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1

The role and importance of risk assessment in machinery design and control systems on the example of a model research line designed for the production of low-emission composite fuel

Kozłowski Artur, Smyła Jarosław, Bembenek Michał, Wojtas Piotr, Kasprzyczak Leszek

Journal of KONBiN

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2023

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Vol. 53, iss. 1

25--45

EN

The article discusses the construction and functionality of a modular line for the production of low-emission composite fuel, which was developed as part of a project cofinanced by European Funds, the aim of which was to develop an ecological, composite solid fuel intended for low and medium power boilers. The designed and built innovative production line has been tested in terms of safety requirements in accordance with the Machinery Directive 2006/42/EC. Based on the harmonized standards, the risk estimation algorithm was selected. The assessment covered, inter alia, mechanical, electrical and thermal hazards, hazards related to noise and processed material, and those related to control systems that perform safety functions. In order to eliminate non-conformities, technical and organizational measures increasing the safety of service were proposed.

PL

W artykule omówiono budowę i funkcjonalność modułowej linii do wytwarzania niskoemisyjnego paliwa kompozytowego, która została opracowana w ramach projektu dofinansowanego z Funduszy Europejskich, którego celem było opracowanie ekologicznego, kompozytowego paliwa stałego przeznaczonego do kotłów małej i średniej mocy. Zaprojektowana i zbudowana innowacyjna linia produkcyjna została sprawdzona pod kątem wymagań bezpieczeństwa według Dyrektywy Maszynowej 2006/42/WE. Na podstawie norm zharmonizowanych dokonano wyboru algorytmu szacowania ryzyka. Ocenie podlegały m.in. zagrożenia mechaniczne, elektryczne, termiczne, zagrożenia związane z hałasem i przetwarzanym materiałem oraz dotyczące systemów sterowania realizujących funkcje bezpieczeństwa. W celu eliminacji niezgodności zaproponowane zostały techniczne i organizacyjne środki podnoszące bezpieczeństwo obsługi.

2

Method of Analysis of Thermophysical Properties and Composition of Nuclear Fuel During Modernization of Active Zones of Nuclear Power Reactors

Vashchenko Volodymyr, Skalozubov Volodymyr, Korduba Iryna, Komarov Yuriy, Zhukova Olena

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 6

186--191

EN

The developed alternative method of analyzing the safety of the active zone of reactor installations is justified for improving the thermophysical properties and composition of nuclear fuel, designs of heat-releasing assemblies, reactor operation modes at increased or reduced power, etc. The impact of modernization on the safety criteria and conditions of reactor installations (RF) was analyzed. Attention was focused on the fact that until now there have been no sufficiently substantiated and accepted criteria and conditions for "steam" explosions in the Russian Federation. It was shown that when analyzing the safety of HF modernization with deterministic codes, it is necessary to take into account the possibility of negative effects of "user code" (EUC) and "code difference" (ECD), which can significantly affect the results of re-simulation of accidents with deterministic codes taking into account modernizations.

3

Bicycle free-flow speed estimation based on GPS data – comparison of bike sharing system and Strava data

Pazdan Sylwia, Kiec Mariusz

Archives of Transport

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2023

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Vol. 68, iss. 4

77--90

EN

The increasing number of cyclists in cities around the world results in a greater focus on bicycle traffic. Next to traffic volume, the main characteristic of traffic used in road safety analysis, infrastructure planning, design, etc. is its speed. Bicycle speed is strongly affected by the type of bicycle facility, motor vehicle traffic parameters (volume, speed, share of heavy vehicles), trip motivation, weather conditions, etc., and therefore it is difficult to estimate. Traditionally, bicycle speed is determined directly using speed radar or indirectly, as a quotient of measurement base length and travel time calculated using a stopwatch or video technique. There are also researches where bicycle speed was esti mated based on GPS sources, mainly mobile apps. However, depending on the GPS source and the group of cyclists, bicycle speed gained from GPS data can be different from the speed of regular cyclists (due to different levels of experience or types of bicycle). In the paper, the relationships between bicycle speed obtained from empirical measurements and two different GPS sources, which were bike sharing system (Wavelo) and Strava app, were analysed. In total 18 research sites were selected different in terms of bicycle facility (bicycle path, shared pedestrian/bicycle path, contra flow lane) and element of road network (road segment, bicycle crossing with or without traffic signals). Two tailed test for two means was conducted to analyses the statistical significance of differences in bicycle speed estimated based on GPS data and empirical measurements using video technique. It showed that Wavelo and Strava speeds are by 17.4% lower are by 23.1% higher than the speeds of regular cyclists respectively. Two linear regression models describing relationships between bicycle speeds from empirical measurements and GPS data were developed. The results show that the variance of bicycle speed is almost 80% described by the variance of Wavelo speed and 60% described by the variance of Strava speed, which suggests that bicycle free-flow speed can be estimated based on GPS data either from bike share system or dedicated app.

