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Role of materials design in maintenance engineering in the context of industry 4.0 idea

Dobrzański L. A.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 96, nr 1

12--49

EN

Purpose: The paper presents the issues of designing the maintenance of materials and products in accordance with the idea of Industry 4.0. The author's views on the need for augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model were also presented, as well as the author's original concept that hybrid activities in predictive maintenance and condition-based maintenance should be preceded by designing material, maintenance & manufacturing 3MD at the stage of the product's material designing and technological designing. The 3MD approach significantly reduces the frequency of assumed actions, procedures and resources necessary to remain the condition of this product for the longest possible time, enabling it to perform the designed working functions. Examples of own advanced research on several selected, newly developed materials, used in very different areas of application, confirmed the validity of the scientific hypothesis and the relationship between the studied phenomena and structural effects and the working functions of products and their maintenance and indicated that material design is one of the most important elements guaranteeing progress production at the stage of Industry 4.0 of the industrial revolution. Design/methodology/approach: The author's considerations are based on an extensive literature study and the results of the author's previous study and empirical work. Each of the examples given required the use of a full set of research methods available to modern material engineering, including HRTEM high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Findings: The most interesting intellectual achievements contained in the paper include presentations of the author's original concepts regarding the augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model, which has been distributed so far, which not only requires augmentation but is actually only one of the 4 elements of the technology platform of the extended holistic model of current industrial development, concerning cyber-IT production aided system. The author also presents his own concept for designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD already at the stage of material and technological design of the product, eliminating many problems related to product maintenance, even before they are manufactured and put into exploitation. Detailed results of detailed structural researches of several selected avant-garde engineering materials and discussion of structural changes that accompanying their manufacturing and/or processing are also included. Originality/value: The originality of the paper is associated with the novelty of the approach to analysing maintenance problems of materials and products, taking into account the requirements of the contemporary stage of Industry 4.0 development. The value of the paper is mainly associated with the presentation of original issues referred to as findings, including the concept of augmentation of the Industry 4.0 model and the introduction and experimental confirmation of the idea by designing material, maintenance and manufacturing 3MD.

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The new generation of the biologicalengineering materials for applications in medical and dental implant-scaffolds

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Czuba Z. P., Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Malara P., Szindler M., Kroll L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 91, nr 2

56--85

EN

Purpose: The publication aims to find the relationship between the proliferation of surface layers of living cells and the deposition of thin atomic layers deposition ALD coatings on the pores internal surfaces of porous skeletons of medical and dental implant-scaffolds manufactured with the selective laser deposition SLS additive technology using titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy. Design/methodology/approach: The extensive review of the literature presents the state-of-the-art in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. General ageing of societies, increasing the incidence of oncological diseases and some transport and sports accidents, and also the spread of tooth decay and tooth cavities in many regions of the world has taken place nowadays. Those reasons involve resection of many tissues and organs and the need to replace cavities, among others bones and teeth through implantation, more and more often hybridized with tissue engineering methods. Findings: The results of investigations of the structure and properties of skeleton microporous materials produced from titanium and Ti6Al4V alloy powders by the method of selective laser sintering have been presented. Particularly valuable are the original and previously unpublished results of structural research using high-resolution transmission electron microscope HRTEM. Particular attention has been paid to the issues of surface engineering, in particular, the application of flat TiO2 and Al2O3 coatings applied inside micropores using the atomic layers deposition ALD method and hydroxyapatite applied the dip-coating sol-gel method, including advanced HRTEM research. The most important part of the work concerns the research of nesting and proliferation of live cells of osteoblasts the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line on the surface of micropores with surfaces covered with the mentioned layers. Research limitations/implications: The investigations reported in the paper fully confirmed the idea of the hybrid technology of producing microporous implants and implant-scaffolds to achieve original Authors’ biological-engineering materials. The surface engineering issues, including both flat-layered nonorganic coatings and interactions of those coverings with flat layers of living cells, play a crucial role. Originality/value: Materials commonly used in implantology and the most commonly used materials processing technologies in those applications have been described. Against that background, the original Authors' concept of implant-scaffolds and the application of microporous skeleton materials for this purpose have been presented.

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Metallic skeletons as reinforcement of new composite materials applied in orthopaedics and dentistry

Dobrzański L. A., Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A. D., Czuba Z. P., Dobrzański L. B., Achtelik-Franczak A., Malara P., Szindler M., Kroll L.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 92, nr 2

53--85

EN

Purpose: The article concerns the development of completely new groups of composite materials that can be used to produce functional replacements for damaged bones or teeth. Design/methodology/approach: A selective laser sintering was used to produce the reinforcement of those materials from titanium and its Ti6Al4V alloy in the form of skeletons with pores with adjustable geometric features. The matrix of those materials is either air or crystallised from the liquid AlSi12 or AlSi7Mg0.3 alloys condition after prior vacuum infiltration or human osteoblast cells from the hFOB 1.19 (Human ATCC - CRL - 11372) culture line. Findings: The porous material may be used for the non-biodegradable scaffold. After implantation into the body in the form of an implant-scaffold one, it allows the natural cells of the patient to grow into the pores of the implant, and it fuses with the bone or the appropriate tissue over time. The essential part of the implant-scaffold is the porous part inseparably connected with the core of solid materials. Into pores can grow living cells. Research limitations/implications: Biological-engineering composite materials in which natural cells were cultured in the pores in the laboratory next are combined as an artificial material with the natural cells of the patient in his/her body. Practical implications: The hybrid technologies of the all group of those materials were obtained and optimised. Numerous structure research was carried out using the most modern research methods of contemporary materials engineering, and mechanical tests and biological research involving the cultivation of natural cells were realised. Originality/value: The results of the research indicate the accuracy of the idea of implementing a new group of biological-engineering materials and the wide possibilities of their application in regenerative medicine.