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Trends nad challenges in the aviation systems safety and cybersecurity

Zalewski Janusz, Kornecki Andrew

TASK Quarterly : scientific bulletin of Academic Computer Centre in Gdansk

2019

Vol. 23, No 2

159--175

Aviation systems are an essential component of every nation’s critical infrastructure.Considering millions of passengers flying per year and busy airports, the safe and secure flightand traffic operation is of primary importance to the proper functioning of the society. This paper discusses fundamental problems of providing critical systems safety and cybersecurityin the aviation infrastructure including both airborne and ground systems such as avionics, navigation, air traffic control and management, as well as unmanned systems. It reviews the major challenges and current trends in providing viable solutions. Both industrial practices andresearch approaches are mentioned, including established methodologies and standards, as well as new developments in certification.

Exposure of Workers to Electromagnetic Fields. A Review of Open Questions on Exposure Assessment Techniques

Mild K. H., Alanko T., Decat G., Falsaperla R., Gryz K., Hietanen M., Karpowicz J., Rossi P., Sandstrom M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2009

Vol. 15, No. 1

3--33

European Directive 2004/40/EC on occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), based on the guidelines of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, was to be implemented in the Member States of the European Union by 2008. Because of some unexpected problems the deadline was postponed until 2012. This paper reviews some of the problems identified and presents some suggestions for possible solutions based on the authors’ experience in assessing occupational exposure to EMF. Among the topics discussed are movement in static magnetic fields, ways to time average extreme low frequency signals, the difference between emission and exposure standards, and ways of dealing with those issues.

Czy promieniowanie stacji bazowych telefonii komórkowej stanowi zagrożenie? Część II

Karwowski A.

Przegląd Telekomunikacyjny + Wiadomości Telekomunikacyjne

2002

nr 3

175-181

Naświetlono - z punktu widzenia technika - problematykę narażeń elektromagnetycznych powodowanych przez stacje bazowe systemów telefonii komórkowej i związanego z tym ewentualnego ryzyka zdrowotnego. Scharakteryzowano strefy pola elektromagnetycznego w sąsiedztwie anten stacji bazowych. Przedstawiono reprezentatywne zagraniczne i krajowe zalecenia ochronne odnoszące się do populacji ogólnej. Opisano eksperymentalne i obliczeniowe techniki ocen/prognozowania ekspozycji w polu stacji bazowych.

The paper deals - from the technical viewpoint - with considerations of possible adverse health effects from human exposure to radio-frequency radiation from base stations of cellular telephony. In the second part of the paper, the field regions in vicinity of base station antennas are investigated. Current international and national guidelines on acceptable levels of exposure to radio - frequency radiation for general population are introduced. Finally experimental and calculational techniques providing assistance in evaluating human exposure are presented, and their advantages and drawbacks are briefly characterized.