4

Quantitative safety analysis of train control system based on statistical model checking

Lin Junting, Min Xiaoqin

Archives of Transport

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2022

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Vol. 61, iss. 1

7--19

EN

With the rapid development of communication technology, the Train-centric Communication-based Train Control (TcCBTC) system adopting the train-train communication mode to reduce the transmission link of control information, will become the direction of urban rail transit field development. At present, TcCBTC system is in the stage of key technology research and prototype development. Uncertain behavior in the process of system operation may lead to operation accidents. Therefore, before the system is put into use, it must undergo strict testing and security verification to ensure the safe and efficient operation of the system. In the paper, the formal modeling and quantitative analysis of train tracking operation under moving block are carried out. Firstly, the structure of TcCBTC system and the train tracking interval control strategy under moving block conditions are analyzed. The subsystem involved in train tracking and the uncertain factors in system operation are determined. Then, based on the Stochastic Hybrid Automata (SHA), a network of SHA model of train dynamics model, communication components and on-board controller in the process of train tracking is established, which can formally describe the uncertain environment in the process of system operation. UPPAAL-SMC is used to simulate the change curve of train position and speed during tracking, it is verified that the model meets the safety requirements in static environment. Finally, taking Statistical Model Checking (SMC) as the basis of safety analysis, the probability of train collision in uncertain environment is calculated. The results show that after accurately modeling the train tracking operation control mechanism through network of SHA, the SMC method can accurately calculate the probability of train rearend collision, which proves that the method has strong feasibility and effectiveness. Formal modeling and analysis of safety-critical system is very important, which enables designers to grasp the hidden dangers of the system in the design stage and safety evaluation stage of train control system, and further provides theoretical reference for the subsequent TcCBTC system design and development, practical application and related specification improvement.

5

Use of safety analysis in industrial maintenance management

Tabor Joanna

Quality Production Improvement - QPI

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2021

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

162--172

EN

The maintenance system is one of the key systems in the industry, because it ensures the continuity of work and the safety of the production systems. The maintenance system includes a set of specific activities carried out by people in various environmental conditions, with the use of appropriate equipment and within a specific organizational and management structure. Activities carried out by maintenance workers are related to the occurrence of various types of physical, chemical, biological or psychosocial risks. These dangers can lead to accidents or occupational diseases. Therefore, the task of managers within maintenance systems is to provide people working in these systems with an appropriate level of safety through the use of properly selected preventive measures. The methods of safety analysis are related to the examination of various systems in order to identify and assess the risks in these systems and to prepare the safety characteristics of these systems, which allows for the correct adjustment of preventive measures to the identified needs. The purpose of this work is to present the basic methods of Safety Analysis in terms of their possible use in the area of industrial maintenance. As part of the work, the hazards at work in maintenance were characterized, the importance of safety analysis for the identification of hazards and accident prevention was discussed, and the key methods of safety analysis were presented in terms of their possible use to improve work safety in an industrial maintenance system. The presented considerations are original. The findings of the article will be very useful for management in implementing safe maintenance systems in industry.

6

The method of selecting the interval of functional tests taking into account economic aspects and legal requirements

Piesik Jan, Piesik Emilian, Śliwiński Marcin

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2020

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Vol. 14, No. 2

91--98

EN

The article discusses the problem of choosing the optimal frequency of functional tests, taking into account the reliability and law requirements, but also the impact of business aspects in the company. The subject of functional test interval is well described for purposes of the process industry. Unfortunately, this is not the case for the machinery safety functions with low demand mode. This is followed by a presentation of the current business approach, which, in order to achieve industrial excellence, monitor their performance through the appropriate selection of key performance indicators. In addition, companies are increasingly exploring potential risks in the following areas: new challenges in advanced risk management, including the perception of the company’s facilities as a safe workplace insight of customers and business partners. Eliminating potential hazards is increasingly taking into account, especially the impact of human activity and its interaction with machines. The case study has been presented based on the machines used for the production of tire semi-finished products. In this article, the authors propose a solution for selecting the interval of functional tests of safety functions and additional machine protection measures as a compromise to achieve satisfactory results in terms of safety requirements, performance and legal requirements.

