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Gas Evolution of GEOPOL® W Sand Mixture and Comparison with Organic Binders

Vykoukal M., Burian A., Přerovská M., Bajer T., Beňo J.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

2019

iss. 2

49--54

The article deals with the gas development of the geopolymer binder system hardened by heat and provides the comparison with organic binder systems. The GEOPOL® W technology is completely inorganic binder system, based on water. This fact allow that the gas generated during pouring is based on water vapour only. No dangerous emissions, fumes or unpleasant odours are developed. The calculated amount of water vapour generated from GEOPOL® W sand mixture is 1.9 cm3/g. The measured volume of gas for GEOPOL® W is 4.3 cm3/g. The measurement of gas evolution proves that the inorganic binder system GEOPOL® W generates very low volume of gas (water vapour) in comparison with PUR cold box amine and Croning. The amount of gas is several times lower than PUR cold box amine (3.7x) and Croning (4.2x). The experiment results are consistent with the literature sources. The difference between the calculated and the measured gas volume is justified by the reverse moisture absorption from the air after dehydration during storing and preparing the sand samples. Minimal generated volumes of gas/water vapour brings, mainly as was stated no dangerous emissions, also the following advantages: minimal risk of bubble defects creation, the good castings without defects, reduced costs for exhaust air treatment, no condensates on dies, reduced costs for cleaning.

Application of additional grounded wires in high voltage overhead power lines to reduce the intensity of electric field generated by phase wires

Gumiela J., Sztafrowski D.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

2018

R. 94, nr 3

159--161

To minimize interference with the environment it is important to make every effort already at the design stage to spare the trouble associated with additional investment later on. Due to the value of land in urban areas, it is beneficial to take necessary measures to reduce the width of the impact zone and optimize the management of these lands. Possible variants of this assumption were analysed on the example of the existing 110 kV line.

W celu ograniczenia natężenia pola elektrycznego w środowisku warto już na etapie projektowania obiektów elektroenergetycznych dołożyć wszelkich starań minimalizujących uciążliwość nowej inwestycji. W odpowiednich aktach prawnych zostały określone graniczne wartości m.in. pola elektrycznego co determinuje szerokość tzw. pasa technologicznego oraz ograniczenia w zagospodarowaniu sąsiadujących terenów. Na przykładzie istniejącej linii 110 kV poddano analizie możliwe warianty realizacji tego założenia.