducted near the main road no 12 in central Poland, in 4 locations. Plants and soil along the roads are particularly exposed on many stresses and injuries. As consequence of long time of application salts to maintain safe driving conditions on the road, side soil is exposure for contamination and high accumulation of sodium and chloride ions. During the experiment soil and leaves samples were taken for chemical analysis and EC or pH determination. Observation of trees and leaf-blade damage were also made. High soil salinity an pH were observed in the direct roadside. Values are decreasing when the distance from the road curb is increasing. In case of salinity data are becoming statistically not important at 7-8 m from the road curb. Whereas pH values of soil samples from the field are acidity compared to samples taken from the roadside that are alkaline. The results indicate that sodim chloride de-icing affects of sodium downloading by the native species of trees grown along the road at least of 25 years. Amount of sodium ions in the leaves of alien species such as Acer saccharinum, Quercus rubra and Robinia pseudoacacia did not differ according to control ones, and there were any damage or leaf - burning symptoms observed.

5

Response of Speckled Spur-Flower to Salinity Stress and Salicylic Acid Treatment

Salachna P., Piechocki R., Zawadzińska A., Wośkowiak A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 5

68--75

EN

One of the limitations to using ornamental plants in green areas is too high salinity and alkalization of the soil. The adverse effect of salinity on plant growth and de-velopment may be effectively reduced by application of salicylic acid. Plectranthus ciliatus is an attractive bed plant with ornamental leaves, recommended for growing in containers, hanging baskets, or sunny borders. The aim of this study was to investi-gate the response of P. ciliatus to salicylic acid and calcium chloride. The plants were grown in pots in a glasshouse and were sprayed with solution of 0.5 mM salicylic acid and watered with 200 mM calcium chloride. The application of salicylic acid resulted in an increased weight of the aboveground parts, higher stomatal conductance and leaf greenness index and enhanced leaf content of nitrogen, potassium, iron and zinc. Salinity-exposed plants were characterized by reduced weight, stomatal conductance and leaf greenness index. Salt stress caused also a drop in leaf content of nitrogen, po-tassium and iron, and an increase in calcium, sodium, chlorine, copper and manganese concentration. Salicylic acid seemed to relieve salinity-mediated plant stress.

6

Effect of the Diverse Concentration of Sodium Chloride in the Medium on the Content of Assimilation Pigments and the Biometric Features of Basket Willow (Salix viminalis L) Cultivated in Hydroponics

Mikiciuk M., Wróbel J., Jakowienko P.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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Vol. 17, nr 10

1289-1295

EN

In 2006 a hydroponic vegetation experiment was carried out under controlled conditions in the laboratory of the Department of Plant Physiology University of Agriculture in Szczecin. The experiment was conducted using a complete randomization method in a two-factor system in three replications Three series of experiments were performed during the period from April to June. The first experimental factor was a concentration of NaCl in the medium (0.068, 0.136 and 0.170 mol NaCl dm–3, control test – complete Hoagland’s medium), whereas the other factor was a willow clone. The following biometric features were determined: the length of a shoot, the number of leaves on the shoot, fresh and dry matter of shoots. The content of assimilation dyes in the leaves of willow was also determined, 48 and 168 hours after the salinization of the media.

PL

Hydroponiczne doświadczenie wegetacyjne przeprowadzone zostało w 2006 roku, w kontrolowanych warunkach, w laboratorium Katedry Fizjologii Roślin Akademii Rolniczej w Szczecinie. Doświadczenie założono metodą kompletnej randomizacji w układzie dwuczynnikowym, w trzech powtórzeniach. Wykonano trzy serie doświadczeń w miesiącach kwiecień - czerwiec. Pierwszy czynnik doświadczalny stanowiło stężenie NaCl w pożywce (0,068; 0,136 i 0,170 mol NaCl dm-3, kontrola - pożywka pełna Hoaglanda), drugi natomiast klon wierzby. Określono następujące cechy biometryczne roślin: długość pędu, liczba liści na pędzie, świeża i sucha masa pędów. Oznaczono również zawartość barwników asymilacyjnych w liściach wierzby, 48 oraz 168 godzin po zasoleniu pożywek.