7

Safety analysis of interdependent critical infrastructure networks

Blokus A., Dziula P.

TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

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2019

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Vol. 13. no. 4

781--787

EN

Certain critical infrastructure networks show some interconnections, relations and interactions with other ones, most frequently when located and operating within particular areas. Failures arising within one critical infrastructure network, can then negatively impact not only on associated systems, societies and natural environment, but also on mutual critical infrastructure networks. Therefore, interdependent critical infrastructure networks can be determined as network of critical infrastructure networks (network of networks approach). The paper presents safety analysis of the network of critical infrastructure networks, taking into account interconnections, relations and interactions between particular ones. Critical infrastructures networks as multistate systems are considered, by distinguishing subsets of no-hazards safety states, and crisis situation states, and by analysing transitions between particular ones. Issues introduced in the article are based on the assumption that one key critical infrastructure network impacts on functioning of other critical infrastructure networks - can reduce their functionality and change level of their safety and inoperability, furthermore, other networks can impact each other, too. Safety characteristics of network of critical infrastructure networks: safety function, mean values and standard deviations of lifetimes in particular safety state subsets, are determined, taking into account interdependencies between particular networks. The results are related to various values of coefficients defining the significance of influence of interdependencies among networks.

8

Survey questionnaire for the study on occupational safety culture in a production plant. Construction and statistical verification of data correctness

Krupa Patryk, Gabryelewicz Izabela, Edl Milan, Pantya Peter, Patalas-Maliszewska Justyna

Management and Production Engineering Review

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2019

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Vol. 10, No. 2

101–-108

EN

The article presents the issue related with a proper preparation of a data sheet for the analysis, the way of verifying the correctness and reliability of input information, and proper data encoding. Improper input or coding of data can significantly influence the correctness of performed analyses or extend their time. This stage of an analysis is presented by an authorship questionnaire for the study on occupational safety culture in a manufacturing plant, using the Statistica software for analyses. There were used real data, obtained during the research on the issue of occupational safety and factors having the greatest influence on the state of occupational safety.

9

Analiza bezpieczeństwa ruchu pojazdów jednośladowych w latach 2010-2017 na przykładzie powiatu radomskiego

Perzyński T., Pietruszczak D., Witczak Ł.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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R. 19, nr 12

196--201

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wybrane rozwiązania zwiększające bezpieczeństwo w pojazdach jednośladowych. Omówiono wybrane elementy bezpieczeństwa biernego i czynnego. Przedstawiono dane statystyczne dotyczące udziału pojazdów jednośladowych w zdarzeniach drogowych w latach 2010–2017 w powiecie radomskim. Przeprowadzono również ankietę wśród użytkowników pojazdów jednośladowych dotyczącą bezpieczeństwa.

EN

The paper presents selected solutions increasing safety in two-wheeled vehicles. Selected elements of passive and active safety in motorcycles were discussed. Statistical data on the share of two-wheeled vehicles in road incidents in the years 2010-2017 in the Radom County were presented. The results of the survey conducted among motorcyclists were shown.

10

Implementacja metody Bow-Tie do analizy bezpieczeństwa systemów wodociągowych

Rak J., Pietrucha-Urbanik K.

Gaz, Woda i Technika Sanitarna

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2017

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Nr 11

453--457

PL

W normie ISO 31000 zaprezentowano 28 metodyk analizy i oceny ryzyka. Wszystkie w zależności od potrzeb można zastosować w branży wodociągowej. Celem pracy jest propozycja zastosowania metody Bow-Tie (Kokardy) do oceny i analizy bezpieczeństwa systemów zaopatrzenia w wodę. W pracy przedstawiono założenia nowej metodologii analizy bezpieczeństwa dla zidentyfikowanych zagrożeń i ich możliwych skutków. Przedstawiona w pracy metoda uwzględnia różne scenariusze sytuacji awaryjnych związanych z funkcjonowaniem systemów wodociągowych.

