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1

Folding in the Middle Jurassic Todilto Formation, New Mexico-Colorado, USA

Lucas S., Krainer K., Berglof W.

Volumina Jurassica

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2014

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Vol. 12, no. 2

39--54

EN

The Middle Jurassic (Callovian) Todilto Formation of northwestern New Mexico–southwestern Colorado, USA, is a carbonate/evaporite lithostratigraphic unit that was deposited in a large paralic salina culminated by a gypsiferous evaporitic lake. Intraformational folds of the limestone-dominated lower part of the Todilto Formation (Luciano Mesa Member) range in scale from millimeters to meters, and many of the large folds are the loci of uranium mineralization. A diverse literature has attributed the formation of intraformational folds of the Todilto Formation to several causes, including syndepositional or postdepositional tectonics, soft-sediment deformation due to sediment loading or gravity sliding, diagenetic alteration (primarily the hydration/crystallization of gypsum/anhydrite), the growth of stromatolitic bioherms or the formation of tepee-like structures. We examine in detail two characteristic outcrops of intraformational folds in the Todilto Formation, in west-central New Mexico, to conclude that folds and domal structures present in the Todilto limestone facies at different stratigraphic levels and at different scales have resulted from varied processes that produced dome-like stromatolitic mounds, tepee-like structures, small-scale enterolithic folds and large-scale folds of likely diagenetic origin.

2

Zagrożenie wodne w polskich podziemnych kopalniach soli

Kortas G.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2013

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T. 69, nr 5

83--88

PL

W perspektywie wieloletniej działalności górniczej polskich kopalń soli omówiono prawną definicję zagrożenia wodnego i podano jej nowe ujęcie. Przedstawiono warunki geologiczno-górnicze i charakterystyczne objawy zagrożenia wodnego. Określono dopływy wód do podziemnych kopalń soli i wyłoniono cztery kategorie ich skutków. Dopływy zestawiono w nowym uporządkowaniu i w skali logarytmicznej. Wskazano na główne czynniki wpływające na stan zagrożenia wodnego oraz stosowane sposoby zapobiegania awariom i katastrofom wodnym. Omówiono podstawowe związki matematyczne probabilistycznego modelu zagrożenia wodnego, wiążące zagrożenie wodne podziemnych kopalń soli z zagrożeniem terenów górniczych, wskazując na potrzebę uzgadniania wartości zagrożonej z miejscowym samorządem.

EN

This article presents a new take on legal definition of water hazard on the basis of perennial mining activity of salt mines in Poland. The geological-mining conditions and typical symptoms of water hazard were described. The effects of water inflow to the underground salinas were divided into four categories. The inflows were put in a new order in logarithmic scale. Main factors affecting water hazard level as well as the applied prevention methods in case of emergency and water disasters were determined. The essential mathematic relations for the water hazard model of probability calculus, which correlate between the water hazard of the underground salinas and the hazard of mining areas were presented. This article shows the importance of reaching a mutual agreement with the local government on the endangered value.

3

An integrated system for macro-scale anhydrite classification

Forkner R. M.

Geological Quarterly

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2010

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Vol. 54, No 4

423-430

EN

Most anhydrite classification systems to date have focused primarily on the naming of anhydrite bodies, masses, or crystals themselves rather than focusing on both the mineral morphology and links to the sedimentary succession in which it occurs. Much of the reasoning for the lack of development of an integrated classification system for anhydrite may come from the inherent instability of the mineral, and therefore the difficulty making a link between any particular morphology and a specific formative process or environment. This sets anhydrite classification apart from other sedimentary classification schemes, as most of them (e.g., Dunham, McBride, etc.) naturally break into groups that can be related to sorting, textural maturity, mode of deposition, or other genetic process. A classification system for anhydrite has been developed that allows for information about the gross anhydrite volume and morphology, as well as host sediment type to be transmitted using a single type-name. This new integrated anhydrite classification scheme was developed using input from both previously developed schemes and field studies with a view to link anhydrite morphology and volume to precursor depositional process. These relationships have been shown to hold true in certain circumstances, with both gross anhydrite volume and morphology many times being characteristics that are particular to former depositional setting (bedded, laminated salinic anhydrite versus nodular sabkha anhydrite, as an example). By adding a host rock descriptor to the scheme, quite a bit of empirical information about the anhydrite-bearing rock is made available in a single name, which can then be more easily linked to genetic process. Such a scheme may have wide application in industry, where careful description and classification of anhydrite is a key component to understanding the distribution of reservoir rock types in the subsurface.

4

Rozpoznanie złoża soli w praktyce dawnych górników wielickich od XIII do XVII w.

Kuc W.

Przegląd Górniczy

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2009

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T. 65, nr 11-12

143-150

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zarysowanie okoliczności, w jakich rozwijające się w Małopolsce górnictwo solne korzystało w swych działaniach z wiedzy przyrodniczej. Problematykę tę ujęto w odniesieniu do okresu XIII-XVII w.

EN

To outline circumstances in which the developing in Małopolska salt-works used in its activity the natural knowledge is the aim of this paper. These issues have been presented with reference to the period of 13th-17th century.

5

Badenian evaporite basin of the northern Carpathian Foredeep as a drawdown salina basin

Bąbel M.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 54, no. 3

313-337

EN

The Middle Miocene (Badenian) Ca sulphate-dominated evaporites of the northern Carpathian Foredeep (in Ukraine, Poland, the Czech Republic and Moldova) are interpreted as deposits of a giant and shallow salina basin developed in norhern Central Paratethys during the Badenian salinity crisis. The predicted features of salina basin model are discussed and compared with the actual geological record of the Badenian evaporites. The main depositional features of salina basin, are: (i) evaporite drawdown; (ii) rapid and large fluctuations in basinal water level; (iii) presence of both shallowing-upward and deepening-upward depositional sequences; (iv) aggradational deposition; (v) variable marine, non-marine, and/or mixed characteristic of brine; all which are recognised in this Badenian basin. Aggradational evaporite deposition was controlled by water or brine level fluctuations within the basin or subbasins.Because the basin was separated from the sea by some emerged barriers these fluctuations were only weakly dependent on world-wide sea-level changes but were rather controlled by regional climate.