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Usefulness of the measurement of saccadic refixation in the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder/hyperkinetic disorder in adults

Walecki P. K., Gorzelańczyk J.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2016

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Vol. 12, no. 3

105--108

EN

Background: The aim of the research is to evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of saccadic refixation in the diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)/hyperkinetic disorder (HKD) in adults. Methods: Seventy-eight individuals were examined: 40 with ADHD/HKD and 38 healthy ones. A noninvasive eye movement examination using the Saccadometer (Advanced Clinical Instrumentation, Cambridge, UK) was applied. Two saccadic tests, prosaccades task (PT) and antisaccades task (AT), were carried out. Results: Based on the results, we can assume that selected parameters, such as latency, standard deviation of latency, promptness, and correctness (directional errors), in individuals with ADHD/HKD differ statistically in the relevant parameters from the healthy ones. The latency and the standard deviation of latency in ADHD/HKD participants are greater when compared to healthy ones. ADHD/HKD participants have a greater number of directional errors in comparison to healthy ones. Conclusions: The standard deviation of latency prosaccades is a good parameter for distinguishing people from both groups. An important and innovative solution in this study in comparison to the studies.

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What the future holds for the study of saccades

Zee D. S.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 32, no. 2

65-76

EN

Here we review the state of the art using saccadic eye movements as windows to the function of the normal brain and of the abnormal brain plagued by disease or trauma. By combining sophisticated behavioral paradigms with rigorous mathematical analysis and the latest imaging techniques one can use saccades as biomarkers of the highest level decision making to the lowest level basic machinery that generates premotor saccade commands. As technology advances saccades will become even more useful as immediate monitors of the state of the brain in disease and trauma and as a way to evaluate therapies.

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Analysing the detail of saccadic reaction time distributions

Carpenter R. H. S.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 32, no. 2

49-63

EN

Measuring saccadic reaction time distributions is an increasingly popular technique, making it possible to obtain a large amount of data non-invasively in a short period of time. Such distributions can often be encapsulated with just two parameters, representing the mean and variance of the rate of rise in the LATER model. For many purposes, both scientific and clinical, this is enough. But for normal as well as pathological subjects, particularly when using more complex tasks, one may often see features that cannot be explained by a simple LATER model. These include early and express saccades, 'late' saccades, and (in tasks such as go/no-go and antisaccades) more complex modifications. These features can be explained relatively easily by introducing extra LATER units, and enable them to be quantitatively parameterised; this potentially offers much more precise ways of quantifying the effects of such clinical conditions.

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Monitoring pilot's eye movements during the combat flight - the white box

Ober J. K., Ober J. J., Malawski M., Skibniewski W., Przedpelska-Ober E., Hryniewiecki J.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2002

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Vol. 22, no. 2-3

241-264

EN

Modern fighter pilots are often exposed to excessive accelerations. The resulting brain hipoxia can lead to G-LOC (G-induced loss of consciousness). Authors discuses the effects of microcirculatory adaptation released by the push-pull condition (rapid change from minus to plus Gz). The memory effect of vaso-pull condition (rapid change from minus to plus Gz). The memory effect of vaso-constriction due to - Gz can be responsible for intermittent blocking of the compensatory vasodilatation and diminishing the +Gz tolerance of pilots tested on the centrifuge. Authors consider the push-pull condition to be analogous to the rapid blocking of the brain perfusion caused by the high plus Gz onset rates (1,G/s). Using the visual symptoms (narrowing of the visual field) is not longer adequate for monitoring the centrifuge push-pull trainig. Authors discuses the possibility of using the saccadic eye movements as being the most adequate physiological signal to monitor the pilot's consciousness. Measuring pilots eye movements requires to develop a miniature complex motion transducer which can be used during centrifuge training as well as during the flight (the White Box). Problems encountered during the system development are discussed.