EN

In ISO 28000 norm 28 methodologies for risk analysis and assessment were presented. Depending on needs all can be used in the water supply industry. The aim of this paper is to propose the use of the Bow-Tie method to assess and analyze the safety of water supply systems. The paper presents the assumptions of a new safety analysis methodology for hazards identification and their possible effects. The method presented in the paper takes into account various scenarios of emergency situations related to the functioning of water supply systems.

11

Analiza bezpieczeństwa uczestników wypadku drogowego

Falana S., Pietrowska K., Joszko K., Wolański W.

Aktualne Problemy Biomechaniki

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2017

|

z. 13

13--20

PL

W pracy przedstawiono analizę bezpieczeństwa pasażerów samochodu osobowego podczas zderzenia czołowego. Badania modelowe wykonano z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania MADYMO oraz modeli manekinów: osoby dorosłej (HYBRID III) oraz 6-letniego dziecka (PO6). Przeprowadzone symulacje numeryczne obejmowały różne warianty i konfiguracje mocowań pasów bezpieczeństwa. Ocenę skuteczności działania systemów bezpieczeństwa przeprowadzono na podstawie wyznaczonych parametrów kinematycznych i dynamicznych jak np. przyspieszenia głowy, momentów sił, a także kryteriów urazowości (HIC, NIC oraz Nij). Otrzymane wyniki wykazały, że im większa liczba mocowań pasów bezpieczeństwa tym mniejsze prawdopodobieństwo wystąpienia poważnych obrażeń podczas wypadku drogowego.

EN

The safety analysis of the vehicle passengers during frontal collision was presented in this paper. Model researches were performed using Madymo software with models of adult dummy (HYBRID III) and 6-year-old child dummy (P06). The various options and configurations of safety belts were considered in numerical simulations. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the safety systems was based on the kinematic and dynamic parameters, such as: acceleration of the head, force moments and Injury Criteria (HIC, NIC and Nij). The obtained results showed that the increasing number of safety belt anchorages cause decreasing probability of serious injury during car accident.

12

Projektowanie konstrukcji budowlanych

Biegus A.

Budownictwo i Prawo

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2016

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R. 19, nr 2

8--10

PL

To druga część tej problematyki, która dotyczy m.in. analizy bezpieczeństwa konstrukcji według półprobabilistycznej metody stanów granicznych. Analizując bezpieczeństwo konstrukcji, należy ustalić taką kombinację równoczesnego występowania obciążeń stałych i zmiennych.

EN

It is the second part of this problematic, which concerns interalia the analysis of structure safety according to the half probabilistic limit state method. When analyzing the safety of the structure, such a combination of simultaneously appearing constant and variable loads, has to be determined.

13

Analiza bezpieczeństwa zakotwienia warstwy fakturowej prefabrykatu wielkopłytowego po dociepleniu

Dębowski J.

Przegląd Budowlany

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2015

|

R. 86, nr 6

12--17

PL

W artykule przedstawiono przegląd metodologii oceny stanu technicznego warstwy fakturowej w trójwarstwowych elementach ściennych budownictwa wielkopłytowego oraz wyniki analizy obliczeniowej bezpieczeństwa warstwy fakturowej obciążonej dodatkowo ciężarem ocieplenia. W obliczeniach uwzględniono potencjalne wady materiałowo-wykonawcze (zmiana średnicy wieszaków m.in. wskutek korozji, zastosowanie różnych gatunków stali).

EN

The article presents the methodology review pertaining to the assessment of the technical status of the textured layer in the three-layered wall elements of the ‘great panel’ buildings, along with the results of the calculation analysis regarding safety of the textured layer which additionally needs to bear the load imposed by the thermal insulation. The calculation did take into account the potential faulty materials or execution of the works (change in the diameter of the hangers resulting from corrosion, using different steel-types).

14

Thermal-hydraulic calculations for a fuel assembly in a European Pressurized Reactor using the RELAP5 code

Skrzypek M., Laskowski R.

