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1
Content available A nature inspired collision avoidance algorithm for ships
Lazarowska A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2023
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Vol. 17 No. 2
341--346
EN
Nature inspired algorithms are regarded as a powerful tool for solving real life problems. They do not guarantee to find the globally optimal solution, but can find a suboptimal, robust solution with an acceptable computational cost. The paper introduces an approach to the development of collision avoidance algorithms for ships based on the firefly algorithm, classified to the swarm intelligence methods. Such algorithms are inspired by the swarming behaviour of animals, such as e.g. birds, fish, ants, bees, fireflies. The description of the developed algorithm is followed by the presentation of simulation results, which show, that it might be regarded as an efficient method of solving the collision avoidance problem. Such algorithm is intended for use in the Decision Support System or in the Collision Avoidance Module of the Autonomous Navigation System for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships.
2
Content available Overreliance on ECDIS technology: A challenge for safe navigation
Kristić M., Žuškin S., Brčić D., Car M.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2021
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Vol. 15 No. 2
277--288
EN
The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) became the central navigational tool on modern ships. The system comprises numerous navigational and other components, each of them with its limitations and reliability. Due to ECDIS's revolutionary features, navigators are tempted to place excessive reliance on the system. Such reliance on it as a sole navigational aid is undoubtedly a problematic issue. The proposed paper is a segment of a systematically carried out research among ECDIS stakeholders. ECDIS EHO (Experience, Handling, and Opinion) research aims through research activities based on a user-centred approach to develop and improve the educational framework. The overreliance on the ECDIS system motivated the proposed research, which focused on system users' opinions and practice regarding confirmation of the accuracy of information displayed on ECDIS, particularly concerning positional sensors. Analysis of answers collected by the ECDIS EHO questionnaire represents a backbone of the research supported by previous achievements. The answers have been categorized and discussed, revealing certain worrying aspects referring to the system's positional error experienced by users. Furthermore, preferred methods of cross-checking ECDIS information have been identified and have differed among respondents based on their rank on board. Additionally, answers indicate certain doubts between users’ interpretation of the best confirmation method and the actual selection of the used method. The importance of cross-checking navigational data in avoiding overreliance and maintaining situational awareness has been presented in the conclusion chapter and the proposal for further work.
3
Content available With regard to the autonomy in maritime operations – hydrography and shipping, interlinked
Wróbel K., Weintrit A.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2020
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Vol. 14. no. 3
745--749
EN
With change being the only thing that is constant, modern world is undergoing a disruptive change to many aspects of everyday life. Covering 70% of our planet, oceans and industries connected with them are of no exception. The apparent drive towards autonomization in shipping will not only change the way vessels are navigated, but will affect virtually all services needed for the vessels to be navigated. These include not only the design of ships themselves, training of their crews, remote supervision of onboard processes, but also the extremely important - yet not always appreciated - domain that allows for a safe navigation: maritime hydrography. This paper discusses some insights on how the autonomous vessels and future hydrographers may benefit from each other.
4
Content available Safe navigation of cruise ships in greenlandic waters - legal frame and practical challenges
Rasmussen H. B., Feldtmann B.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2020
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Vol. 14, no. 1
207--212
EN
Climate change provides for improved conditions for maritime navigation and results in increased activity in the Arctic. Those increased activities influence the safety at sea and risk of accidents. A disaster as the Costa Concordia incident would have far more serious consequences in Greenlandic waters than it had in Italy, therefore the question of prevention and disaster-preparedness is crucial. One approach to avoid risks is to create specific legislation. The legal system guiding safe navigation of cruise ships in/around Greenlandic waters is complex: the legal regime for navigation is set in different general and specific international, regional and national legal acts, partly non-binding, therefore issues of effectiveness arise. Safety is also influenced by practical issues, e.g. the lack of sufficient nautical charts for Greenlandic waters and “preparedness” at land to handle potential disasters, such as the SAR-system and preparedness of different actors, for example hospitals.
5
Content available A Research on Concept of Ship Safety Domain
Baran A., Fişkin R., Kişi H.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2018
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Vol. 12, no. 1
43--47
EN
This study presents the results of the content analysis of articles related to "Ship Safety Do-main". The content and statistical analysis of 44 articles that published in 21 different journals between 1970 and 2016 were conducted. This study includes various data types such as publishing years of articles, obtaining the type of data, the contribution of authors, the contribution of countries, the contribution of the institution, the rank of the journal, keywords of articles and etc. The content analysis aims to provide necessary indicators for readers, followers, and contributors of relevant discipline and a glimpse of lots of articles. The published articles about ship safety domain are discovered by this study so as to contribute lecturers and researchers interested in navigation especially ship domain concept. The results of the research were revealed that Poland and China are the most contributing countries, Dalian Maritime University and The Maritime University of Szczecin are the most contributing institutions and Ning Wang and Rafal Szlapczynski are the most contributing researchers.
