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EN
Dynamic replacement (DR) is a ground improvement technique that has been used now for almost 50 years. During the formation of a DR column a crater is created which is then filled with a coarse material and compacted again. The length, diameter and shape of such a column cannot be observed directly, which makes the design and execution more troublesome. In the article presented are the dimensions and shapes of 18 columns from eight different test fields. They were formed by means of pounders of various masses (9 or 11.5 Mg) and dimensions (1.00 or 1.05 m in diameter, 1.8 or 2.0 m in height). Based on the observations and measurements, it was concluded that the shape and diameter of a DR column is influenced by the parameters of the soft soil that is supposed to be improved (its thickness, physical state and location in the profile), as well as by the diameter of the pounder. It was revealed that, as the length of the columns increased, the column shapes changed from: a cylinder, through a truncated cone, a barrel to an asymmetric barrel. The diameters of all of the columns were 1.4–2.8 times larger than the diameters of the used pounders and the largest values were noted along the depth of the weakest layer. The presented results may be useful to the profession. When the thickness of the weak soil, its type and state are known and the technological parameters are similar to the ones presented in this paper, it is possible to predict the shape and diameter of the columns depending on the diameter of the pounder.
RU
Обосновывается необходимость усовершенствования технологий строительства дорожных насыпей на слабых грунтах. Предлагаемая технология строительства комбинированной дорожной насыпи является актуальной альтернативой традиционным технологиям. Предлагается метод, отвечающий всем требованиям строительства. Его суть заключена в применении более легкого материала, чем грунт. Использование в комбинированной насыпи пенополистирола (EPS-блоки) и пенобетона обусловлено их физико-механическими свойствами, материалы имеют значительно меньшую плотность, чем грунт. Применение в насыпи пенобетона способствует повышению прочности конструкции, защите от негативных факторов (повреждения грызунами, вандализма), пожаробезопасности. Представлены основные расчеты по определению степени устойчивости основания насыпи, уменьшению величины конечной осадки конструкции, предотвращению гидростатического всплытия, а также преимущества комбинированной дорожной насыпи на слабых грунтах.
EN
The need for improvement in technologies of road embankments construction on weak soil is substantiated. The proposed technology of construction of combined road embankment is actual alternative of traditional technologies. The method which answers to all requirements of construction is proposed. The essence of the method is application of a material that is lighter than soil. Use of foam polystyrene (EPS - blocks) and foam of foam polystyrene (EPS - blocks) and foam concrete is caused by physics-mechanical properties. These materials have a lower density than the soil. The foam polystyrene application in embankment improves strength of the structure, protects against negative factors (rodent damage, vandalism), increases fire resistance value. Basic calculations which determine the extent of embankment base stability, decrease of the final draft design, prevent hydrostatic ascent and advantages of the combined road embankment on weak soil are presented.
RU
Рассмотрены задачи для расчета насыпи на слабых грунтах. Учтены особенности расположения EPS-блоков и переходной зоны между EPS-блоками и пенобетоном. Расчет комбинированной дорожной насыпи на слабых грунтах с применением EPS-блоков и пенобетона позволяет сделать выводы о несущей способности, осадке, рассчитать и определить механизмы разрушения насыпи, мероприятия по предотвращению разрушений, технологические корректировки, таким образом, заранее предопределить целесообразность строительства конструкции.
EN
There were considered tasks for the proposed embankment on weak grounds. Calculations of properties of the distribution of EPS blocks and the transition zone between the EPS blocks and foam concrete were made. The project of road embankment on weak soils using EPS blocks and foam concrete can draw conclusions about the capacity, settling, allows to calculate and determine the mechanisms of destruction of the embankment and to take appropriate measures to prevent the destruction and determine at the beginning of the construction process appropriateness of execution of the embankment.
PL
W Polsce brak jest norm krajowych dotyczących projektowania konstrukcji ziemnych z zastosowaniem geosyntetyków. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest szczegółowe przeanalizowanie procedur wymiarowania wzmocnień geosyntetycznych podstawy nasypów na słabym podłożu gruntowym, zawartych w brytyjskiej normie BS 8006 i niemieckich wytycznych EBGEO. Jest bardzo prawdopodobne, że w przyszłości omawiane zalecenia zostaną wykorzystane jako baza do stworzenia polskiego załącznika krajowego do Eurokodu 7, dotyczącego projektowania konstrukcji z gruntu zbrojonego geosyntetykami.
EN
In Poland there are no national guidelines for the design of earth structures using geosynthetics. Design procedures for geosynthetic reinforcement of embankment base on soft subsoil, according to British Standard BS 8006 and German guidelines EBGEO 2010, were presented in this paper. The purpose of this paper is to analyze in detailed the calculation procedures contained in the above guidelines. It is very likely that in future these recommendations will be used as a base for the creation of the Polish National Annex to Eurocode 7, concerning the design of soil reinforced with geosynthetics.
PL
W artykule przedstawione zostały wyniki wstępnych badań laboratoryjnych wpływu geomateraca w poduszce wzmacniającej, na przebieg zależności "obciążenie-osiadanie" ławy fundamentalnej obciążonej statycznie. Badania przeprowadzono w skrzyni o wymiarach 1 x 1 x1 m. Obejmowały one podłoże słabe, podłoże wzmocnione poduszką i podłoże wzmocnione poduszką dozbrojoną geomateracem umieszczonym w jej spągu. Przedstawione wyniki badań pokazują, iż dodatkowe wzmocnienie podłoża pod fundamentami przez zastosowanie geomateraca jest celowe i prowadzi do uzyskania mniejszych osiadań budowli.
EN
The article presents initial laboratory tests results directed to determine the influence of geomattress placed in strengthening pillow on the "load-settlement" relationship course for static loaded strip footing. The tests have been carried out in a 1 x 1 x1 m box. Its subject were weak subsoil, subsoil strengthened with a pillow and the subsoil strengthened with a pillow reinforced with geomattress placed in its bottom. Presented results show us, that additional strengthening of the subsoil under the foundations with a geomattress is proper and leads to reduction in subsidence.
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