Nukleonika

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2015

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Vol. 60, No. 3, part 2

537--544

EN

The main object of interest was a typical fuel assembly, which constitutes a core of the nuclear reactor. The aim of the paper is to describe the phenomena and calculate thermal-hydraulic characteristic parameters in the fuel assembly for a European Pressurized Reactor (EPR). To perform thermal-hydraulic calculations, the RELAP5 code was used. This code allows to simulate steady and transient states for reactor applications. It is also an appropriate calculation tool in the event of a loss-of-coolant accident in light water reactors. The fuel assembly model with nodalization in the RELAP5 (Reactor Excursion and Leak Analysis Program) code was presented. The calculations of two steady states for the fuel assembly were performed: the nominal steady-state conditions and the coolant flow rate decreased to 60% of the nominal EPR flow rate. The calculation for one transient state for a linearly decreasing flow rate of coolant was simulated until a new level was stabilized and SCRAM occurred. To check the correctness of the obtained results, the authors compared them against the reactor technical documentation available in the bibliography. The obtained results concerning steady states nearly match the design data. The hypothetical transient showed the importance of the need for correct cooling in the reactor during occurrences exceeding normal operation. The performed analysis indicated consequences of the coolant flow rate limitations during the reactor operation.

15

Safety analysis of coolant needed supply for Spent Fuel Pool in light of Fukushima Accident

Malicki M., Skolik K., Oettingen M.

Logistyka

|

2015

|

nr 4

9450--9457, CD3

EN

The Fukushima accident shows us that not only the core and reactor could make problems during unexpected events but also Spent Fuel Pool (SFP). That accident encouraged many experts to reconsider safety features in this area of Nuclear Power Plants (NPP) and to be more mindful of this potential problem. Preparing precise analysis of such accidents could provide important information about possible consequences and bring up essential solutions about how to improve SFP fuel management and safety systems related with the fuel storage process. This paper delivers analysis based on the Fukushima SFP unit 4 accident from March 11th 2011. The Fukushima type accident was caused by a lack of heat reception: water vaporization was the only way for heat to escape from SFP. Critical to avoid serious consequences in that situation is to know when and how much water must be provided by the operator to the SFP to ensure the assembly is submerged into a coolant. During this accident the SFP was almost full, 1530 of 1560 spots were taken and instruments, safety or safety-related systems like heat exchangers were not available.

16

Computer codes in the safety analysis for nuclear power plants. Computational capabilities of thermal-hydraulic tools, using the example of the RELAP5 code

Skrzypek E., Skrzypek M.

Journal of Power Technologies

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2014

|

Vol. 94, nr 5

41--50

EN

Safety is a paramount concern of the Nuclear Power Program in Poland. To this end there is a need to investigate the design of the proposed reactor and its operation principles and perform multiple analyses both before the reactor start-up (The Pre-Construction Safety Report (PCSR) and during its operational life. In the worldwide nuclear community hundreds of people are involved in this complicated and complex process. Due to the sophistication of the phenomena occurring during operation and accidents, the number of analyses is increasing rapidly. Currently, much interest in this field is focused on the use of computer codes and high computational power.

17

Semi-formal methods in safety railway control systems validation

Magott J., Lewiński A., Perzyński T

Archives of Transport System Telematics

|

2013

|

Vol. 6, iss. 1

32--36

EN

Th e paper deals with extending the obligatory methods of safety proof of railway control and management computer systems towards more formalized methods based on mathematical apparatus. Such semi-formal methods are recommended by existing EU standards for the design, but also to demonstrate safe operation in accordance with the principle of the rail fail-safe rule, where no single error does not lead to catastrophic situations. Th e paper proposes an extension method of FTA (Fault Tree Analysis) method to FTTD (Fault Tree with Time Dependencies), and an analysis of THR method (Tolerable Hazard Rate) to the analysis of probability of catastrophic fault based on stationary Markov processes. Basic methods and their extension are shown on typical examples of rail automation systems: cross-level protection system and interlocking system.

18

Probabilistic safety analysis of the critical infrastructure subsystems

Andrzejczak K., Popowska B.

Scientific Problems of Machines Operation and Maintenance

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2012

|

Vol. 47, nr 1

15--27

EN

In the article, we discuss probabilistic aspects for the risk assessment of the critical infrastructure subsystem. We present a short survey of probabilistic methods in safety analysis. Our purpose is appointing a few special probabilistic measures for predicting so-called rare events. These measures are an important component in the quantitative risk assessment associated with the maintenance of the critical infrastructure subsystem.