6
Content available Multi-step matrix game of safe ship control at various safe passing distances
Lisowski J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2016
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nr 46 (118)
141--146
EN
The paper introduces the process of safe ship control in collision situations using a differential game model with m participants. The basic model of process includes non-linear state equations and non-linear, time-varying constraints of the state variables as well as the quality game control index in the forms of game integral payment and final payment. As an approximated model of the manoeuvring process, a model of a multi-step matrix game in the form of a dual linear programming problem has been adopted here. The Game Control (gc) computer program has been designed in Matlab/Simulink software in order to determine the own ship safe trajectory. The considerations have been illustrated with computer simulation examples using the gc program for determining safe own ship trajectory in real navigation situations when passing commonly-encountered ships.
7
Content available Dynamic optimisation of safe ship trajectory with neural representation of encountered ships
Lisowski J.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2016
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nr 47 (119)
91--97
EN
This paper describes an application of the dynamic programming method to determine the safety of one’s own ship trajectory during encounter of other ships. A dynamic model of the process, with kinematic constraints of state and determined by a three-layer artificial neural network has been used for the development of control procedures. Non-linear activation functions in the first and second layers may be characterised by a tangent curve while the output layer is of a sigmoidal nature. The Neural Network Toolbox of the Matlab software has been used to model the network. The learning process used an algorithm of backward propagation of the error with an adaptively selected learning step. The considerations have been illustrated through an example implemented in a computer simulation using the algorithm for the determination of the safe ship trajectory in situations of encounter of multiple ships, recorded on the ship’s radar screen in real navigational situation in the Kattegat Strait.
8
Content available Maritime Situation Monitoring for Safe Navigation on Northern Sea Route
Popovich V.V., Smirnova O.V., Popovich T.V.
TransNav : International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation
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2016
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Vol. 10, no. 3
433--440
EN
Considering growing intensity of navigation on Northern Sea Route and of continuous exploration and development of Arctic shelf, problems of maritime situation monitoring in Arctic become particularly important. Firstly, complex operational informational support of activities in Arctic is needed. Secondly, constant access to actual and valid information about hydro-meteorological, navigational and ice situations is required. Solution of stated problems entails integration, processing and analysis of large amounts of heterogeneous data. Consequently, development of unified system for situation monitoring and intellectual support is essential. Such system allows to execute operational monitoring of dangerous situations of different sort (natural or anthropogenic) that influence safety of objects in Arctic region, and to perform intellectual analysis of such situations and prompt provision of suitable recommendations.
9
Content available User requirements supporting the safe navigation in Korean Coast
Jeong J.S., Jeong J., Kim H.J., Kim S. Y.
Annual of Navigation
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2013
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No. 20
37--48
EN
This research aims at investigating the user requirements at the service level for safe navigation system, following e-navigation strategy implementation plan. The user requirements is surveyed to collect real-time navigational information and then to find out services through the presentation of the collected information. To provide the information on user needs for the system developer, a questionnaire survey has been made. Based on this surveys, this research investigated which navigational information is with higher priority for the safe navigation during ship operation by bridge team in harbour and in coastal and confined.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań wymagań użytkownika związanych z poziomem bezpieczeństwa nawigacji, stosownie do strategii wprowadzania e-nawigacji. Badano oczekiwania użytkowników odnośnie informacji nawigacyjnej dostarczanej w czasie rzeczywistym oraz sposobu jej prezentacji metodą ankietową. Wykonano przegląd kwestionariuszy dla ustalenia informacji o potrzebach użytkownika z myślą o projektantach systemów. Na bazie opisywanych badań ustalono, jakie informacje nawigacyjne cechują się najwyższym priorytetem w opinii użytkowników, zarówno w warunkach żeglugi przybrzeżnej, jak i w porcie lub akwenie ograniczonym.
10
Content available Determination of ship's safe navigation lane in the navigational information system
Uriasz J.
Annual of Navigation
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2011
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No. 17
1-113
EN
This monograph presents a concept of the determination and use of ship's safe navigation lane in navigational information systems. The ship's safe navigation lane is called navlane in this work and is determined from its parameters, chart data, accuracy of position identification and provisions of Collision Regulations. The work consists of an introduction, four chapters and a summary. The introduction provides a historical outline to the problem, discusses the current state of research on the determination of safe movement trajectories, finally sets the aim and scope of this work. Chapter 1 presents properties of the marine navigational information system, which combines a navigational system and an information system. The former enables estimating of own ship's position, the latter provides an image of the navigational situation. Chapter 2 includes methods of presenting cartographic objects in the navigational information system. Chapter 3 gives a definition and method of the determination of safe ship movement lane. Finally, in the last fourth chapter the reader will find practical use of ship movement lane ensuring safe navigation, accounting for the impact of the marine environment, e.g. tides, and collision avoidance. In the summary, most essential conclusions and remarks are presented.
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