PL

W artykule omówiono probabilistyczne aspekty szacowania ryzyka podsystemu infrastruktury krytycznej. Przedstawiono krótki przegląd probabilistycznych metod analizy bezpieczeństwa. Celem jest wyznaczenie miar probabilistycznych do predykcji tak zwanych zdarzeń rzadkich. Miary te są ważnym elementem w ilościowej ocenie ryzyka związanego z utrzymaniem w stanie zdatności podsystemu infrastruktury krytycznej.

19

Deterministic-probabilistic method of waterway design parameters determination

Gucma S., Zalewski P.

Annual of Navigation

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2012

|

No. 19, part 2

19–30

EN

The paper presents a method of recommended waterway parameters determination, based on modified relationships derived from actual empirical research - the authors’ combination of PIANC and Canadian deterministic methods and stochastic relationships). These relationships are mostly discontinuous functions (e.g. of ship type variable, speed, method of determining the position, etc.), which can be approximated by continuous spline functions. Application built in C# allows determining the recommended minimum width of the waterway, the width increase due to the accuracy of the vessel positioning method, and the minimum radius of waterway bends. The results can be further utilized in the Decision Support System for Water Transport Safety.

20

Zastosowanie analizy bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji do kontroli funkcjonowania zakładu oczyszczania wody

Zimoch I.

Ochrona Środowiska

|

2011

|

Vol. 33, nr 2

39-44

PL

Istotnym zagadnieniem w ocenie poprawności eksploatacji zakładu oczyszczania wody jest umiejętność przewidywania warunków pracy układu technologicznego (zdarzeń), które mogą spowodować zagrożenie, a w skrajnych przypadkach utratę bezpieczeństwa funkcjonowania zakładu. W pełnej analizie bezpieczeństwa metodyka ba-dawcza winna uwzględniać zarówno niezawodność funkcjonowania ciągu technologicznego oczyszczania wody, jak i charakterystyki probabilistyczne bezpieczeństwa jakościowego wody. Zaprezentowana metodyka kompleksowej oceny bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji zakładu oczyszczania wody uwzględnia interpretację bezpieczeństwa w postaci zintegrowanego parametru, jakim jest gotowość bezpieczeństwa eksploatacyjnego. Pozwala ona na podstawie standardowych parametrów operacyjnych pracy zakładu oczyszczania wody oraz wskaźników jakości ujmowanej wody uzyskać informacje o przebiegu procesu technologicznego oczyszczania wody. Wykazano, że wykorzystanie stosunkowo prostych narzędzi statystycznych umożliwia oszacowanie dodatkowych parametrów oceny, takich jak uogólniony wskaźnik bezpieczeństwa (BJWZOW), prawdopodobieństwo błędu technologicznego (PBT) oraz prawdopodobieństwo braku skuteczności technologicznej (PBST). Parametry te pozwalają na pełną identyfikację warunków i poprawności eksploatacyjnej zakładu oczyszczania wody, które mogą stanowić podstawę do opracowania procedur planów bezpieczeństwa wody minimalizujących ryzyko eksploatacyjne układów ujmowania i oczyszczania wody. Zaprezentowana metoda analizy bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji zakładu oczyszczania wody ma charakter uniwersalny i może być zastosowana w przypadku różnych wskaźników jakości wody.

EN

A crucial factor in guaranteeing a correct operation of the water treatment plant is the ability to predict such operating conditions for the treatment train (events) that might produce a risk of operational safety loss or, in extreme circumstances, cause the water treatment plant lose its operational safety. It is imperative that the methods used for a comprehensive analysis of operational safety should entail not only the reliability of the treatment train's functioning but also a probabilistic characterization of water quality safety. With the method proposed here for the comprehensive analysis of the operational safety of a water treatment plant it is possible to interpret the operational safety in terms of an integrated parameter, i.e. in terms of the availability of operational safety. Thus, based on the standard operating parameters of the water treatment plant, as well as on the quality parameters of the water being taken in, it is possible to obtain further information on the course of the water treatment process. It has been demonstrated that the use of relatively simple statistical tools enables the following additional parameters of assessment to be evaluated: a generalized safety factor (BJWZOW), the probability of technological error (PBT), and the probability of technological efficiency being unavailable (PBST). These parameters allow a full identification of the conditions and operational correctness for the water treatment plant, thus providing a basis for the development of procedures for Water Safety Plans in order to minimize the operational risk for the water intake and water treatment systems. The method of operational safety analysis proposed in this paper for a water treatment plant is versatile and applies to real water treatment plants under conditions of diverse water quality parameters.